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October 10, 2025
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Ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga kuyisimo esiyingozi kakhulu lapho umzimba wakho uqhuma khona futhi ungakwazi ukuzipholisa kahle. Uma ubushushu bomzimba wakho bungaphezulu kuka-40°C (104°F), izinhlelo zokuphola zomzimba wakho ziyayeka ukusebenza, okubekela amandla amakhulu ezingutsheni zakho.
Cabanga ngakho njengesistimu yokusipholisa yomoya yomzimba wakho ephula emfuleni usuku olukhulu lwonyaka. Ngaphandle kokuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga, okuyisimo esinzima kodwa esiphathekayo, ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga kuyisimo esiphuthumayo esidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwabasebenzi bezempilo.
Izimpawu zokuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga zivela lapho ukulungiswa kobushushu bomzimba wakho kuhluleka ngokuphelele. Uphawu olukhulu kakhulu yibushushu bomzimba obuphezulu kuka-40°C, kodwa cishe uzobona ezinye izimpawu zokuqala.
Ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga kubonakala ngezimpawu eziningi. Nazi izimpawu ezivamile okufanele uzilinde:
Ukungabi khona kokumila kuyikhathaza kakhulu ngoba kusho ukuthi umzimba wakho uye wayeka ukuzama ukuzipholisa. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga kuvela ngesikhathi somsebenzi omkhulu womzimba, ungase ube ukumila kakhulu.
Ukushintsha kwengqondo njengokuphazamiseka noma ukuguquka komuntu ngokuvamile kuvela ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zomzimba zibe nzima. Lezi zimpawu zezinzwa zenzeka ngoba ubuchopho bakho buqhuma futhi buzama ukusebenza kahle.
Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga, nokuqonda umehluko kungakusiza ukuthi uqaphele ingozi ezimweni ezahlukene. Zombili izinhlobo ziyingozi ngokulinganayo futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezokwelapha.
Ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga okuvamile ngokuvamile kuhlupha abantu abadala, abantwana abancinyane, noma abantu abanezinhlungu ezingapheli. Kuvela kancane kancane ezinsukwini eziningi zokubekwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, ikakhulukazi uma umswakama uphezulu. Ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga okuvamile kuvela kancane kancane.
Ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga okubangelwa umsebenzi kuhlupha abantu abaphilile, abasebenza kanzima abazikhandla kakhulu ezimweni ezishisayo. Abagijimi, amasosha, nabasebenzi basemgwaqweni bayingozi kakhulu. Lolu hlobo lungase luvele ngaphakathi kwamahora ngesikhathi somsebenzi omkhulu womzimba.
Umehluko oyinhloko ukushesha nendawo. Ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga okuvamile kuvela kancane kancane kubantu abagulayo ngesikhathi sezulu elishisayo, kuyilapho ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga okubangelwa umsebenzi kungase kuhluphe noma ubani oqeda amandla akhe esimweni esishisayo.
Ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga kwenzeka lapho umzimba wakho ukhulula noma uthola ubushushu obuningi kunalokho okungakwazi ukuwukhulula. Isistimu yakho yokulawula ubushushu yangaphakathi ihluleka futhi iphula.
Izici eziningi zingase zikhiphe umzimba wakho ngaphandle kwamandla awo okupholisa. Isimo sezulu sidlala indima enkulu kule nqubo:
Amandla omzimba wakho okumelana nokushisa angase ahluleke ngenxa yezizathu eziningi. Lokhu kukwenza ube sengozini ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa aphakathi:
Ngezinye izikhathi izimo zezokwelapha ezingavamile zingenza ukulungiswa kobushushu kube nzima. Izimo ezinjengokuhluleka kokumila (ukungakwazi ukumila) noma izifo ezithile zezinzwa zingase zikhulise ingozi yakho kakhulu.
Ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga kuhlale kuyisimo esiphuthumayo esidinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezokwelapha. Uma uthi umuntu unawo ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga, shayela u-911 ngokushesha bese uqala izinyathelo zokuphola ngenkathi ulinde usizo.
Ungalindi ukubona uma izimpawu ziphulukana zodwa. Ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga kungabangela ukonakala okungapheli kwezingutsheni noma ukufa ngaphakathi kwamahora uma kungaphathwa. Ngisho noma umuntu ebonakala ephulukana, udinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.
Kufanele futhi ufune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngezimpawu zokuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga ezingaphuli ngaphakathi kwamahora angu-30 okupholisa nokuphumula. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukumila okukhulu, ubuthakathaka, ukuphefumula okunzima, ubuhlungu bokhanda, nokukhungatheka. Ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga kungase kuqhubekele ekuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga uma kungaphathwa kahle.
Ngemva kwanoma yisiphi isifo esihlobene nokushisa, landela udokotela wakho ngaphakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa. Bangahlola noma yimiphi imiphumela ehlala njalo futhi bakusize ukuthi uqonde izici zakho zengozi zezehlakalo zesikhathi esizayo.
Abantu abathile babhekene nengozi enkulu yokuthuthukisa ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga ngenxa yobudala, izimo zezempilo, noma izimo zokuphila. Ukuqonda izinga lakho lomuntu siqu lengozi kukusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele ngesikhathi sezulu elishisayo.
Izici ezihlobene nobudala zithinta kakhulu amandla omzimba wakho okulungisa ubushushu. Igozi yakho iyakhula uma ungena kulezi zigaba:
Izimo eziningi zezempilo zenza ukulungiswa kobushushu kube nzima. Uma unezinye zalezi zimo, udinga ukunakekela okwengeziwe esimweni sezulu esishisayo:
Isitayela sokuphila nezici zemvelo nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile. Lezi zimo zingase zifake noma ubani engcupheni enkulu:
Imithi ethile ingase iphazamise izindlela zokuphola zomzimba wakho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ama-diuretics, ama-beta-blockers, ama-antihistamines, nezinye izidakamizwa zengqondo. Ungalokothi uyeke ukusebenzisa imithi eyalelwe, kodwa xoxa ngokuphepha kokushisa nodokotela wakho.
Ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga kungabangela ukonakala okukhulu emzimbeni wakho ngoba ukushisa okukhulu kuthinta yonke inhlangano yezingutsheni. Uma izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho lihlala liphezulu kakhulu, lezi zinhlanganisela zingase zibe zimbi kakhulu.
Ubuchopho bakho buyingozi kakhulu ekonakaleni kokushisa futhi ngokuvamile bubonisa izimpawu zokuqala zezinkinga. Izinhlanganisela zezinzwa ezivamile zihlanganisa:
Isistimu yakho yemisipha yomzimba nayo ibhekene nokucindezeleka okukhulu ngesikhathi sokuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga. Inhliziyo yakho isebenza kakhulu izama ukupholisa umzimba wakho, okungase kube yimbangela:
Ezinye izingutsheni emzimbeni wakho zingase zibuthakathaka. Lezi zinhlanganisela zingase zivele ngamahora noma izinsuku ngemva kokuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga okuqala:
Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga kungase kubangele isimo esibizwa ngokuthi i-disseminated intravascular coagulation, lapho igazi lakho liqina khona ngokungafanele emzimbeni wakho. Lokhu kungase kube yimbangela yezinkinga zokopha nokungasebenzi kahle kwezingutsheni.
Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukwelashwa okusheshayo kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yalezi zinhlanganisela. Abantu abaningi abamukela ukunakekelwa okusheshayo baphila ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemiphumela ehlala njalo.
Ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga kuvame ukungavikeleki ngokuceba okuhle nokwazi izingozi zezulu elishisayo. Okubalulekile ukusisiza umzimba wakho ukuba ugcine amandla awo okupholisa ngokwemvelo nokugwema izimo eziwudlula.
Hlala uthola amanzi anele usuku lonke, ikakhulukazi uma izinga lokushisa liphakama. Phuza amanzi njalo kunokulinda uze uzizwe unxanxathekile. Iziphuzo zezemidlalo zingasiza ekuphindeni ama-electrolytes ngesikhathi sokukhipha okuningi, kodwa amanzi avame ukwanele kwimisebenzi eminingi.
Hlela imisebenzi yakho yangaphandle ngokuhlakanipha ngesikhathi sezulu elishisayo. Hlela ukuzivocavoca noma ukusebenza ngesikhathi sokusa noma ngokuhlwa lapho izinga lokushisa liphansi. Thatha amaqhekeza avamile emthunzini noma esimweni sezulu esipholisayo, futhi ungazikhandli uma uqala ukuzizwa ushisile.
Gqoka ngokufanele ngesikhathi sezulu elishisayo. Khetha izingubo ezilula, eziqondile, ezimnyama ezivumela ukumila ukuba kuphele. Gqoka isigqoko esibanzi nesigqoko selanga uma ungaphandle, futhi sebenzisa i-sunscreen ukuvimbela ukushisa kwelanga, okuyisithiyo sokuphola.
Dala indawo epholisa ekhaya uma kungenzeka. Sebenzisa ukuphola komoya, abalandeli, noma amasiko okupholisa ngesikhathi sezulu elishisayo. Uma ungenayo ukuphola komoya, chithe isikhathi ezindaweni zomphakathi ezinawo, njengezitolo ezinkulu noma amalayibrari.
Nakani amalungu omndeni abuthakathaka nabamelene. Hlola izihlobo ezikhulile, abantwana abancinyane, nanoma ubani onenkinga yempilo engapheli ngesikhathi sezulu elishisayo. Ungalokothi ushiye abantwana noma izilwane ezimoto ezimi, ngisho nangokufushane.
Odokotela bahlonzwa ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga ngokuyinhloko ngokusekelwe ezingeni lokushisa lomzimba wakho nezimpawu, kanye nezimo ezaholela esimweni sakho. Izinga lokushisa lomzimba eliphezulu kuka-40°C elihlangene nezimpawu zezinzwa ngokuvamile liqinisekisa ukuxilongwa.
Abasebenzi bezempilo bazoma ngokunembile izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho nge-thermometer ye-rectal, enikeza ukufunda okunembile kakhulu kobushushu bomzimba. Ama-thermometer omhlathi noma ezindlebe awanembile uma umuntu eshisile kakhulu.
Udokotela wakho uzobuye ahlole isimo sakho sengqondo nokusebenza kwezinzwa. Ukushintsha kokwazi, ukuphazamiseka, noma ukuziphatha okungavamile kusikisela kakhulu ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga, ngisho noma izinga lokushisa lakho lingaphezulu kakhulu.
Izivivinyo zegazi zisiza ekuhlolweni kokuthi ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga kuthonye kanjani izingutsheni zakho. Lezi zivivinyo ziqapha ukusebenza kwamandla, amazinga ama-electrolyte, futhi zibheke izimpawu zokubola kwemisipha noma izinkinga zokugaya igazi.
Ezimweni ezithile, odokotela bangase bayalele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe njenge-X-rays yesifuba noma ama-CT scans ukuhlola izinhlanganisela. Kodwa-ke, ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuqala ngokushesha ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zezokwelapha kunokulinda imiphumela yokuhlolwa.
Ukwelashwa kokuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga kugxile ekupholiseni ngokushesha izinga lokushisa lomzimba wakho ngenkathi usekela izingutsheni zakho ezibalulekile. Zonke imizuzu ibalulekile, ngakho amaqembu ezempilo asebenza ngokushesha ukuvimbela ukonakala okungapheli.
Ukupholisa okukhulu kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu ekwelapheni ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga. Izipitali zisebenzisa izindlela eziningi zokwehlisa izinga lokushisa lakho ngokushesha:
Abasebenzi bezokwelapha bazophinde banike ukunakekelwa okusekela ukusisiza umzimba wakho ukuba umelane nokucindezeleka. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulandelela umjikelezo wenhliziyo yakho, ukuhlola igazi lakho, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola i-oksijini eyanele.
Uma izinhlanganisela zivele, ukwelashwa okwengeziwe kungase kudingeke. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise imithi yokuvikela izigwegwe, i-dialysis ngenxa yezinkinga zamandla, noma ukusekelwa kokuphefumula uma amaphaphu akho ethinteka.
Ukulandelela ukubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile kuqhubeka ngisho nangemva kokuba izinga lokushisa lakho libuyele esimweni esijwayelekile. Odokotela balandela izinhlanganisela ezilandelayo futhi baqinisekise ukuthi izingutsheni zakho zisebenza kahle ngaphambi kokukhishwa.
Uma uthi umuntu unawo ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga, isinyathelo esisheshayo singasindisa impilo yakhe. Shayela u-911 kuqala, bese uqala izinyathelo zokuphola ngenkathi ulinde abaphenduli bezimo eziphuthumayo ukuba bafike.
Yisa umuntu endaweni epholisa, emthunzini ngokushesha. Susa izingubo ezengeziwe bese uqala ukupholisa umzimba wakhe usebenzisa noma iyiphi indlela etholakalayo:
Landelela ukuphefumula kwakhe kanye nesimo sokukwazi ngokucophelela. Uma engakwazi ukuphefumula noma emisa ukuphefumula ngokujwayelekile, lungela ukwenza i-CPR kuze kube yilapho usizo oluphuthumayo lufika.
Unganiki amanzi emlonyeni uma umuntu egabha noma unemikhuba engavamile. Bangase bahlushwe noma bafake ulwelo emaphaphwini abo.
Qhubeka nemizamo yokuphola kuze kube yilapho abaphenduli bezimo eziphuthumayo bethatha noma isimo somuntu siphulukana ngokucacile. Ngisho noma bebona bephulukana, basadinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.
Uma ubona udokotela ngemva kwesifo esihlobene nokushisa, ukulungiselela kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okudingayo. Letha imininingwane ecacile yalokho okwenzekile nanoma yiziphi izimpawu eziqhubekayo ozibonile.
Bhala isikhathi sezinto ezaholela esifweni sakho sokushisa. Faka imininingwane ngezimo zezulu, imisebenzi yakho, ukuthi uphuze kangakanani, nokuthi izimpawu zivela nini.
Yenza uhlu lwemithi yonke nezinhlanganisela ozithatha njalo. Imithi ethile ikhuphula ingozi yokuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga, futhi udokotela wakho angase adinge ukulungisa ngesikhathi sezulu elishisayo.
Lungiselela imibuzo yokuvimbela izehlakalo zesikhathi esizayo. Buza ngezici zakho zengozi yomuntu siqu, izimpawu zokuqala okufanele uzilinde, nezinyathelo ezithile okufanele uzithathe ngesikhathi sezulu elishisayo.
Uma unezimpawu eziqhubekayo njengokukhathala, izinkinga zokukhumbula, noma ukungakwazi ukuzivocavoca ngemva kokuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga, qopha lokhu ngokucophelela. Ukubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile kungathatha isikhathi, futhi udokotela wakho udinga ukwazi ukuthi uqhubeka kanjani.
Ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga kuyisimo esiphuthumayo esinzima, kodwa futhi kuvame ukungavikeleki ngokwazi okuhle nokulungiselela. Ukuqonda izici zakho zengozi nokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele kungakusiza ukuthi ujabulele isimo sezulu esishisayo ngokuphepha.
Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga kudinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezokwelapha. Ungalokothi uzame ukuyiphatha ekhaya noma ulinde ukubona uma izimpawu ziphulukana zodwa.
Izindlela zokuvimbela njengokuhlala unamanzi anele, ukugwema amahora okushisa okukhulu, nokugqoka ngokufanele zisebenza kahle kakhulu. Abantu abaningi banganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yabo ngokwenza ukulungiswa okulula emikhwenyeni yabo yezulu elishisayo.
Uma unezimo ezikhuphula ingozi yakho yokuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga, sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuthuthukisa uhlelo oluqondene nokuphepha kokushisa. Le ndlela yokwenza izinto ngaphambi kwesikhathi ikusiza ukuba uhlale uphephile ngenkathi ugcina ikhwalithi yakho yokuphila ngesikhathi sezulu elishisayo.
Abantu abaningi abamukela ukwelashwa okusheshayo kokuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga baphila ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemiphumela ehlala njalo. Kodwa-ke, izimo ezinkulu noma ukwelashwa okulandelayo ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela ukonakala okungapheli kwezinzwa, izinkinga zamandla, noma ezinye izinhlanganisela zezingutsheni. Ukungenelela kwezokwelapha okusheshayo kuthuthukisa kakhulu amathuba akho okuphulukana ngokuphelele.
Isikhathi sokubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile sihluka kuye ngokukhulu nokuthi ukwelashwa kuqalile nini. Abantu abaningi bazizwa bephulukana ngaphakathi kwamahora angu-24-48, kodwa ukubuyela esimweni esijwayelekile ngokuphelele kungathatha izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya emaviki. Abanye abantu bahlushwa ukukhathala okuhlala njalo, ukuzwela kokushisa, noma ubunzima bokuzivocavoca amasonto amaningana ngemva kokuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga.
Yebo, ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga kungase kwenzeke ngaphakathi, ikakhulukazi emizini engenayo ukuphola komoya ngesikhathi sezulu elishisayo. Abantu abadala nabagulayo bayingozi kakhulu ekuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga okwenzeka ngaphakathi. Ukungabi bikho komoya, umswakama ophezulu, nokungabi khona kwezinhlelo zokuphola kungase kudale izimo ezingozi ezakhiweni.
Ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga kuyingozi kakhulu kunokuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga futhi kubonisa isimo esiphuthumayo ngempela. Ngenkathi ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga kuyisimo esinzima futhi sidinga ukunakekelwa, ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga kungabangela ukonakala okungapheli kwezingutsheni noma ukufa ngaphakathi kwamahora. Ukuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga ngokuvamile kuqhubekela ekuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga uma kungaphathwa kahle.
Ngeshwa, ukuba nokuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga kanye kukhuphula ingozi yezehlakalo zesikhathi esizayo. Isistimu yakho yokulawula ubushushu ingase ihlale ihlushwa ukushisa izinyanga noma iminyaka ngemva kwalokho. Abantu abake baba nokuqhaqhaqhazela kwelanga badinga ukuthatha izinyathelo ezengeziwe ngesikhathi sezulu elishisayo futhi bangase badinge isikhathi eside ukujwayela ukushisa.
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