Ukuthi yini i-Hepatitis A? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Hepatitis A iwumkhuhlane obangelwa yi-virus obangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi sakho. Kungolunye lwezihlobo ezivamile ze-hepatitis ye-viral, kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ivinjelwa ngokuphelele ngokuhlungwa futhi ngokuvamile iphela yodwa ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo wesikhathi eside.

Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo ze-hepatitis, i-hepatitis A ayenziwa ibe yisikhathi eside. Umuthi wakho ulwa nokutheleleka, futhi uma uphulukile, uthola ukuvikelwa okuphila kwakho konke. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuthola i-hepatitis A futhi, okududuza abantu abaningi ababenokukhathazeka ngokutheleleka kabusha.

Ukuthi yini i-Hepatitis A?

I-Hepatitis A ibangelwa yi-hepatitis A virus (HAV), ehlose ngokuqondile amangqamuzana esibindi sakho. Uma i-virus ingena emzimbeni wakho, ibangela ukuba isibindi sakho sivuvuke futhi siqine, okungathinta kahle isibindi sakho esisebenza ngokwesikhashana.

Isibindi sakho sifana nendawo ephambili yokucubungula umzimba wakho, sifihla izinto eziyingozi futhi sisize ekudayiseni. Uma i-hepatitis A ithinta, le mi sebenzi ingase ibe buthakathaka, okuholela ezimpawu ongazihlangabezana nazo. Ukuvuvukala kuyindlela yomzimba wakho yokulwa ne-virus.

Abantu abaningi baphulile ngokuphelele phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Isibindi sakho sinamandla okuziphilisa, futhi i-hepatitis A ayivamile ukubangela umonakalo ophakade uma ilawulwa kahle.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Hepatitis A?

Izimpawu ze-Hepatitis A zivame ukuvela emasontweni angu-2 kuya kwangu-6 ngemuva kokuba ukhombiswe yi-virus. Abantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi abantwana abancinyane, bangase bangabonisi zimpawu nhlobo, okwenza kube nzima ukuthola ukutheleleka kusenesikhathi.

Uma izimpawu zivele, zivame ukuqala kancane kancane futhi zingazizwa zifana nokuqabuka. Nazi izimpawu ezivamile umzimba wakho ongazihlangabezana nazo uma ulwa ne-hepatitis A:

• Ukukhathala nokukhathala okungavamile, ngisho nasemuva kokupumula
• Ukuphefumula nokugabha okungapheli
• Ukulahlekelwa ukudla, lapho ngisho nokudla okuthandayo kungakuthandi
• Ukuqabuka okuncane, ngokuvamile cishe ku-100-101°F (38-38.3°C)
• Ubuhlungu besisu, ikakhulukazi ngakwesokudla phezulu lapho isibindi sakho sihlala khona
• Umyisa omnyama obonakala njengotshani noma i-cola
• Izisu ezimhlophe noma ezimnyama
• I-Jaundice, ebangela ukuba isikhumba sakho nezinye amehlo akho zibe mnyama
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga nobuhlungu bemisipha emzimbeni wakho wonke

I-jaundice nomyisa omnyama ngokuvamile izimpawu ezishukumisa abantu ukuba bafune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, njengoba zibonakala kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba isibindi sakho esivuvukile asisebenzi i-bilirubin kahle, into emnyama eqina egazini lakho.

Izimpawu ngokuvamile zihlala isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga ezimbili, nakuba abanye abantu bengase bazizwe bekhathele futhi bebuthakathaka izinyanga eziningi njengoba umzimba wabo uqeda ukuphulukana. Lokhu kukhathala okwandayo kuyinto evamile futhi akusho ukuthi ukutheleleka kuya kubi.

Yini ebangela i-Hepatitis A?

I-Hepatitis A yasakazeka ngalokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi "indlela ye-fecal-oral." Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-virus idlula emathunjini omuntu othelelekile emlonyeni womunye umuntu, ngokuvamile ngokudla okungcolile, amanzi, noma ukusondelana eduze.

I-virus iqinile kakhulu futhi ingaphila ngaphandle komzimba izinyanga eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezibandayo. Nanka indlela ongaqhagela ngayo i-hepatitis A:

• Ukudla ukudla okulungiswe ngumuntu onayo i-hepatitis A futhi angazigezi izandla zakhe kahle
• Ukuphuza amanzi angcolile noma ukusebenzisa uqhwa oluenziwe ngamanzi angcolile
• Ukudla i-shellfish eluhlaza noma engaphekwe kahle ekuqoqwe emanzini angcolile
• Ukuba nokuthintana eduze nomuntu onayo i-hepatitis A, kufaka phakathi ukuxhumana ngokobulili
• Ukubambisana izinto zomuntu siqu njengezibuko zamahlombe noma izikhali nomuntu othelelekile
• Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokuzilibazisa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zifakwe noma cha, ngenxa yokungcola

Ukuhamba kwamanye amazwe emazweni anemihlambi emibi kukwandisa ingozi yakho kakhulu. I-virus ivame kakhulu emazweni asathuthuka lapho ukufinyelela emanzini acocekile nokwelashwa okuhle kokuthambisa kungase kube mncane.

Abantu banesifo esinamandla cishe amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zivele futhi phakathi nesonto lokuqala lesifo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu angasakaza i-virus ngisho noma eziva kahle, kungakho ukuqhuma kwenzeka ngokungaqondakali.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-Hepatitis A?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uthola izimpawu ezingase zibonise i-hepatitis A, ikakhulukazi uma usanda kuvezwa ezingozini. Ukusebenza kwezokwelapha kusenesikhathi kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukulandelela okuhle futhi kuvimbele ukuphazamiseka.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana ne-jaundice, ukuphefumula nokuhlanza okungapheli, noma ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu. Lezi zimpawu zidinga ukuhlolwa ngumuntu ochwepheshe ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa nokuqeda ezinye izimo.

Thola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uthola izimpawu zesifo esinzima, njengokudideka, ukukhathala okukhulu okuvimba imisebenzi yansuku zonke, noma izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi ngenxa yokugabha okungapheli. Nakuba kungavamile, lokhu kungase kubonise ukuphazamiseka okudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Uma wazi ukuthi ukhombiswe yi-hepatitis A ngokudla okungcolile, amanzi, noma ukusondelana eduze nomuntu othelelekile, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngisho nangaphambi kokuba izimpawu zivele. Izinyathelo zokuvikela ngemuva kokukhombiswa zisebenza kangcono uma ziqalwa phakathi kwamasonto amabili okukhombiswa.

Ziyini izingozi ze-Hepatitis A?

Izinto eziningi zingakwandisa amathuba akho okuthola i-hepatitis A, nakuba noma ubani angatheleleka yi-virus uma ekhombiswe. Ukuqonda lezi zingozi kusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele zesimo sakho.

Ingozi yakho ingase ibe phezulu uma ungena kunoma yikuphi kula maqembu:

• Ukuya noma ukuhlala emazweni anezinga eliphezulu le-hepatitis A, kufaka phakathi izingxenye zase-Afrika, e-Asia, e-Central nase-South America
• Ukusebenza kwezokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukunakekelwa kwabantwana, noma ukwelashwa kokuthambisa lapho ukukhombiswa khona kunokwenzeka kakhulu
• Ukuhlala noma ukuba nokuthintana eduze nomuntu onayo i-hepatitis A
• Ukuba nabalingani abaningi bobulili noma ukwenza ubulili besilisa
• Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokuzilibazisa, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zifakwe noma cha
• Ukuba nesifo sesibindi esikhathini eside, okukwenza ube sengozini kakhulu yokuphazamiseka
• Ukuba nesifo sokuhlanganisa igazi futhi uthola imikhiqizo yegazi njalo
• Ukuba ungenayo indawo yokuhlala noma ukuhlala ezindaweni ezikhukhumele ngokuthambisa okubi

Amadoda alala namadoda abhekene nengozi eyenziwe ngenxa yokuthintana kwe-fecal-oral ngesikhathi sokuthintana okuthandekayo. Lo mphakathi ngokuvamile uzuza ngezinhlelo zokuhlola eziqondiswe.

Abantwana abancinyane ezindaweni zokunakekelwa kwabantwana bangasakaza i-virus kalula, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokubonisa izimpawu zabo. Lokhu kungabangela ukuqhuma okuthinta imindeni nemiphakathi exhunyiwe esikhungweni sokukhuluphala.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke nge-Hepatitis A?

Iningi labantu liphulukana ne-hepatitis A ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwezinkinga zesikhathi eside. Noma kunjalo, ukuqonda izinkinga ezingase zenzeke kusiza ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyilinde futhi nini okufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okwengeziwe.

Izinkinga eziningi zingevamile, kodwa zivame kakhulu ezinhlwini ezithile zabantu. Nazi izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngezinye izikhathi:

• Izimpawu ezide ezihlala izinyanga ezingaphezu kweziyisithupha, zibangela ukukhathala nobuthakathaka obude
• I-Hepatitis A ephindaphindayo, lapho izimpawu zibuyela khona ngemuva kokuba zithuthukile
• Ukwehluleka kwesibindi okukhulu, okuyimfihlo kakhulu kodwa kungase kube yingozi eyingozi
• I-Cholestatic hepatitis, ebangela i-jaundice ende nokukhazimula
• Izinkinga zezinso ezimbalwa, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesimo sempilo esikade sikho

Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 nabantu abanesifo sesibindi esikade sikho babhekene nengozi enkulu yokuphazamiseka. Imithi yabo yokulwa nezifo ingase ibe nobunzima bokuhlanza i-virus, okuholela ekuguleni okukhulu noma okwexeshana.

Ukwehluleka kwesibindi okukhulu kuyinkinga enkulu kakhulu, nakuba kwenzeka kubantu abangaphansi kuka-1% labo abagula. Izimpawu zihlanganisa ukudideka, ukukhathala okukhulu, nokuhlukahluka ekuhlanganiseni igazi. Lokhu kudinga ukungena esibhedlela ngokushesha nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okukhulu.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngisho nalapho izinkinga zenzeka, abantu abaningi basaphulile ngokuphelele ngokusekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele. Iqembu lakho lezempilo lizokulandela eduze uma usengozini enkulu.

I-Hepatitis A ingavikeleka kanjani?

Ukuvimbela kuyasebenza kakhulu ekuvikeleni i-hepatitis A, futhi ukuhlungwa kunikeza isivikelo esinamandla kakhulu. Isihlungo se-hepatitis A siphephile, sisebenza, futhi sinikeza ukuvikelwa okuphila kwakho konke kubantu abaningi.

Isihlungo sicelwa kubantwana bonke abaneminyaka engu-12-23, ngomthamo wesibili ezinyangeni ezingu-6-18 kamuva. Abantu abadala abangazange bahlungwe njengabantwana kufanele bacabangele ukuhlungwa, ikakhulukazi uma bengazi izingozi.

Ngaphezu kokuhlola, ukuhlanzeka okulula kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokutheleleka:

• Geza izandla zakho ngokuphelele ngesepha namanzi, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokusebenzisa igumbi lokugezela nangaphambi kokudla
• Gwema ukuphuza amanzi eziphakamiso nokusebenzisa uqhwa uma uhamba emazweni anezingozi
• Dla ukudla okuphekwe ngokuphelele kuphela futhi ugweme i-shellfish eluhlaza noma engaphekwe kahle
• Hlule izithelo nemifino ngokwakho uma kungenzeka
• Gwema ukwabelana ngezinto zomuntu siqu njengezibuko zamahlombe, izikhali, noma izitsha zokudla
• Yenza ubulili obulondekile futhi ubeke umkhawulo enanini labalingani bakho bobulili

Uma uhamba kwamanye amazwe, cela iseluleko sodokotela wakho okungenani amasonto angu-4-6 ngaphambi kokuhamba. Bangaseluleka ukuthi udinga ukuhlungwa futhi banikeze izincomo ezithile zendawo oya kuyo.

Kubantu abakhombiswe yi-hepatitis A, ukuvikela ngemuva kokukhombiswa ngesihlungo noma i-immunoglobulin kungavimbela ukutheleleka uma kunikezwa phakathi kwamasonto amabili okukhombiswa. Lokhu kubalulekile ngokukhethekile kubantu abasekhaya nabalingani bobulili babantu abathelelekile.

I-Hepatitis A ixilongwa kanjani?

Ukuxilonga i-hepatitis A ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuhlolwa kwegazi okungathola i-virus noma impendulo yomzimba wakho kuyo. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokuxoxa ngezimpawu zakho nanoma yikuphi ukukhombiswa okungenzeka okungenzeka ube nakho.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi oluyinhloko kubheka ama-antibodies e-hepatitis A abizwa nge-IgM anti-HAV. La ma-antibodies avele egazini lakho uma une-infection esebenzayo. Imiphumela emihle iqinisekisa ukuthi unesifo se-hepatitis A.

Udokotela wakho uzobuye ahlole ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okwengeziwe. Lokhu kuyilinganisa ama-enzymes afana ne-ALT ne-AST avela egazini lakho lapho amangqamuzana esibindi elilimala. Amazinga aphezulu asisiza ukuqinisekisa ukuvuvukala kwesibindi.

Amazinga e-bilirubin azobuye alinganise, ikakhulukazi uma une-jaundice. Amazinga aphezulu e-bilirubin achaza ukuba mnyama kwesikhumba sakho namehlo, okuqinisekisa ukuthi isibindi sakho asisebenzi kahle le nto.

Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angase a-ode ukuhlolwa ukuqeda ezinye izimbangela zezimpawu zakho, njenge-hepatitis B noma C, noma ezinye izimo zesibindi. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu sesimo sakho esithile.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Hepatitis A kuyini?

Alukho ukwelashwa okuqondile kwe-antiviral kwe-hepatitis A ngoba umzimba wakho ungasusa ukutheleleka yodwa. Ukwelashwa kugxile ekulawuleni izimpawu nasekusekeleni umzimba wakho ngenkathi ulwa ne-virus.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzokuncoma ukuphumula nokugwema imisebenzi engase icindezele isibindi sakho. Lokhu kusho ukugwema utshwala ngokuphelele nokuqapha imithi esibindi sakho esiyisebenzisayo, kufaka phakathi i-acetaminophen.

Ukulawula izimpawu kuba yiyona nto ephambili yokunakekelwa:

• Ukuphumula okuningi ukuze usize umzimba wakho usebenze kahle
• Ukugcina umzimba wakho unamanzi, ikakhulukazi uma uhlangabezana nokuphefumula nokuhlanza
• Ukudla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile ukulawula ukungathandi ukudla
• Ukugwema ukudla okunemafutha okungase kukwenze ube nomkhuhlane
• Ukuthatha imithi kuphela njengoba kuvunyelwe udokotela wakho

Abantu abaningi bangaphulile ekhaya ngokunakekelwa okusekela. Noma kunjalo, izimo ezinzima zingase zidinga ukungena esibhedlela ngamanzi e-intravenous nokulandelela okuqonde kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ungakwazi ukugcina ukudla noma amanzi phansi.

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha intuthuko yakho ngokuqokwa okulandelayo nokuhlolwa kwegazi. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukusebenza kwesibindi sakho kuya kuthuthuka futhi kusiza ukuthola noma yikuphi ukuphazamiseka kusenesikhathi.

Ukuthi ungayilawula kanjani i-Hepatitis A ekhaya?

Ukukhathalela ekhaya kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuphulukiseni kwakho i-hepatitis A. Ukudala indawo yokusekela ukuphilisa kusiza umzimba wakho ukulwa nokutheleleka ngokuphumelelayo ngenkathi ulawula izimpawu ezingathandeki.

Ukuphumula kuyithuluzi lakho elibaluleke kakhulu lokuphulukisa. Hlela ukuthatha isikhathi emsebenzini noma esikoleni, futhi ungaziphoqi ukugcina amazinga ajwayelekile wemisebenzi. Umuthi wakho udinga amandla okuqeda i-virus.

Gxilisa ukunakekelwa ekudleni nasemanzini ngalezi zindlela eziwusizo:

• Dla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile esikhundleni sezintathu ezinkulu
• Khetha ukudla okulula, okulula ukukudayisa njenge-crackers, i-toast, nengqolowa
• Phuza amanzi amaningi acocekile, kufaka phakathi amanzi, itiye lezimila, nama-broths acocekile
• Gwema utshwala ngokuphelele kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho eqinisekisa ukuthi uphulukile
• Beka umkhawulo ekudleni okunemafutha, okunemafutha, noma okunoshukela okungase kukwenze ube nomkhuhlane

Ukulawula ukuphefumula kungase kube inselele, kodwa itiye le-ginger noma izongezo ze-ginger zingasiza. Ukudla ama-crackers omile ekuseni kungase futhi kuqede isisu sakho ngaphambi kokuba uzame ezinye izinto zokudla.

Gcina ulandelela izimpawu zakho futhi ubhale noma yikuphi ukwanda kokubi kunikeza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Qaphela ikakhulukazi ukudideka okwandayo, ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu, noma ukungakwazi ukugcina amanzi phansi ngaphezu kwamahora angu-24.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuvakasha kwakho kudokotela kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nokunakekelwa okufanele. Ukuqoqa ulwazi olufanele kusenesikhathi kwenza i-aphoyintimenti ibe yiyona ephumelelayo kuwe nakumhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, bhala izimpawu zakho nokuthi zaqala nini. Faka imininingwane ngokukhulu kwazo nanoma yiziphi izibonelo ozibonile, njengokuthi izimpawu zibi kakhulu ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku.

Lungela ukuxoxa ngemisebenzi yakho yakamuva nokukhombiswa okungenzeka:

• Ukuhamba kwakamuva, ikakhulukazi emazweni anemihlambi emibi
• Ukudla okuye wakudla, ikakhulukazi i-seafood noma ukudla okuvela ezindaweni zokudlela
• Ukuthintana eduze nanoma ubani owayengase abe gulu
• Umbhalo wakho wokuhlola, kufaka phakathi isihlungo se-hepatitis A
• Noma iyiphi imithi noma izongezo ozithatha njengamanje
• Imikhuba yakho yokusebenzisa utshwala

Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke, kufaka phakathi imithi yokuthengisa ngaphandle kokubhalwa komthamo nezongezo. Udokotela wakho udinga ukwazi konke okukuthatha ukuze ugweme ukusebenzisana futhi uqinisekise ukuthi akukho lutho olungase lukwenze ukuvuvukala kwesibindi kube kubi.

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ongakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi nokukunikeza ukwesekwa. Bangakusiza futhi ukukhumbula imiyalo yodokotela uma uzizwa ungaphili kahle.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu nge-Hepatitis A?

I-Hepatitis A iwumkhuhlane we-viral olawuleka, nakuba ungathandeki, ngokuvamile uqeda ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemiphumela yesikhathi eside. Iqiniso eliduduzayo kakhulu ukuthi uma uphulukile, uzothola ukuvikelwa okuphila kwakho konke ngokumelene ne-virus.

Ukuvimbela ngokuhlungwa kuhlala kuyisivikelo sakho esihle kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma unezingozi noma uhlela ukuya kwamanye amazwe. Isihlungo sisebenza kakhulu futhi sinikeza isivikelo eside kubantu abaningi.

Uma uthola i-hepatitis A, khumbula ukuthi ukunakekelwa okusekela nokubekezela kuyisihluthulelo sokuphulukisa. Abantu abaningi bazizwa bephilile kakhulu phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa, nakuba ukuphulukisa okuphelele kungathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa.

Hlala uxhumana nodokotela wakho phakathi nesifo sakho. Bangaqapha intuthuko yakho, baqondise noma yiziphi izinkinga, futhi bakuholele emisebenzini evamile ngokuphepha. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle nokuphumula, ungalindela ukuphulukisa okuphelele.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa nge-Hepatitis A

Ungathola i-hepatitis A ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa?

Cha, awukwazi ukuthola i-hepatitis A kabili. Uma uphulukile ngokutheleleka, umzimba wakho uthola isivikelo esiphila phakade ngokumelene ne-hepatitis A virus. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awusoze udinga ukukhathazeka ngokuthola i-hepatitis A futhi, ngisho noma ukhombiswe yi-virus esikhathini esizayo.

Uhlala isikhathi esingakanani unesifo se-hepatitis A?

Uhlala unesifo esinamandla cishe amasonto amabili ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zivele futhi phakathi nesonto lokuqala lesifo. Ngemuva kwesonto lokuqala lezimpawu, ukusakazeka kwakho kunciphisa kakhulu. Abantu abaningi abasalukhu banesifo ngemuva kwesonto elilodwa begula, nakuba abantwana bengase bahlale benesifo isikhathi eside.

Isihlungo se-hepatitis A siphephile yini ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

Isihlungo se-hepatitis A ngokuvamile sicatshangelwa siphephile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi uma usengozini enkulu yokukhombiswa. Noma kunjalo, kufanele uxoxe izinzuzo nezingozi nodokotela wakho. Uma uhlela ukukhulelwa, kungcono ukuhlungwa kusenesikhathi uma kungenzeka.

I-Hepatitis A ingabangela yini isifo sesibindi esikhathini eside?

Cha, i-hepatitis A ayenziwa ibe yisikhathi eside. Ngokungafani ne-hepatitis B ne-C, i-hepatitis A ihlala iyisifo esibuhlungu esisuswa umzimba wakho ngokuphelele. Nakuba ukuphulukisa kungathatha izinyanga eziningi, i-virus ayihlali emzimbeni wakho noma ibangela umonakalo wesibindi oqhubekayo.

Kufanele ngizihlukanise yini uma nginayo i-hepatitis A?

Kufanele ugweme ukusondelana nabanye, ikakhulukazi phakathi nesonto lokuqala lesifo lapho unesifo esinamandla. Hlala ekhaya emsebenzini noma esikoleni, ugweme ukulungiselela ukudla kwabanye, futhi wenze ukuhlanzeka okuhle kwezandla. Udokotela wakho uzokuncoma nini okuphephile ukubuyela emisebenzini evamile, ngokuvamile ngemuva kwesonto elilodwa lezimpawu.