Hepatitis B

I-Hepatitis B yisifo esinzima sesibindi esibangelwa yi-hepatitis B virus (HBV). Kubantu abaningi, i-hepatitis B isikhathi esifushane, ebizwa nangokuthi i-acute. I-Hepatitis B ebukhali ihlala isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Kodwa kwabanye, ukutheleleka kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha futhi kubizwa ngokuthi i-chronic. I-Hepatitis B eqhubekayo iphakamisa ingozi yokwehluleka kwesibindi, umdlavuza wesibindi nokulimala okukhulu kwesibindi okubizwa ngokuthi i-cirrhosis.

Abantu abadala abaningi abane-hepatitis B bayaphila kahle, ngisho noma izimpawu zabo zibi. Izingane ezincane nabantwana banesihle kakhulu sokuthola ukutheleleka kwe-hepatitis B virus okuhlala isikhathi eside.

Isifo sokuvikela singavimbela ukutheleleka yi-hepatitis B virus. Kulabo abathintekayo, ukwelashwa kuncike ekutheni ukutheleleka kuwukuthi akuyona i-acute noma i-chronic. Abanye abantu badinga imithi. Abanye abane-liver damage enkulu evela ekuthelelekeni okuqhubekayo badinga ukutshalwa kwesibindi. Uma uthintekile, ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuphepha ezithile kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalalisa i-virus kwabanye.

Izimpawu ze-hepatitis B ebukhali zihluka kusuka kokulula kuya kokubalulekile. Izimpawu ngokuvamile ziqala ngenyanga ezi-1 kuya kwezi-4 ngemuva kokuba usuthelelwe yi-HBV. Kodwa ungase uzibone ngokushesha njengoba nje ezinsukwini ezimbili ngemuva kokuba usuthelelwe. Abanye abantu abane-hepatitis B ebukhali noma eyisikhathi eside bangase bangabi nazimpawu, ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane. Izimpawu ze-hepatitis B zingafaka: Ubuhlungu endaweni yesisu, okuthiwa futhi yi-abdomen.Urin olukhanyayo.Ukuthuthumela.Ubuhlungu bezingqondo.Ukwehluleka kokudla.Isisu esiphazamisekile nokugabha.Ubuthakathaka nokuqeda amandla.I-Jaundice, okuyikukhanya komhlophe wamehlo nesikhumba. Kuye ngombala wesikhumba, lushintsho lungase lube nzima noma kube lula ukulubona. Uma wazi ukuthi ukhombiswe yi-hepatitis B virus, shayela ochwepheshe bakho bezempilo ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo kunganciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka uma uthola ukwelashwa phakathi namahora angu-24 ngemuva kokukhombiswa yi-virus. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu ze-hepatitis B, shayela ochwepheshe bakho bezempilo.

Uma wazi ukuthi ukhombiswe yi-virus ye-hepatitis B, shayela udokotela wakho ngokushesha. Ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo kunganciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka uma uthola ukwelashwa phakathi namahora angu-24 emva kokukhombiswa yi-virus. Uma ucabanga ukuthi unezimpawu ze-hepatitis B, shayela udokotela wakho.

I-Hepatitis B ibangelwa yi-hepatitis B virus (HBV). I-virus idlulela kubantu ngegazi, i-semen noma ezinye izinto ezivela emzimbeni. Ayisabalali ngokuphefumula noma ukukhokha.

Izindlela ezivamile zokuthi i-HBV isabalale yilezi:

• Ukuhlangana kobulili. Ungathola i-hepatitis B uma uhlangana noxhumana nomuntu onayo futhi ungayisebenzisi i-condom. I-virus ingangena emzimbeni wakho uma igazi, umalume, i-semen noma izinto ezivela esiphundu somuntu zingena emzimbeni wakho.
• Ukubambisana kwezinzipho. I-HBV isabalala kalula ngezinzipho kanye neziqandama ezigcwele igazi elinayo. Ukubambisana nezinto ezisetshenziswa ekugxiliseni izidakamizwa ezingamthetho kukuveza engozini enkulu ye-hepatitis B.
• Ukugwazwa kwezinzipho ngengozi. I-Hepatitis B iyinkinga kubasebenzi bezempilo nanoma ubani ohlangana negazi lomuntu.
• Ukuthola i-virus kusuka kunina obelethayo kuya engane. Abantu abakhulelwe abane-HBV bangayidlulisela i-virus ezinganeni zabo ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Kodwa-ke ingane entsha ingatholwa isithombe sokuvikela ukutheleleka ezimweni eziningi. Xoxa nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuhlolwa kwe-hepatitis B uma ukhulelwe noma ufuna ukukhulelwa.

Ukutheleleka kwe-HBV kungaba mfushane, okuthiwa yi-acute. Noma kungathatha isikhathi eside, okuthiwa yi-chronic.

• Ukutheleleka kwe-HBV okuyi-acute kuthatha isikhathi esingaphansi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela cishe ingasusa i-hepatitis B virus emzimbeni wakho. Kufanele uphulukiswe ngokuphelele phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa. Abantu abaningi abatholakala be-HBV njengabantu abadala bane-acute infections. Kodwa-ke lezi zingabangela i-chronic infections.
• Ukutheleleka kwe-HBV okuyi-chronic kuthatha izinyanga eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu. Kuhlala njalo ngoba uhlelo lokukhusela olukhulu alukwazi ukulwa nokutheleleka. Ukutheleleka kwe-hepatitis B virus okuyi-chronic kungathatha impilo yonke. Kungabangela izifo ezinkulu njenge-cirrhosis nomdlavuza welapunga. Abanye abantu abane-hepatitis B eyi-chronic abanawo nhlobo izimpawu. Abanye bangaba nokuqeda amandla okuqhubeka kanye nezimpawu ezilula ze-hepatitis eyi-acute.

Lapho uthola i-hepatitis B ubusencane, ingozi yokuba isimo sibe yi-chronic iphakama. Lokho kuyiqiniso ikakhulu kubantwana abasanda kuzalwa noma abangaphansi kweminyaka emi-5. I-hepatitis B eyi-chronic ingase ingatholakali amashumi eminyaka kuze kube yilapho umuntu egula kakhulu ngenxa yesifo selapunga.

I-viralisi le-hepatitis B iyasakazeka ngokuxhumana negazi, i-semen noma ezinye izinto ezivela emzimbeni zomuntu olapheke. Ingozi yakho yokutheleleka yi-HBV iyanda uma:

• Uyawenza ubulili ngaphandle kwe-kondomu nabalingani abaningi bobulili noma nomuntu olaphekile yi-HBV.
• Uhlanganyela izimpumputhe ngesikhathi sokusebenzisa izidakamizwa ezifakwa emithanjeni.
• Uzelwe ngowesilisa futhi ubulili nabesilisa.
• Uhlala nomuntu onokutheleleka okuqhubekayo kwe-HBV.
• Ungumntwana owazalwa umama olaphekile.
• Une umsebenzi ovula igazi lomuntu.
• Une-hepatitis C noma i-HIV.
• Uthola ukwelashwa kwe-dialysis.
• Ukuvalelwe emajele noma uke wavalelwa emajele.
• Udinga ukusebenzisa imithi engaphazamisa isimiso somzimba, njenge-chemotherapy.
• Uhamba emazweni anezinga eliphezulu lokutheleleka kwe-HBV, njenge-Asia, iziqhingi zasePacific, i-Afrika neMpumalanga Yurophu.

Ukuba ne-HBV ebambe isikhathi eside kungabangela izimo zezempilo ezingathi sína ezibizwa ngokuthi yizinkinga. Lezi zihlanganisa: Ukwenzakala kwesibindi, okubizwa nangokuthi i-cirrhosis. Ukukhuluphala okubizwa ngokuthi ukuvuvukala kuhambisana ne-hepatitis B. Ukuvuvukala kungabangela i-cirrhosis engase ivimbele isibindi ekusebenzeni njengoba kufanele.Ukulimala kwesibindi. Abantu abane-hepatitis B ebambe isikhathi eside banengozi enkulu yokuhlaselwa yisibindi.Ukwehluleka kwesibindi. Ukwehluleka kwesibindi okusheshayo yisimo lapho imisebenzi ebalulekile yesibindi iyeka khona ukusebenza. Uma lokho kwenzeka, kudingeka ukufakelwa kwesibindi ukuze uqhubeke uphila.Ukuwanda okungazelelwe kwamanani e-hepatitis B virus. Kubantu abathile abane-hepatitis B ebambe isikhathi eside, amazinga e-virus aphansi noma awakaze atholakale ngamavivinyo. Uma i-virus iqala ukwenza amakhophi azo ngokushesha, amavivinyo angabona lokhu kuphuma noma athole i-virus. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukuvuselelwa kwe-virus. Kungabangela ukonakala kwesibindi noma ngisho nokuhluleka kwesibindi.Ukuvuselelwa kuvamise ukubathinta abantu abanasistimu yokuthola amandla ebuthakathaka, okubizwa nangokuthi izistimu zokuthola amandla ezicindezelwe. Lokhu kuhlanganisa abantu abasebenzisa imithi ebuthakathaka isimiso sokuvikela, njenge-corticosteroids ezingaphezulu noma i-chemotherapy. Ngaphambi kokuthatha le miyeke, kufanele uhlolwe i-hepatitis B. Uma ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ukuthi une-hepatitis B, bheka ochwepheshe besibindi obizwa ngokuthi yi-hepatologist ngaphambi kokuthi uqale le miyeke.Ezinye izimo. Abantu abane-hepatitis B ebambe isikhathi eside bangathuthukisa isifo sesibindi noma ukuvuvukala kwezitho zegazi.

Isifo se-hepatitis B, isivini esiyinhloko sokuvimbela ukutheleleka yi-HBV. Isivini sinikezwa njengezigaxa ezimbili ngenyanga, noma izigaxa ezintathu noma ezine ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Inani lezigaxa ozitholayo lixhomeke uhlobo lwesivini se-hepatitis B olunikezwa. Awukwazi ukuthola i-hepatitis B esivinini. E-United States, i-Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices iphakamisa ukuthi izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zithole isixa sokuqala sesivini ngemuva kokuzalwa. Uma ungazange utholakale njengengane noma umntwana, ikomiti isaluleka isivini kubo bonke abantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-59. Uma uneminyaka engu-60 noma ngaphezulu futhi awukawutholi, thola isivini uma usesingothini lokudalulwa yi-hepatitis B. Abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-60 abangakaqothulwa futhi abangenasingothini olukhulu bangakhetha ukuthola isivini. Isivini se-hepatitis B sinconywa kakhulu:

• Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa.
• Abantwana nabasakhulayo abangazange bavakasinwe ekuzalweni.
• Labo abasebenza noma abahlala ezikhungweni zabantu abane-developmental disabilities.
• Abantu abahlala nomuntu onayo i-hepatitis B.
• Abasebenzi bezempilo, abasebenzi bezimo eziphuthumayo nabanye abantu abathinteka negazi.
• Noma ubani onayo i-sexually transmitted infection, kufaka phakathi i-HIV.
• Abantu abazalwe besilisa abalala nabesilisa.
• Abantu abaneqabane le-sex eziningi.
• Iqabane le-sex lomuntu onayo i-hepatitis B.
• Abantu abagcoba izidakamizwa zomgwaqo noma abahlanganyela izimpumputhe nezinsimbi zokugcoba.
• Abantu abane-chronic liver disease.
• Abantu abane-end-stage kidney disease.
• Abahambi abahlela ukuya endaweni yezwe enesilinganiso esiphezulu sokutheleleka yi-HBV. Ezinye izindlela zokunciphisa ingozi yakho yokutheleleka yi-hepatitis B virus zifaka:
• Yazi isimo se-HBV sawo wonke iqabane le-sex. Ungalali ubulili ngaphandle kwe-condom ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi iqabane lakho alinayo i-hepatitis B noma enye i-sexually transmitted infection.
• Sebenzisa i-condom entsha ye-latex noma i-polyurethane njalo lapho ubulili uma ungazi isimo sempilo seqabane lakho. Ama-condoms anganciphisa ingozi yakho yokubamba i-HBV, kodwa awasusi ingozi ngokuphelele.
• Ungasebenzisi izidakamizwa zomgwaqo. Uma usebenzisa izidakamizwa, thola usizo lokuyeka. Uma ungakwazi ukuyeka, sebenzisa i-needle ehlanzekile njalo lapho ugcwaba izidakamizwa. Ungalokothi uhlanganyele izimpumputhe.
• Qaphela ngokugoqa umzimba nokuthinta. Uma ufuna ukugoqa noma ukuthinta, funa isitolo esidumile. Buza ngendlela imishini ehlanziwe ngayo. Qiniseka ukuthi abasebenzi basebenzisa izimpumputhe ezihlanzekile. Uma ungakwazi ukuthola izimpendulo, funa enye isitolo.
• Buza ngesivini se-hepatitis B ngaphambi kokuhamba. Uma uhamba endaweni lapho i-hepatitis B ivame khona, buza ochwepheshe bezempilo bakho ngesivini se-hepatitis B kusengaphambili. Ngokuvamile sinikezwa ngochungechunge lwezigaxa ezintathu phakathi nenkathi yenyanga eziyisithupha.

Ukuxilongwa kuhilela izinyathelo odokotela bakho abazithatha ukuthola ukuthi ukhona yini isifo se-hepatitis B. Udokotela wakho uyakuhlola ngokomzimba futhi abuke izimpawu zomonakalo welapunga. Lezi zimpawu zingafaka ukukhanya kwesikhumba nobuhlungu besisu. Izivivinyo ezingasiza ekuxilongweni kwe-hepatitis B noma izinkinga zayo yilezi: Izivivinyo zegazi. Izivivinyo zegazi zingabona i-hepatitis B virus emzimbeni wakho. Zingabuye zitshele udokotela wakho uma ukutheleleka kukhulu noma kuyisikhathi eside. Uvivinyo oluqondile lwegazi lungathola nokuthi uvikelekile yini kuleli gciwane. I-ultrasound yelapunga. I-ultrasound ekhethekile ebizwa nge-transient elastography ingabonisa inani lomonakalo welapunga. Ukukhipha isampula yelapunga. Udokotela wakho angakhipha isampula encane yelapunga lakho ukuze ayihlole ukuze ahlole umonakalo welapunga. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukukhipha isampula yelapunga. Ngalesi sivivinyo, udokotela wakho ufake inhlanzi encane esikhunwini sakho bese uya elapungeni lakho. Inhlanzi ikhipha isampula yethishu ukuze ilabhorethri ihlole. Ukucubungula abantu abaphilile be-hepatitis B Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bahlola abantu abaphilile be-hepatitis B. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukucubungula. Ukucubungula kwenziwa ngoba i-HBV ingalimaza ilapunga ngaphambi kokuba ukutheleleka kubangele izimpawu. Xoxa nodokotela wakho mayelana nokucubungula i-hepatitis B uma: Ukhulelwe. Uhlala nomuntu onayo i-hepatitis B. Uneqabane lezesondo eliningi. Ubunebulili nomuntu onayo i-hepatitis B. Wazalwa uyisilisa futhi ubunebulili namadoda. Unembali yokutheleleka ngocansi. Une-HIV noma i-hepatitis C. Unevivinyo le-enzyme yelapunga elinaziphumo ezingaqondakali. Uthola i-kidney dialysis. Uthatha imithi ecindezela isimiso somzimba, njengaleyo esetshenziswa ukuvimbela ukuphika emva kokufakwa kwelungu. Usebenzisa izidakamizwa ezithathwa ngenhlanzi. Usesentolongweni. Wazalwa ezweni lapho i-hepatitis B ivame khona, okuhlanganisa i-Asia, iziqhingi zasePacific, i-Afrika neMpumalanga Yurophu. Unebazali noma abantwana abamukelekile emadolobheni lapho i-hepatitis B ivame khona, okuhlanganisa i-Asia, iziqhingi zasePacific, i-Afrika neMpumalanga Yurophu. Olunye Ulwazi Ukukhipha isampula yelapunga Izivivinyo zomsebenzi welapunga

Ukwelapha ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-HBV ngemva kokubekwa engcupheni Uma wazi ukuthi ukhombwe yi-hepatitis B virus, shayela ochwepheshe bezempilo ngokushesha. Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi uqanjwe yini i-hepatitis B. Uchwepheshe wezempilo uyakubuza ukuthi ukhombwe nini nohlobo luni lokukhombwa okwakukhona. Imithi ebizwa ngokuthi yi-immunoglobulin ingasiza ekuvikeleni ekuthola ukugula yi-hepatitis B. Udinga ukuthola isilinganiso semithi phakathi namahora angu-24 ukukhombwa yi-hepatitis B virus. Lokhu ukwelapha kupha nje isivikelo yesikhathi esifushane. Ngakho-ke kufanele uthole i-hepatitis B vaccine ngesikhathi esifanayo uma awukaze uyithole. Ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwe-HBV okuqhakazile Awudingi ukwelashwa ngokutheleleka kwe-hepatitis B virus okuqhakazile. Ukutheleleka kufushane futhi ngokuvamile kuyahamba ngokwalo. Uchwepheshe wezempilo angase acebise: Ukuphumula. Ukudla okufanele. Amanzi amaningi. Ukulandelela eduze ngenkathi umzimba wakho ulwa nokutheleleka. Uma izimpawu zakho zinzima, ungadinga imithi yokulwa ne-antiviral noma ukuhlala esibhedlela ukuvimbela izinkinga. Ukwelapha ukutheleleka kwe-HBV okuqhubekayo Abantu abaningi abane-hepatitis B virus infection okuqhubekayo badinga ukwelashwa impilo yabo yonke. Isinqumo sokuqala ukwelapha siyancika ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi ukuthi: I-virus ibangele ukuvuvukala noma ukwenzakala kwesibindi, okuthiwa yi-cirrhosis. Unezinye izifo, njenge-hepatitis C noma i-HIV. Isistimu yakho yokuvimba umzimba iyancipha ngemithi noma ukugula. Ukwelapha kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yesifo sesibindi futhi kuvimbele ukudlulisa ukutheleleka kwabanye. Ukwelapha i-hepatitis B okuqhubekayo kungafaka: Imithi ye-antiviral. Imithi eminingi ye-antiviral ingasiza ekuqedeni i-virus nokuthambisa ikhono layo lokwenzakalisa isibindi sakho. Le mithi ihlanganisa i-entecavir (Baraclude), i-tenofovir (Viread), i-lamivudine (Epivir) ne-adefovir (Hepsera). Uyawuthatha ngomlomo, ngokuvamile isikhathi eside. Uchwepheshe wakho wezempilo angase acebise ukuhlanganisa imithi emibili kule. Noma uchwepheshe wezempilo angase abeke ukuthi uthathe enye yale mithi ne-interferon ukuthuthukisa impendulo yokwelapha. Izithombe ze-Interferon. I-Interferon inguqulo eyenziwe yi-lab yesigaba esenziwa umzimba ukuze ulwe nokutheleleka. Lo mthombo wemithi uhlanganisa i-peginterferon alfa-2a (Pegasys). Inzuzo eyodwa yezithombe ze-interferon iwukuthi zithathwa isikhathi esifushane kakhulu kunokuthi imithi ye-antiviral yomlomo. Kodwa-ke i-interferon inezinkinga eziningi, njengokuphazamiseka kwesisu, ukugabha, ukuhlupheka ekuphefumula nokucindezeleka. I-Interferon ikakhulukazi isebenza kubantu abasebasha abane-hepatitis B abafuna ukungadingi ukwelashwa isikhathi eside. Isetshenziswa nabafazi abangase bafune ukukhulelwa phakathi kweminyaka embalwa. Abafazi kufanele basebenzise ukuvimbela ukukhulelwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-interferon. Ungayithathi i-interferon ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. I-Interferon ayilungile kubantu abane-cirrhosis noma i-acute liver failure. Ukuhlinzwa kwesibindi. Uma isibindi sakho silimale kakhulu, ukuhlinzwa kwesibindi kungaba yindlela. Ngesikhathi sokuxilongwa kwesibindi, udokotela ukhumula isibindi sakho esilimele bese usibeka esinempilo. Izibindi eziningi ezixilongwe zitholakala kubanikazi abafile. Inani elincane livela kubanikazi abaphilayo abanika ingxenye yezibindi zabo. Eminye imithi yokwelapha i-hepatitis B iyakhiqizwa. Ulwazi Olwengeziwe Ukuhlinzwa kwesibindi Cela i-aphoyintimenti Kukhona inkinga ngolwazi oluvezwe ngezansi bese uthumela ifomu kabusha. Thola ulwazi lwakamuva lwezempilo kusuka eMayo Clinic oluthunyelwe ebhokisini lakho le-imeyili. Bhalisa mahhala bese uthola umhlahlandlela wakho ojulile ngesikhathi. Chofoza lapha ukuze uthole i-imeyili yokubuka kuqala. Ikheli le-imeyili Iphutha Ibhokisi le-imeyili liyadingeka Iphutha Faka ikheli le-imeyili elifanele Ikheli 1 Bhalisa Funda kabanzi ngokusetshenziswa kwe-Mayo Clinic idatha. Ukuze sikunikeze ngolwazi olufanele kakhulu nolusizo, nokuqonda ukuthi yiluphi ulwazi olusizo, singahlanganisa i-imeyili yakho nolwazi lokusetshenziswa kwewebhusayithi nolunye ulwazi esinalo ngawe. Uma ungumguli we-Mayo Clinic, lokhu kungafaka ulwazi oluvikelwe lwezempilo. Uma sihlanganisa lolu lwazi nolwazi lwakho oluvikelwe lwezempilo, sizophatha lonke lolu lwazi njengolwazi oluvikelwe lwezempilo futhi sizosebenzisa noma sizokwembula lolu lwazi kuphela njengoba kuchazwe esazisweni sethu semikhuba yobumfihlo. Ungakhetha ukungathumeli i-imeyili nganoma yisiphi isikhathi ngokuqhafaza isixhumanisi sokuyeka ukubhalisa kwi-imeyili. Siyabonga ngokubhalisa Umhlahlandlela wakho ojulile wezempilo yokugaya uzoba ebhokisini lakho le-imeyili maduze. Uzophinde uthole ama-imeyili kusuka eMayo Clinic ngezindaba zakamuva zezempilo, ucwaningo, nokunakekelwa. Uma ungayitholi i-imeyili yethu ngaphakathi kwemizuzu emi-5, hlola ifolda yakho ye-SPAM, bese usithinta [email protected]. Uxolo, kukhona okuphuthumayo ngokubhalisa kwakho Sicela uzame futhi ngemizuzu embalwa Uzama kabusha

Uma une-hepatitis B, lezi zeluleko zingakusiza ukuba ubhekane nayo: Funda nge-hepatitis B. I-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention iyindawo enhle okumele uqale kuyo. Hlala uxhumene nabangane nomndeni wakho. Awukwazi ukusabalalisa i-hepatitis B ngokuxhumana okuvamile, ngakho ungazihlukanisi nabantu abangakunika ukwesekwa. Gcina uzinakekele. Dla ukudla okunempilo okuqukethe izithelo nemifino, qeqesha umzimba njalo, futhi uthole ukulala okwanele. Nakekela isibindi sakho. Ungaphuzi utshwala noma uthathe imithi emisha ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala. Hlolwa ukuthi une-hepatitis A ne-C. Gcoba i-hepatitis A uma ungakaze ukhululelwe.