Ukuthi yini i-Hepatitis B? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Hepatitis B iwumkhuhlane obangelwa yi-virus ohlukanisa isibindi sakho, obangela ukuvuvukala okungaba buthakathaka noma okukhulu. Lolu hlobo oluvamile lomkhuhlane luthinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele, futhi nakuba kuzwakala kukhulu, abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngenxa yokunakekelwa okuhle nokulandelela.

I-virus ye-hepatitis B yasakazeka ngokuthintana negazi nezinye izinto zomzimba ezine-virus. Abanye abantu bayaluqeda ngokwabo lolu hlobo lomkhuhlane ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, kanti abanye bathuthukisa isimo eside esidinga ukunakekelwa okungapheli kwempilo.

Ukuthi yini i-Hepatitis B?

I-Hepatitis B ibangelwa yi-virus ye-hepatitis B (HBV), ehlose ngokuqondile amangqamuzana esibindi. Uma i-virus ingena esibindini sakho, iqhuba isimiso sakho sokuvikela ukulwa, ibangele ukuvuvukala.

Lolu vuvukala empeleni yindlela yomzimba wakho yokuzivimbela. Kodwa-ke, uma ukuvuvukala kuqhubeka isikhathi eside kakhulu, kungalimaza inyama yesibindi esempilweni ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lolu hlobo lomkhuhlane luza ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko. I-Hepatitis B ebukhali iwumkhuhlane wesikhashana ovame ukuphela ngaphambi kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. I-Hepatitis B eqhubekayo iwumkhuhlane oqhubekayo isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinyanga eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Hepatitis B?

Abantu abaningi abane-hepatitis B abanawo noma yimiphi impawu ekuqaleni, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni zokuqala. Uma izimpawu zivele, zivame ukuvela kancane kancane ezinyangeni ezimbalwa.

Nazi izimpawu ezivamile ongaziqaphela:

• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka obungapheli ngisho nalapho ukhona
• Ukwehluleka kokudla nokuphefumula
• Ubuhlungu besisu, ikakhulukazi ngakwesokudla phezulu lapho isibindi sakho sihlala khona
• Ukuphenduka kombala wesikhumba namehlo (jaundice)
• Urin ebomvu
• Izisu ezimhlophe noma ezimnyama
• Ubuhlungu bamalunga nobuhlungu bemisipha
• Ukuvuvukala okuncane

Lezi zimpawu zingazwakala zifana ne-influenza, kungakho i-hepatitis B ngezinye izikhathi ingaqapheli ekuqaleni. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukuba nezimpawu akusho ukuthi unecala elibi.

Abanye abantu baye baba nezimpawu ezilula kakhulu eziya futhi ziye, kanti abanye bangazizwa begula kakhulu amasonto amaningana. Impendulo yomzimba wakho ixhomeke ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi impilo yakho jikelele namandla esistimu yakho yokuvimbela.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-Hepatitis B?

I-Hepatitis B ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe ekutheni isikhathi eside kangakanani ukutheleleka. Ukuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olukhona kuzokusiza udokotela wakho ukuhlela indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu.

I-hepatitis B ebukhali iwukutheleleka okuqala okuvela phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha zokuqala ngemuva kokubekwa. Abantu abadala abaningi abaphilile abathuthukisa i-hepatitis B ebukhali bayaphila ngokuphelele futhi bathuthukisa ukuvikelwa okuphila konke ngokumelene ne-virus.

I-hepatitis B eqhubekayo ivele lapho isimiso sakho sokuvikela singakwazi ukuqeda i-virus phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha. Lolu hlobo lomkhuhlane oluqhubekayo ludinga ukulandelelwa okuqhubekayo futhi lungadinga ukwelashwa ukuvimbela ukulimala kwesibindi.

Amathuba okuthuthukisa i-hepatitis B eqhubekayo ahlanganiswe kakhulu nobudala bakho lapho utheleleka khona. Izingane ezincane zinethuba elingu-90% lokuthuthukisa ukutheleleka okuqhubekayo, kanti abantu abadala abaningi bayaluqeda ngokwemvelo i-virus.

Yini ebangela i-Hepatitis B?

I-Hepatitis B yasakazeka ngokuthintana ngqo negazi, i-semen, noma ezinye izinto zomzimba ezine-virus. I-virus iqinile kakhulu futhi ingaphila ngaphandle komzimba okungenani izinsuku eziyisikhombisa.

Ake sibheke izindlela ezivamile abantu abathinteka ngazo:

• Ukuhlangana kobulili nomuntu othintekile
• Ukwabelana ngezindlela, iziphuzo, noma olunye uqobo lwezidakamizwa
• Kusuka kunina kuya engwaneni ngesikhathi sokubeletha
• Ukwabelana ngezinto zomuntu siqu njenge-razors noma amabhrashi amazinyo nomuntu othintekile
• Ukugoqa okungahlosiwe kwezinsimbi ezisetshenziswa ekunakekelweni kwempilo
• Ukuthola imidwebo noma ukugoqa umzimba ngezinto ezingcolile

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-hepatitis B ayisakazeki ngokuthintana okuvamile. Awukwazi ukuyithola ngokuqabulana, ukusangana, ukwabelana ngokudla, ukukhokha, noma ukufunga.

I-virus ayisakazeki ngokuncelisa, nakuba omama abathintekile kufanele bathathe izinyathelo zokuvikela izingane zabo. Ukuqonda ukuthi isakazeka kanjani kusiza ukunciphisa ukukhathazeka okungadingekile ngezinto zansuku zonke.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela nge-Hepatitis B?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uthuthukisa izimpawu ezingabonisa i-hepatitis B, ikakhulukazi uma wazi ukuthi ukhombiswe i-virus. Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokulandelela kungenza umehluko omkhulu ephuthweni lakho.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwezokwelapha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinkulu njengobuningi obukhulu besisu, ukugabha okuqhubekayo, noma izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi. Ukuphenduka kombala wesikhumba noma amehlo nakho kudinga ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwezokwelapha.

Ungalindi uma ucabanga ukuthi ukhombiswe i-hepatitis B nganoma iyiphi indlela okukhulunywe ngayo ngaphambili. Udokotela wakho angenza ukuhlolwa futhi akuxoxele ngezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kangcono uma ziqalwa ngokushesha ngemuva kokubekwa.

Ukuhlola okuvamile kuba kubaluleke kakhulu uma uxilongwe nge-hepatitis B eqhubekayo. Udokotela wakho uzolandelela umsebenzi wesibindi sakho futhi abheke noma yiziphi izimpawu zezinkinga ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ziyini izinto ezingasongela i-Hepatitis B?

Isimo esithile nokuziphatha kungandisa amathuba akho okuthola i-hepatitis B. Ukuba nomqondo walo mkhuba kuzokusiza wenze izinqumo ezifanele mayelana nokuvimbela nokuhlola.

Nazi izinto eziyinhloko ezingasongela okufanele uzicabangele:

• Ukuba nabalingani abaningi bobulili noma ubulili obungavikelekile
• Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokugoqa noma ukwabelana ngezinto zezidakamizwa
• Ukuhlala nomuntu onayo i-hepatitis B eqhubekayo
• Ukusebenza kwezokunakekelwa kwempilo noma ukuphepha komphakathi
• Ukuhamba ezindaweni lapho i-hepatitis B ivame khona
• Ukuba ku-dialysis
• Ukuba ne-HIV noma ezinye izimo ezibuthakathaka isimiso sakho sokuvikela
• Ukuzalwa kunina onayo i-hepatitis B

Izici zezwe nakho zidlalela indima, njengoba i-hepatitis B ivame kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezithile zezwe, kufaka phakathi ezingxenyeni zase-Asia, e-Afrika, naseziqhingini zasePacific. Uma uvela kulezi zindawo noma uhamba khona njalo, ingozi yakho ingaba phezulu.

Ukuba nezinto ezingasongela akusho ukuthi uzokuthola i-hepatitis B. Abantu abaningi abanezinto ezingasongela abathinteki, ikakhulukazi uma bathatha izinyathelo ezifanele njengokugoca.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-Hepatitis B?

Abantu abaningi abane-hepatitis B ebukhali bayaphila ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwanoma yiziphi izinkinga zesikhathi eside. Kodwa-ke, i-hepatitis B eqhubekayo ngezinye izikhathi ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zesibindi eminyakeni eminingi.

Izinkinga eziyinhloko okufanele uzazi zihlanganisa:

• Ukulimala kwesibindi (cirrhosis), okungalimaza umsebenzi wesibindi
• Ukwehluleka kwesibindi, nakuba lokhu kuyincasa
• Umkhuhlane wesibindi, ovela kwiphesenti elincane labantu abane-infection eqhubekayo
• Izinkinga zezinkalweni kwezinye izimo
• Ukuvuvukala kwamagagasi egazi

Lezi zinkinga ngokuvamile zithuthuka kancane eminyakeni eminingi, hhayi izinyanga noma iminyaka. Ukulandelela okuvamile kuvumela udokotela wakho ukuthi abambe noma yiziphi izinkinga ekuqaleni lapho zitholakala khona.

Ingozi yezinkinga ihluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Abantu abaningi abane-hepatitis B eqhubekayo baphila impilo evamile, enempilo ngaphandle kokuthuthukisa izinkinga ezinkulu zesibindi.

I-Hepatitis B ingavikeleka kanjani?

Isigodi se-hepatitis B siyisivikelo sakho esihle kakhulu ngokumelene nalolu hlobo lomkhuhlane. Lolu godi oluvikelekile nelisebenza kahle lunikeza ukuvikelwa okuphila isikhathi eside kubantu abaningi abaqeda uchungechunge oluphelele.

Isigodi ngokuvamile sinikezwa njengochungechunge lwezithombe ezintathu ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Kunconywa kuzo zonke izingane ezincane, izingane, nabantu abadala abangaka goci.

Ngaphezu kokugcoba, unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokwenza ukuziphatha okuvikelekile. Sebenzisa ama-condoms ngesikhathi sobulili, ungalokothi wabelane ngezindlela noma izinto zomuntu siqu njenge-razors, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi noma yimiphi imidwebo noma ukugoqa umzimba kwenziwa ngezinto ezihlanzekile.

Uma ukhombiswe i-hepatitis B, ukuvimbela ngemuva kokubekwa kuyatholakala. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthola isigodi futhi ngezinye izikhathi isiphuzo se-hepatitis B immune globulin phakathi namahora angu-24 ngemuva kokubekwa.

I-Hepatitis B ixilongwa kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-hepatitis B kuhlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwegazi okubheka i-virus nempendulo yomzimba wakho kuyo. Lezi zivivinyo zingakwazi ukuqonda uma une-infection esebenzayo, uqede ukutheleleka kwangaphambili, noma uvikelekile ngenxa yokugcoba.

Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzo-oda ukuhlolwa okuthile. Ukuhlolwa kwe-hepatitis B surface antigen kubonisa uma une-virus njengamanje. Ukuhlolwa kwe-hepatitis B surface antibody kubonisa uma uvikelekile ngenxa yokugcoba noma ukutheleleka kwangaphambili.

Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kusiza ukuqonda uma ukutheleleka kuqala noma kuqhubeka. Udokotela wakho angahlola umsebenzi wesibindi sakho ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okunye ukubona ukuthi isibindi sakho sisebenza kahle kangakanani.

Uma une-hepatitis B eqhubekayo, udokotela wakho angakuncoma ukuhlolwa okulandelayo njalo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ukulandelela amazinga e-virus nomsebenzi wesibindi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukwelashwa kwe-Hepatitis B kuyini?

Ukwelashwa kwe-hepatitis B kuya ngokuthi une-infection ebukhali noma eqhubekayo. I-hepatitis B ebukhali ngokuvamile ayidingi ukwelashwa okuqondile kwe-antiviral njengoba abantu abadala abaningi abaphilile bayaluqeda ngokwemvelo ukutheleleka.

Kuze kube yizimo ezibukhali, ukwelashwa kugxile ekunakekelweni okusekela. Lokhu kusho ukuphumula okuningi, ukuhlala unamanzi, ukudla ukudla okunomsoco uma ungakwazi, nokuqeda utshwala ukunikeza isibindi sakho ithuba elihle lokuphulukisa.

I-hepatitis B eqhubekayo ingadinga imithi ye-antiviral uma ukutheleleka kusebenza futhi kubangela ukuvuvukala kwesibindi. Le mithi inganciphisa i-virus futhi inciphise ingozi yokulimala kwesibindi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Udokotela wakho uzocubungula izinto eziningi lapho enqoba ukwelapha, kufaka phakathi amazinga e-virus, ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wesibindi, nempilo yakho jikelele. Akuwona wonke umuntu onayo i-hepatitis B eqhubekayo odinga ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ukulandelela okuvamile kubalulekile kwezimo eziqhubekayo, ngisho noma awuthathi imithi. Lokhu kusiza udokotela wakho ukulandelela noma yiziphi izinguquko futhi uqale ukwelapha uma kudingeka.

Indlela yokuphatha i-Hepatitis B ekhaya?

Ukukhathalela wena ekhaya kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuphulukiseni kwakho nempilo yakho yesikhathi eside. Isibindi sakho sidinga ukusekelwa ukuze siphulukise futhi sisebenze kahle ngalesi sikhathi.

Ukuphumula kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma uzizwa ukhathele. Lalela umzimba wakho futhi ungazicinisi kakhulu. Imisebenzi elula njengokuhamba okufushane kungasiza uma uzizwa ukhona.

Gxilisa ukudla ukudla okunomsoco okulula esiswini sakho. Ukudla okuncane, okuvamile kuvame ukusebenza kangcono kunokudla okukhulu. Hlala unamanzi ngokunisela amanzi amaningi usuku lonke.

Gwema utshwala ngokuphelele, njengoba kungalimaza ukuvuvukala kwesibindi futhi kuphazamise ukuphulukisa. Yiba oqaphile ngemithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle, ikakhulukazi i-acetaminophen, engalimaza isibindi sakho ngamanani aphezulu.

Vikela abanye ngokungabelani ngezinto zomuntu siqu njenge-razors noma amabhrashi amazinyo. Yenza ubulili obungavikelekile futhi ukhombise abalingani bakho bobulili ngokutheleleka kwakho ukuze bakwazi ukuhlolwa futhi bagocwe uma kudingeka.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nodokotela wakho. Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zinkulu kangakanani.

Yenza uhlu lwemithi yonke, izithasiselo, namavithamini owaqaphela. Phawula noma yikuphi ukuhamba kwakamuva, ukubekwa okungenzeka kwe-hepatitis B, noma izinto ezingasongela ongaziqaphela.

Lungiselela imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho. Ungafuna ukwazi ngezindlela zokwelapha, ukuthi yini okulindelekile ngesikhathi sokuphulukisa, indlela yokuvikela amalungu omndeni, noma nini lapho uzothola khona ukuhlolwa okulandelayo.

Letha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani uma ufuna ukusekelwa ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti. Bangakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile futhi banikeze ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi esingazwakala singaphezu kwamandla.

Yini eyisifundo esiyinhloko mayelana ne-Hepatitis B?

I-Hepatitis B isimo esilawuleka, ikakhulukazi ngokuxilongwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokunakekelwa okuhle kwezokwelapha. Nakuba kungazwakala kukhulu ekuqaleni, abantu abaningi abane-hepatitis B baphila impilo evamile, enempilo ngokuphelele.

Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwempilo ukulandelela isimo sakho nokulandelani iziphakamiso zabo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi une-hepatitis B ebukhali noma eqhubekayo, ukuhlala unolwazi nokusebenza ngokuzimisela ngempilo yakho kwenza umehluko wangempela.

Khumbula ukuthi i-hepatitis B ingavikeleka ngokugcoba, futhi izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle ziyatholakala kulabo abazidingayo. Ngokunakekelwa okuhle nokulungiswa kwesitayela sempilo, ungavikela impilo yesibindi sakho futhi ugcine ikhwalithi yempilo yakho.

Imibuzo evamile mayelana ne-Hepatitis B

Ngikwazi yini ukuhlala impilo evamile nge-hepatitis B eqhubekayo?

Yebo, abantu abaningi abane-hepatitis B eqhubekayo baphila impilo evamile ngokuphelele. Ngokulandelelwa okuvamile kwezokwelapha kanye nokuziphatha okuhle kwempilo, abantu abaningi abathuthukisi izinkinga ezinkulu. Isifundo esiyinhloko ukusebenzisana neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwempilo nokunakekela impilo yakho jikelele.

Isigodi se-hepatitis B sivikelekile?

Isigodi se-hepatitis B sivikelekile kakhulu futhi sisebenza kahle. Imiphumela emibi emibi iyincasa. Abantu abaningi baye baba nobuhlungu obuncane kuphela endaweni yokugoca. Isigodi sisetshenziswe ngokuphepha amashumi eminyaka futhi kunconywa yizibopho ezinkulu zezempilo emhlabeni jikelele.

I-hepatitis B ingaphiliswa?

Abantu abaningi abane-hepatitis B ebukhali bayaphila ngokuphelele futhi bacatshangelwa ukuba baphilile. I-hepatitis B eqhubekayo njengamanje ayikwazi ukupheliswa, kodwa ingaphathwa kahle ngokwelashwa. Abacwaningi basebenza ezindleleni zokwelapha ezingaba khona, futhi abanye abantu baye bafinyelela kulokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi “ukuphila okuhle” ngokwelashwa.

I-hepatitis B ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

I-hepatitis B ebukhali ngokuvamile ihlala amasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba umzimba wakho uqede i-virus. I-hepatitis B eqhubekayo isimo eside esidinga ukulandelelwa okuqhubekayo, nakuba abantu abaningi bazizwa bephilile ngokuphelele futhi abanawo noma yimiphi impawu iminyaka noma amashumi eminyaka.

Amalungu omndeni wami kufanele ahlolwe?

Yebo, amalungu omndeni aseduze nabalingani bobulili kufanele bahlolwe i-hepatitis B futhi bathole isigodi uma abaka goci. Lokhu kuyavikela ekuthinteleni futhi kunikeza ukuthula kwengqondo ngempilo yabathandekayo bakho.