Ukuthi yini i-Hepatitis C? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Hepatitis C iwumkhuhlane obangelwa yi-virus oqeda isibindi sakho, obangela ukuvuvukala futhi kungenzeka ukulimala kwesikhathi eside uma ungalashwa. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi imithi yanamuhla yenze intuthuko enkulu ekwelapheni lesi simo, ngamanani okuphulukisa manje angaphezu kuka-95% ezimweni eziningi.

Lolu hlobo lokutheleleka ludluliselwa ngokuthinta igazi elinokulimala, futhi abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi balinawo ngoba izimpawu zingaba zingandile noma zingabi khona iminyaka eminingi. Ukuqonda i-hepatitis C kungakusiza ukuthi uzivimbele futhi ufuna ukunakekelwa okufanele uma kudingeka.

Ukuthi yini i-Hepatitis C?

I-Hepatitis C ibangelwa yi-hepatitis C virus (HCV), eqondene ngqo namasosha esibindi. Uma i-virus ingena esibindini sakho, iqala ukwanda, okubangela ukuthi i-immune system yakho iphendule ngokuvuvukala.

Ukutheleleka kuza ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko. I-hepatitis C ebukhali kwenzeka ezinyangeni eziyisithupha zokuqala ngemuva kokubekwa, kuyilapho i-hepatitis C eqhubekayo ithuthukiswa uma umzimba wakho ungakwazi ukususa i-virus ngokwakho. Cishe u-75-85% wabantu abathintekayo bathuthukisa uhlobo oluqhubekayo.

Isibindi sakho sisebenza kanzima ukuhlunga izinto eziyingozi, ukukhiqiza amaprotheni, nokugcina amandla. Uma i-hepatitis C ibangela ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo, ingaphazamisa le mi sebenzi ebalulekile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Hepatitis C?

Abantu abaningi abane-hepatitis C abanawo nhlobo izimpawu, ikakhulukazi emazingeni okuqala. Kungakho lesi simo ngezinye izikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi ukutheleleka “oluthulile”.

Uma izimpawu zivele, zivame ukuthuthuka kancane kancane futhi zingafaka:

• Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo okungaphuli ngokuphumula
• Ukuphefumula noma ukulahlekelwa ukudla
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga
• Ukuvuvukala okuncane
• Urin olukhanyayo
• Izisu ezimhlophe noma ezimnyama
• Ubuhlungu besisu, ikakhulukazi endaweni ephezulu ngakwesokudla
• Ukuphenduka kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwesikhumba namehlo (jaundice)

Lezi zimpawu zingaba zingandile futhi zingavele zihambe. Abanye abantu bayaziphatha njengokugula okufana ne-influenza noma ukukhathala okuvamile kokucindezeleka kwansuku zonke.

Ezimeni eziqhubekayo eziqhubeke iminyaka eminingi, ungase uqaphele izimpawu ezinkulu njengokubeleka kalula, ukuvuvukala ezinyaweni noma esiswini, noma ukudideka. Lokhu kubonisa ukulimala okukhulu kwesibindi futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Yini ebangela i-Hepatitis C?

I-Hepatitis C yasakazeka ngokuthinta ngqo igazi elinokulimala. I-virus iqinile kakhulu futhi ingaphila ngaphandle komzimba amasonto amaningana ngaphansi kwezimo ezifanele.

Izindlela ezivamile abantu abathinteka ngazo zifaka:

• Ukuhlanganyela izimpumputhe, iziqhumane, noma olunye uqobo lokudla izidakamizwa
• Ukuthola igazi noma ukuhlinzwa kwamalungu ngaphambi kuka-1992 (lapho ukuhlolwa kwaqala khona)
• Ukuthola izithombe noma ukugqoka ngezinto ezingahlambulukanga
• Ukuhlanganyela izinto zomuntu siqu njengezinkuni noma amabhrashi amazinyo nomuntu othintekayo
• Ukulimala okungahlosiwe kwezinsimbi zezokwelapha
• Ukwenza ubulili obungavikelekile nomlingani othintekayo (okungavamile kodwa kungenzeka)
• Ukuzalwa umama one-hepatitis C

Akukuvamile, ukutheleleka kungasakazeka ngokuhlanganyela izikhali zokudla izidakamizwa, ukuthola izinqubo zezokwelapha noma zezinyo ezindaweni ezinokulawulwa okubi kokutheleleka, noma ukuthola izithombe ezindaweni ezingalawulwa.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-hepatitis C ayisakazeki ngokuthintana okuvamile. Awukwazi ukuyithola ngokuqabulana, ukusangana, ukuhlanganyela ukudla noma iziphuzo, noma ukuba eduze komuntu okhwehlelayo noma aphefumula.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-Hepatitis C?

Kufanele ubona udokotela uma unezingozi ze-hepatitis C, ngisho noma uzizwa uphilile ngokuphelele. Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa kungavimbela izinkinga ezinkulu.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uhlangabezana nokukhathala okuqhubekayo, ukuphefumula, ubuhlungu besisu, noma uqaphele ukuphenduka kombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kwesikhumba noma amehlo. Lezi zimpawu zidinga ukuhlolwa kungakhathaliseki izimbangela zakho.

Kufanele uphinde uhlolwe uma uke wahlanganyela izimpumputhe, wathola imikhiqizo yegazi ngaphambi kuka-1992, noma utholile izithombe noma ukugqoka ezindaweni ezingalawulwa. Abasebenzi bezempilo abake baba nezinkinga zokubeleka izimpumputhe kufanele baxoxe ngokuhlonzwa nomhlinzeki wezempilo yabo.

Uma ukhulelwe noma uhlela ukukhulelwa, xoxa nodokotela wakho ngokuhlonzwa kwe-hepatitis C. Nakuba ukudluliselwa kukamama kuya kwengane kuncane, kubalulekile ukwazi isimo sakho.

Ziyini izingozi ze-Hepatitis C?

Isimo esithile nokuziphatha kukhuphula amathuba akho okuthola i-hepatitis C. Ukuqonda lezi zingozi kungakusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezilwemi mayelana nokuhlolwa nokuvimbela.

Izingozi eziphezulu kakhulu zifaka:

• Ukusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokuqhumisa okwamanje noma okudlule, ngisho noma kanye kuphela
• Ukuthola igazi noma ukuhlinzwa kwamalungu ngaphambi kukaJulayi 1992
• Ukuhlinzwa kwesibindi isikhathi eside
• Ukuzalwa phakathi kuka-1945 no-1965 (abantu abazalwa ngaleso sikhathi banamanani aphezulu okutheleleka)
• Ukuba ne-HIV
• Ukuthola izithombe noma ukugqoka ezindaweni ezingalawulwa

Izingozi eziphakathi zifaka ukusebenza kwezempilo ngokubekwa kwegazi, ukuba nabalingani abaningi bobulili, nokuhlanganyela izinto zokunakekela zomuntu siqu njengezinkuni noma amabhrashi amazinyo nabantu abathintekayo.

Ukuzalwa umama one-hepatitis C kudala amathuba angaba ngu-5% okutheleleka. Ingozi ikhuphuka uma umama enesifo se-HIV.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke nge-Hepatitis C?

Nakuba abantu abaningi abane-hepatitis C baphila impilo evamile ngokwelashwa okufanele, ukutheleleka okuqhubekayo okungelashwanga kungabangela izinkinga ezinkulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuvame ukuthuthukiswa ngemuva kweminyaka engu-20-30 yokutheleleka okuqhubekayo.

Ukuqhubeka kuvame ukulandela le ndlela: ukuvuvukala okuqhubekayo kuholela ekubeni amabala (fibrosis), okungathuthukiswa kube amabala amakhulu (cirrhosis), futhi kwezinye izimo, umdlavuza wesibindi noma ukwehluleka kwesibindi.

Izinkinga ezithile zingafaka:

• I-Liver cirrhosis (amabala amakhulu ahlupha umsebenzi wesibindi)
• Umdlavuza wesibindi (hepatocellular carcinoma)
• Ukwehluleka kwesibindi okudingayo ukuhlinzwa
• I-Portal hypertension (ukwanda kokucindezela emathanjeni egazi esibindi)
• Ukuvuvukala esiswini (ascites)
• Ukuvuvukala ezinyaweni nasezinyaweni
• Ukubeleka kalula nokuphuza igazi
• Ukudideka noma ukuguquka kwengqondo (hepatic encephalopathy)

Akukuvamile, i-hepatitis C eqhubekayo ingabangela izinkinga ngaphandle kwesibindi, kufaka phakathi isifo sesibindi, izimo zesikhumba, nezinye izifo zegazi. Abanye abantu bathuthukisa i-mixed cryoglobulinemia, isimo esithinta imithambo yegazi.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo kungayeka ukuqhubeka kwesifo futhi kuphinde kubeka ezinye izonakaliso zesibindi ezimweni eziningi.

I-Hepatitis C ingavikeleka kanjani?

Ukuvimbela i-hepatitis C kugxile ekugwemeni ukuxhumana negazi elinokulimala. Njengoba ngokuka manje ayikho imithi yokugomela i-hepatitis C, ukuvikelwa kuza ngokuziphatha okuvikelekile nokuqonda.

Izindlela zokuvimbela ezisebenza kakhulu zifaka ukungalokothi uhlanganyele izimpumputhe, iziqhumane, noma olunye uqobo lokudla izidakamizwa. Uma usebenzisa izidakamizwa zokuqhumisa, funani usizo ekutholakala kokwelashwa kokulutha futhi usebenzise izimpumputhe ezihlanzekile ezivela ezinhlelweni zokushintshanisa izimpumputhe.

Uma uthola izithombe noma ukugqoka, khetha izindawo ezisemthethweni ezilandela izinqubo ezifanele zokuhlambulula. Ungahlanganyeli izinto zomuntu siqu njengezinkuni, amabhrashi amazinyo, noma izikuni ezingaba namabala egazi.

Abasebenzi bezempilo kufanele balandele izinyathelo zokuphepha, kufaka phakathi ukususwa okufanele kwezimpumputhe nezinye izinto ezibukhali. Uma uhlangabezana nokulimala kokubeleka izimpumputhe, funani ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Nakuba ukudluliselwa ngobulili kuncane, ukusebenzisa ukuvikelwa ngesikhathi sobulili kunganciphisa ingozi, ikakhulukazi uma unezithandwa eziningi noma ezinye izifo ezithathelwanayo ngobulili.

I-Hepatitis C ihlolwa kanjani?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-hepatitis C kuhilela ukuhlolwa kwegazi okungabonisa kokubili i-virus nokuphendula komzimba wakho kuyo. Inqubo ilula futhi ngokuvamile idinga ukukhipha igazi olulodwa nje olula.

Udokotela wakho uzoqala uku-oda ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody, okubonisa uma uke waba ne-hepatitis C. Uma lo mkhuba ukhona, uzodinga ukuhlolwa okulandelayo okuthiwa yi-HCV RNA ukuze ubone ukuthi okwamanje une-infection ehambayo.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-RNA kubalulekile ngoba abanye abantu basusa i-virus ngokwabo. Ukuhlolwa okuhle kwe-RNA kuqinisekisa ukutheleleka okuqhubekayo futhi kubonisa ukuthi udinga ukwelashwa.

Uma une-hepatitis C eqhubekayo, udokotela wakho angase a-ode ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze ahlole ukulimala kwesibindi. Lokhu kungafaka ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wesibindi, izifundo zokubonisa njenge-ultrasound noma i-CT scans, futhi mhlawumbe i-liver biopsy noma ukuhlolwa okusha okungenawo ubuhlungu njenge-FibroScan.

Udokotela wakho uzophinde ahlole uhlobo oluthile lwe-hepatitis C olukhona. Lolu lwazi lusisiza ukuthola indlela engcono kakhulu yokwelapha isimo sakho.

Ukuphathwa kwe-Hepatitis C ekhaya?

Nakuba ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kubalulekile ekwelapheni i-hepatitis C, ungase usekele impilo yakho yesibindi nokuphila kwakho ngokujwayelekile ngokukhetha impilo enhle.

Ukuvikela isibindi sakho kuqala ngokugwema utshwala ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nokukulinganisela kamuva. U-Alcohol ukhuphula ukulimala kwesibindi futhi ungaphazamisa impilo yakho.

Gcina ukudla okunempilo okugcwele izithelo, imifino, ukudla okugcwele, namaprotheni ahlanzekile. Isibindi sakho sisebenza kanzima ukuqeda konke okukudlayo, ngakho ukudla ukudla okunempilo kusiza ukusekela umsebenzi waso.

Hlala uthambile ngokuphuza amanzi amaningi usuku lonke. Gwema imithi engadingekile kanye nezinhlanganisela ngaphandle kokuvunyelwa udokotela wakho, njengoba isibindi sakho siqeda konke okukuthathayo.

Thola ukuphumula okwanele futhi ulawule ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokupumula, ukuzivocavoca okuthambile, noma imisebenzi oyithandayo. Ukukhathala kuyinto evamile nge-hepatitis C, ngakho-ke lalela umzimba wakho uphumule uma kudingeka.

Sebenzisa ukuhlanzeka okuhle ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kokutheleleka kwabanye. Ungahlanganyeli izinto zomuntu siqu ezingaba namabala egazi, futhi uqondise abahlinzeki bezempilo ngesimo sakho ngaphambi kwezinqubo.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho ye-hepatitis C kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi kakhulu ekuhambeni kwakho. Qala ngokuqoqa ulwazi mayelana nomlando wakho wezokwelapha nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ozibonile.

Bhala yonke imithi, izinhlanganisela, namavithamini owathathayo, kufaka phakathi izilinganiso. Letha uhlu lwezifo zezidakamizwa noma izimpendulo ezimbi ozake wazithola esikhathini esidlule.

Lungiselela isikhathi sezimo ezingase zibe yingozi, njengokuhlinzwa kwegazi, ukuhlinzwa, izithombe, noma ezinye izehlakalo ezifanele. Lolu lwazi lusisiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda isimo sakho kangcono.

Bhala izimpawu ozibonile, ngisho noma zibonakala zingahlobene. Faka lapho zaqala khona, kangakanani zivele, nokuthi yini ezizenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi.

Bhala imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza mayelana nezinketho zokwelapha, ukuguqulwa kwempilo, noma ukukhathazeka ngamalungu omndeni. Unganqikazi ukubuza nganoma yini ekukhathazayo.

Letha umngani othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni uma ufuna ukusekelwa ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olukhulu futhi banikeze ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-Hepatitis C?

I-Hepatitis C iwumkhuhlane wesibindi ophatheka futhi ophekwa oqeda izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Isigijimi esibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi imithi yanamuhla iguqule lesi simo kusuka esifweni esiqhubekayo, esiqhubekayo sibe yisimo esingaphekwa ezimweni eziningi.

Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni izinkinga zesikhathi eside. Uma unezingozi noma izimpawu, unganqikazi ukuhlolwa. Ukuhlolwa kulula, futhi ukwazi isimo sakho kukusiza ukuthi ulawule impilo yakho.

Ukuphathwa namuhla kusebenza kahle futhi kulula ukuyithwala kunangaphambili. Namanani okuphulukisa angaphezu kuka-95%, ungabheka ikusasa elihle ngemuva kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo.

Khumbula ukuthi i-hepatitis C ayikukubeki, futhi ukuba nale ntheleleko akusho ukuthi awenzanga lutho olungalungile. Gxila ekutholeni ukunakekelwa okudingayo nokuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela impilo yakho yesibindi.

Imibuzo evamile mayelana ne-Hepatitis C

Ungayithola yini i-hepatitis C ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa?

Yebo, ungayithola futhi i-hepatitis C ngemuva kokwelashwa noma ukususa ukutheleleka ngokwemvelo. Ukuba ne-hepatitis C akunikeli ukuvikelwa ekutholakaleni kwesikhathi esizayo. Kungakho kubalulekile ukuqhubeka nokwenza izinto eziphephile ngisho nangemuva kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo. Ingozi yokutheleleka kabusha iphakeme kakhulu kubantu abaqhubeka nokusebenzisa izidakamizwa zokuqhumisa.

Ukuphathwa kwe-hepatitis C kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Abantu abaningi bathatha imithi ye-hepatitis C amasonto angu-8-12, kuye ngemithi ethile esetshenziswayo nezinto zomuntu siqu njengohlobo nesimo sesibindi. Abanye abantu abanesifo sesibindi esikhulu noma izinhlobo ezithile bangadinga ukwelashwa amasonto angu-24. Udokotela wakho uzokunquma isikhathi esifanele isimo sakho.

Ingabe i-hepatitis C iyadluliselwa ngesaliva noma ukuxhumana okuvamile?

Cha, i-hepatitis C ayisakazeki ngesaliva, ukuxhumana okuvamile, ukuhlanganyela ukudla noma iziphuzo, noma emoyeni. I-virus isakazeka kuphela ngokuthintana kwegazi. Ungaqabulana, usangane, uhlanganyele ukudla, futhi uphile ngokujwayelekile namalungu omndeni ngaphandle kengozi yokudluliselwa ngale mi sebenzi.

Ingabe abesifazane abakhulelwe abane-hepatitis C bangayidlulisela ezinganeni zabo?

Ukudluliselwa kukamama kuya kwengane kwe-hepatitis C kungenzeka kodwa kuncane, kwenzeka cishe ku-5% yokukhulelwa. Ingozi iphakeme uma umama enesifo se-HIV. Okwamanje ayikho indlela yokuvimbela ukudluliselwa ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kodwa izingane ezazalwa kumama abane-hepatitis C kufanele zihlonzwe futhi zingaphathwa uma zithintekile.

Ingabe ukwelashwa kwe-hepatitis C kuzohlupha ezinye izidakamizwa?

Imithi ye-hepatitis C ingase ihlangane nezinye izidakamizwa, kungakho kubalulekile ukutshela udokotela wakho mayelana nayo yonke imithi, izinhlanganisela, nemikhiqizo yemifino oyithathayo. Udokotela wakho angase adinge ukulungisa izilinganiso noma isikhathi sezinye izidakamizwa ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Ungayeki noma ungashintshi noma iyiphi imithi ngaphandle kokuxoxa nodokotela wakho kuqala.