Ukuphakama Kwe-Kolesterol Yegazi

Ikolesterol iyisimo esinamaswidi esitholakala egazini lakho. Ukuze umzimba wakho wakhe amaseli anempilo, udinga ikolesterol, kepha amazinga aphezulu ekolesterol angakwandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo. Nge-kolesterol ephezulu, ungathuthukisa amafutha ezinsimini zegazi. Ekugcineni, lezi zikhuphuka zikhula, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi igazi elikwanele ligeleze ngezinsimbi zakho. Ngezinye izikhathi, lezo zikhuphuka zingaphula ngokuzumayo futhi zenze i-clot ebangela ukulunywa yinhliziyo noma isifo sobuchopho. Ikolesterol ephezulu ingadluliselwa, kepha ngokuvamile iyimbangela yokukhetha indlela yokuphila engaphilile, okwenza kube lula ukuyivikela nokuphatha. Ukudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca njalo kanye nezinye izikhathi imithi kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ikolesterol ephezulu.

Ukuphakama kwe-kolesterol akunaso iimpawu. Uvivinyo lwegazi yindlela kuphela yokuthola ukuthi unayo. Ngokusho kwe-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwe-kolesterol komuntu kufanele kwenzeke phakathi kweminyaka engu-9 nengu-11, bese kuphindwa njalo ngeminyaka emihlanu ngemva kwalokho. I-NHLBI iphakamisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-kolesterol kwenzeke unyaka ngamunye noma emibili eminyakeni yabadoda abaneminyaka engu-45 ukuya kwengama-65 kanye nabesifazane abaneminyaka engu-55 ukuya kwengama-65. Abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 kufanele bathole ukuhlolwa kwe-kolesterol minyaka yonke. Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho ingaphakathi kwemingcele efiselekayo, udokotela wakho angase aphakamise ukulinganisa okuvamile. Udokotela wakho angase futhi aphakamise ukuhlolwa okuvamile uma unemlando womndeni we-kolesterol ephezulu, isifo senhliziyo noma ezinye izinto ezingozi, njengoshukela noma ukucindezela kwegazi okuphezulu.

Ngokusho kweNational Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwe-kolesterol komuntu kufanele kwenzeke phakathi kweminyaka eyi-9 ne-11, bese kuphindwa njalo ngeminyaka emihlanu ngemva kwalokho. I-NHLBI icebisa ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-kolesterol kwenzeke njalo ngonyaka owodwa noma emibili kumadoda aneminyaka engama-45 ukuya kwengama-65 kanye nabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-55 ukuya kwengama-65. Abantu abaneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-65 kufanele bathole ukuhlolwa kwe-kolesterol minyaka yonke. Uma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho ingaphakathi kwemingcele efiselekayo, udokotela wakho angase acebise ukulinganisa okuvamile. Udokotela wakho angase futhi aphakamise ukuhlolwa okuvamile uma unemlando womndeni we-kolesterol ephezulu, isifo senhliziyo noma ezinye izinto eziyingozi, ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu.

Ikholestrol ithwalwa egazini lakho, inamathele kumaprotheni. Lo mhlanganisela wamaprotheni nekholesterol ubizwa ngokuthi i-lipoprotein. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zekholesterol, kuye ngalokho i-lipoprotein elikuthwalayo. Ziyilezi: I-lipoprotein ephansi-yokuthwala (LDL). I-LDL, i- “kholesterol embi”, ithwala izinhlayiya zekholesterol kulo lonke umzimba wakho. Ikholestrol ye-LDL yakha odongeni lwe-artery zakho, izenze ziqine futhi zibe mncinci. I-lipoprotein ephakeme-yokuthwala (HDL). I-HDL, i- “kholesterol enhle”, ithatha ikholestrol engaphezulu futhi iyithathe emuva e-liver yakho. Iphrofayili yamafutha ivame ukulinganisa ama-triglycerides, uhlobo lokuqina egazini. Ukuba namanqanaba aphezulu e-triglyceride nawo angandisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo. Izici ongazilawula — njengokungasebenzi, ukukhuluphala nokudla okungaphilile — zinikezela emanqanabeni e-kholesterol nama-triglyceride abangela ubuhlungu. Izici ongenakuzilawula zingase futhi zidlale indima. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwakheka kwakho kwe-genetic kungase kwenze kube nzima emzimbeni wakho ukususa i-LDL cholesterol egazini lakho noma ukuyichitha e-liver. Izimo zezokwelapha ezingabangela amanqanaba e-kholesterol angaphilile zihlanganisa: I-Chronic kidney disease I-Diabetes I-HIV / AIDS I-Hypothyroidism I-Lupus Amanqanaba e-kholesterol nawo angabiwa kabi yizinhlobo ezithile zemithi ongaziphuza ngenxa yezinye izinkinga zempilo, njengalezi: I-Acne I-Cancer I-High blood pressure I-HIV / AIDS I-Irregular heart rhythms I-Organ transplants

Izimbangi ezingandisa ingozi yakho yama-kolesterol angalungile zihlanganisa: Ukudla okungalungile. Ukudla amafutha amaningi agcwele noma amafutha e-trans kungabangela amazinga e-kolesterol angalungile. Amafutha agcwele atholakala ezinhlanganweni zenyama enamafutha kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi egcwele amafutha. Amafutha e-trans avame ukutholakala ezitsheni ezipakishwe noma ezitsheni ezimnandi. Ukukhuluphala. Ukuba nomkhawulo womzimba (BMI) ongu-30 noma ngaphezulu kukubeka engozini ye-kolesterol ephezulu. Ukwehluleka kokuzivocavoca. Ukuzivocavoca kusiza ekuqhubeni i-HDL yomzimba wakho, i- "enhle," i-kolesterol. Ukubhema. Ukubhema isigarethi kunganciphisa amazinga akho e-HDL, i- "enhle," i-kolesterol. Uchweba. Ukusebenzisa utshwala kakhulu kungandisa amazinga akho e-kolesterol ephelele. Ubudala. Ngisho nezingane ezincane zingaba ne-kolesterol engalungile, kodwa kuvamile kakhulu kubantu abadala kuno-40. Njengoba ukhula, isibindi sakho siyancipha ekukwazi ukususa i-LDL cholesterol.

Ukuphakama kwe-kolesterol kunengcupo yokubangela ukuqongelelana okungozi kwe-kolesterol nezinye izinto ezibekwe odongeni lwe-arteries zakho (atherosclerosis). Lezi zinto eziqongelelekileyo (ama-plaque) zinganciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi nge-arteries zakho, okungabangela izinkinga, ezifana nobuhlungu esifubeni. Uma i-arteries ezondla inhliziyo yakho ngegazi (i-coronary arteries) ithonyeka, ungaba nobuhlungu esifubeni (angina) nezinye izimpawu zesifo se-coronary artery. Ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo. Uma ama-plaque ehlukaniswa noma ephuka, igazi lingakha endaweni lapho i-plaque iphukile khona - livimbe ukugeleza kwegazi noma liqhekeke futhi livalele i-artery ngaphansi. Uma ukugeleza kwegazi engxenyeni yenhliziyo yakho kuphela, uzothola ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo. Isiguli. Ngokufana nokungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo, isiguli sivela uma igazi livimba ukugeleza kwegazi engxenyeni yobuchopho bakho.

Ukushintsha okufanayo kokuphila okunempilo yentliziyo okunganciphisa ikolesterol yakho kungakusiza ukuvimbela ukuba nekolesterol ephakeme ekuqaleni. Ukuvimbela ikolesterol ephakeme, ungenza lokhu okulandelayo: Yidla ukudla okunetyuwa encane okugxile ezithelo, imifino namanye amazambane Linganisela inani lamafutha ezilwane futhi usebenzise amafutha amahle ngokulinganisela Lahla amakhilogremu engeziwe futhi ugcine isisindo esinempilo Yeka ukubhema Qeqesha izinsuku eziningi zeviki okungenani imizuzu engama-30 Phuza utshwala ngokulinganisela, uma kunjalo Phatha ukucindezeleka

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amazinga e-kolesterol - okubizwa ngokuthi yi-lipid panel noma i-lipid profile - ngokuvamile kubika: I-kolesterol iyonke I-kolesterol ye-LDL I-kolesterol ye-HDL Ama-Triglycerides - uhlobo lokuqina egazini Ngokuvamile uyalelwa ukuba uzile, ungadli lutho noma izinto ezinwetshiwe ngaphandle kwamanzi, amahora ayisishiyagalolunye kuya kwishumi nambili ngaphambi kokuhlolwa. Amanye ukuhlolwa kwe-kolesterol awadingi ukuzila, ngakho-ke landela imiyalelo yodokotela wakho. Ukuhumusha izinombolo E-United States, amazinga e-kolesterol ayalinganiswa ngamamilligrams (mg) e-kolesterol ngedeciliter (dL) yegazi. ECanada nasemazweni amaningi aseYurophu, amazinga e-kolesterol ayalinganiswa ngamamillimoles ngelitha (mmol / L). Ukuhumusha imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho, sebenzisa lezi zinkombandlela ezijwayelekile. I-kolesterol iyonke (e-U.S. nakwamanye amazwe) I-kolesterol iyonke * (eCanada naseYurophu enkulu) Imiphumela *Iziqondiso zaseCanada ne zaseYurophu ziyahluka kancane eziqondisweni zase-U.S. Lezi zinguquko zisekelwe eziqondisweni zase-U.S. Ngaphansi kuka-200 mg / dL Ngaphansi kuka-5.2 mmol / L Okuthandekayo 200-239 mg / dL 5.2-6.2 mmol / L Umphambili ophezulu 240 mg / dL nangaphezulu Ngaphezulu kuka-6.2 mmol / L Ophezulu I-kolesterol ye-LDL (e-U.S. nakwamanye amazwe) I-kolesterol ye-LDL * (eCanada naseYurophu enkulu) Imiphumela *Iziqondiso zaseCanada ne zaseYurophu ziyahluka kancane eziqondisweni zase-U.S. Lezi zinguquko zisekelwe eziqondisweni zase-U.S. Ngaphansi kuka-70 mg / dL Ngaphansi kuka-1.8 mmol / L Okuhle kakhulu kubantu abane-coronary artery disease - kufaka phakathi umlando wezifo zentliziyo, i-angina, ama-stents noma i-coronary bypass. Ngaphansi kuka-100 mg / dL Ngaphansi kuka-2.6 mmol / L Okuhle kubantu abasezingozini ze-coronary artery disease noma abanesi-diabetes. Okuhle kubantu abane-coronary artery disease engenabungozi. 100-129 mg / dL 2.6-3.3 mmol / L Okuhle uma kungekho coronary artery disease. Ophezulu uma kukhona i-coronary artery disease. 130-159 mg / dL 3.4-4.1 mmol / L Umphambili ophezulu uma kungekho coronary artery disease. Ophezulu uma kukhona i-coronary artery disease. 160-189 mg / dL 4.1-4.9 mmol / L Ophezulu uma kungekho coronary artery disease. Ophezulu kakhulu uma kukhona i-coronary artery disease. 190 mg / dL nangaphezulu Ngaphezulu kuka-4.9 mmol / L Ophezulu kakhulu, cishe kubonisa isimo se-genetic. I-kolesterol ye-HDL (e-U.S. nakwamanye amazwe) I-kolesterol ye-HDL * (eCanada naseYurophu enkulu) Imiphumela *Iziqondiso zaseCanada ne zaseYurophu ziyahluka kancane eziqondisweni zase-U.S. Lezi zinguquko zisekelwe eziqondisweni zase-U.S. Ngaphansi kuka-40 mg / dL (amadoda) Ngaphansi kuka-1.0 mmol / L (amadoda) Kubi Ngaphansi kuka-50 mg / dL (abesifazane) Ngaphansi kuka-1.3 mmol / L (abesifazane) 40-59 mg / dL (amadoda) 1.0-1.5 mmol / L (amadoda) Kungcono 50-59 mg / dL (abesifazane) 1.3-1.5 mmol / L (abesifazane) 60 mg / dL nangaphezulu Ngaphezulu kuka-1.5 mmol / L Okuhle kakhulu Ama-Triglycerides (e-U.S. nakwamanye amazwe) Ama-Triglycerides * (eCanada naseYurophu enkulu) Imiphumela *Iziqondiso zaseCanada ne zaseYurophu ziyahluka kancane eziqondisweni zase-U.S. Lezi zinguquko zisekelwe eziqondisweni zase-U.S. Ngaphansi kuka-150 mg / dL Ngaphansi kuka-1.7 mmol / L Okuthandekayo 150-199 mg / dL 1.7-2.2 mmol / L Umphambili ophezulu 200-499 mg / dL 2.3-5.6 mmol / L Ophezulu 500 mg / dL nangaphezulu Ngaphezulu kuka-5.6 mmol / L Ophezulu kakhulu Abantwana nokuhlolwa kwe-kolesterol Kubantwana abaningi, i-National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute iphakamisa ukuhlolwa kwekolesterol okukodwa phakathi kweminyaka engu-9 kuya ku-11, bese kuphindwa eminyakeni emihlanu ngemva kwalokho. Uma ingane yakho inemlando womndeni wesifo sentliziyo esiqalayo ebusheni noma umlando wokuqina noma isi-diabetes, udokotela wakho angase aphakamise ukuhlolwa kwe-kolesterol okusheshayo noma okuvamile. Ulwazi Olwengeziwe Izinga le-kolesterol: Lingaba liphansi kakhulu? Izinga le-kolesterol noma i-kolesterol engaphansi kwe-HDL: Yiliphi elibaluleke kakhulu? Ama-kit okuhlolwa kwe-kolesterol: Anganembile yini?

Izinguquko zempilo ezifana nokuzivocavoca nokudla ukudla okunempilo ziyindlela yokuqala yokuvikela ngokumelene ne-cholesterol ephezulu. Kodwa, uma usenze lezi zinguquko ezibalulekile zempilo futhi amazinga akho e-cholesterol ehlala ephezulu, udokotela wakho angakusikisela imithi. Ukukhethwa kwemithi noma inhlanganisela yemithi kuncike ezintweni ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izici zakho zobungozi, iminyaka yakho, impilo yakho kanye nemiphumela engahle ibe khona yemithi. Izinketho ezivamile zifaka phakathi: Ama-Statin. Ama-Statin avimba into esiyidingayo isibindi sakho ukwenza i-cholesterol. Lokhu kubangela ukuthi isibindi sakho sisuse i-cholesterol egazini lakho. Izinketho zifaka phakathi i-atorvastatin (Lipitor), i-fluvastatin (Lescol), i-lovastatin (Altoprev), i-pitavastatin (Livalo), i-pravastatin (Pravachol), i-rosuvastatin (Crestor) kanye ne-simvastatin (Zocor). Ama-Cholesterol absorption inhibitors. Amathumbu akho amancane amunca i-cholesterol evela ekudleni kwakho bese eyikhipha egazini lakho. Umuthi i-ezetimibe (Zetia) usiza ukunciphisa i-cholesterol yegazi ngokunciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-cholesterol yokudla. I-Ezetimibe ingasetshenziswa kanye nomuthi we-statin. I-Bempedoic acid. Lo muthi omusha usebenza ngendlela efanayo nama-statin kodwa kuncane ukuthi ubangele ubuhlungu bemisipha. Ukwengeza i-bempedoic acid (Nexletol) esilinganisweni esiphezulu se-statin kungasiza ukwehlisa i-LDL ngokwengeziwe. Iphilisi elihlanganisiwe eliqukethe kokubili i-bempedoic acid ne-ezetimibe (Nexlizet) liyatholakala. Ama-Bile-acid-binding resins. Isibindi sakho sisebenzisa i-cholesterol ukwenza ama-bile acid, into edingekayo ekugayeni ukudla. Imithi i-cholestyramine (Prevalite), i-colesevelam (Welchol) ne-colestipol (Colestid) yehlisa i-cholesterol ngokungaqondile ngokubopha ama-bile acid. Lokhu kukhuthaza isibindi sakho ukuthi sisebenzise i-cholesterol engeziwe ukwenza ama-bile acid amaningi, okunciphisa izinga le-cholesterol egazini lakho. Ama-PCSK9 inhibitors. Le mithi ingasiza isibindi ukuthi simunce i-LDL cholesterol eningi, okunciphisa inani le-cholesterol elijikeleza egazini lakho. I-Alirocumab (Praluent) ne-evolocumab (Repatha) kungasetshenziselwa abantu abanesimo sezakhi zofuzo esibangela amazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-LDL noma kubantu abanomlando wesifo senhliziyo abangakwazi ukumelana nama-statin noma eminye imithi ye-cholesterol. Ijova ngaphansi kwesikhumba njalo emasontweni ambalwa futhi ibiza kakhulu. Imithi ye-high triglycerides Uma futhi une-high triglycerides, udokotela wakho angakuletha: Ama-Fibrates. Imithi i-fenofibrate (Tricor, Fenoglide, eminye) ne-gemfibrozil (Lopid) inciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-VLDL cholesterol yisibindi sakho futhi isheshisa ukususwa kwama-triglycerides egazini lakho. I-VLDL cholesterol iqukethe ikakhulukazi ama-triglycerides. Ukusebenzisa ama-fibrates kanye ne-statin kungandisa ingozi yemiphumela engahle ibe khona ye-statin. I-Niacin. I-Niacin ikhawulela amandla esibindi sakho ukukhiqiza i-LDL ne-VLDL cholesterol. Kodwa i-niacin ayinikezi izinzuzo ezengeziwe ngaphezu kwama-statin. I-Niacin iphinde ixhunyaniswe nokulimala kwesibindi kanye nesifo sokuqhuma kwesibindi, ngakho-ke odokotela abaningi manje bayikomela kuphela kubantu abangakwazi ukuthatha ama-statin. Ama-Omega-3 fatty acid supplements. Ama-Omega-3 fatty acid supplements angasiza ukwehlisa ama-triglycerides akho. Ayatholakala ngemvume yokwelashwa noma ngaphandle kwemvume. Uma ukhetha ukuthatha ama-supplements ngaphandle kwemvume, thola imvume kadokotela wakho. Ama-Omega-3 fatty acid supplements angathinta eminye imithi oyithathayo. Ukumelana kuyahluka Ukumelana nemithi kuyahluka kumuntu ngamunye. Imiphumela evamile yama-statin ukubuhlungu kwemisipha nokulimala kwemisipha, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo okungahlehliswa nokudideka, kanye nokwanda kwekhasimende yegazi. Uma unquma ukuthatha umuthi we-cholesterol, udokotela wakho angakusikisela ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wesibindi ukuze uqaphele umphumela womuthi esibindini sakho. Izingane kanye nokwelashwa kwe-cholesterol Ukudla nokuzivocavoca kungukwelashwa kokuqala okungcono kakhulu ezinganeni ezineminyaka engu-2 nangaphezulu ezine-cholesterol ephezulu noma ezinesifo sokukhuluphala. Izingane ezineminyaka engu-10 nangaphezulu ezinezinga eliphezulu kakhulu le-cholesterol zinganelwa imithi yokwehlisa i-cholesterol, njengama-statin. Ulwazi Olwengeziwe Imithi ye-cholesterol: Cabanga ngezinketho I-Niacin yokuthuthukisa izinombolo ze-cholesterol Imiphumela engahle ibe khona yama-statin Ama-Statin I-Cholesterol ephezulu ezinganeni Ingabe kukhona ingozi ye-rhabdomyolysis evela kuma-statin? Ukudlula kwe-Niacin: Yiziphi izimpawu? Ama-Statin: Ingabe abangela i-ALS? Khombisa ulwazi olwengeziwe oluhlobene Cela isikhathi sokuhlangana Kunenkinga nolwazi olukhonjisiwe ngezansi bese uphinda uthumele ifomu. Kusuka eMayo Clinic kuya ebhokisini lakho lokungenayo Bhalisela mahhala bese uhlala unolwazi olusha mayelana nentuthuko yocwaningo, amathiphu ezempilo, izihloko zamanje zezempilo, kanye nobuchwepheshe bokulawula impilo. Chofoza lapha ukuze ubuke isifanekiso se-imeyili. Ikheli Le-imeyili 1 Iphutha Inkambu ye-imeyili iyadingeka Iphutha Faka ikheli le-imeyili elisemthethweni Funda kabanzi mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwedatha kweMayo Clinic. Ukukunikeza ulwazi olufanele kakhulu nolusizo, futhi siqonde ukuthi loluphi ulwazi oluzuzisa, singahlanganisa i-imeyili yakho nolwazi lokusetshenziswa kwewebhusayithi nenye imininingwane esinayo ngawe. Uma ungumguli weMayo Clinic, lokhu kungafaka ulwazi oluvikelwe lwezempilo. 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