Ukuqina Kwe-Kholesterol Egazini: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

Ukuqina kwe-kholesterol egazini kusho ukuthi unenani elikhulu le-kholesterol, into efana nokhukhwini olukhulu, ehamba egazini lakho. Nakuba umzimba wakho udinga i-kholesterol ethile ukuze usebenze kahle, ukuba nenani elikhulu kakhulu kungakha ukubambeka odongeni lwe-artery yakho futhi kukhulise ingozi yesifo senhliziyo nesifo sobuchopho.

Cabanga nge-kholesterol njengomthamo wezimoto ezimithanjeni yakho yegazi. Kancane kancane kugcina izinto zihamba ngokuphelele, kodwa okuningi kakhulu kudala ukubambeka okungozi. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukuqina kwe-kholesterol kuphatheka ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila, futhi uma kudingeka, imithi.

Iyini i-Kholesterol Eqinile Egazini?

Ukuqina kwe-kholesterol egazini kwenzeka uma amazinga e-kholesterol egazini lakho edlula amazinga aphile. Isibindi sakho sivelisa cishe u-75% we-kholesterol umzimba wakho oyidingayo, kanti u-25% osaleyo uvela ekudleni okuwudlayo.

I-kolestero ihamba ngegazi lakho ngamaqoqo abizwa nge-lipoproteins. Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko okufanele uzibone. I-Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) ivame ukubizwa nge-kolestero “embi” ngoba inganamathela odongeni lwe-artery. I-High-density lipoprotein (HDL) iyaziwa njenge-kolestero “enhle” ngoba ikusiza ukususa i-kolestero engeziwe e-arteries zakho.

Amazinga e-kolestero aphelele angaphezu kuka-240 mg/dL abhekwa njengaphezulu, kanti amazinga phakathi kuka-200-239 mg/dL awa ehlukanweni eliphezulu. Kodwa-ke, udokotela wakho ubheka isithombe esiphelele, kufaka phakathi amazinga akho e-LDL, HDL, ne-triglyceride ukuhlola ingozi yakho yonke.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zokuqina Kwe-Kholesterol Egazini?

Ukuqina kwe-kolestero ngokuvamile akubangeli zimpawu ezibonakalayo, yingakho kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi “isimo esithule.” Abantu abaningi bazizwa beqondile ngisho noma amazinga abo e-kolestero ephezulu kakhulu.

Lolu daba oluthule kwenza ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwe-kolestero kubaluleke kakhulu empilweni yakho. Ungaba ne-kolestero eqinile iminyaka ngaphandle kokukwazi, kuyilapho ikhuphula ngokuthula ingozi yezinkinga zenhliziyo.

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, abanye abantu abane-kolestero ephezulu kakhulu bangaba nezibonakaliso ezibonakalayo. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukubambeka okumhlophe olukhulu emehlweni okuthiwa yi-xanthelasma noma ukubambeka okufanayo ezithanjeni. Kodwa-ke, lezi zibonakaliso zomzimba zivele kuphela ezimweni ezinkulu futhi akumelwe zithembeke njengezimpawu zokuqina kwe-kolestero.

Yini Ebangele Ukuqina Kwe-Kholesterol Egazini?

Ukuqina kwe-kolestero kuvela ekuxubeni kwezinto, ezinye eziphethwe wena nezinye ezingaphethwe wena. Ukuqonda lezi zimbangela kungakusiza wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuphatha amazinga akho e-kolestero.

Izimbangela ezivamile ongaziqondisa zifaka:

• Ukudla ukudla okune-fats ehlanganisiwe, i-trans fats, ne-kolestero
• Ukuba nesisindo esiningi noma ukukhuluphala
• Ukwehluleka kokuzivocavoca njalo
• Ukubhema isigarethi
• Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kotshwala

Izinto eziningi ongenakuzilawula zingase futhi zifake isandla ekuqineni kwe-kolestero. I-jini lakho lidla indima ebalulekile endleleni umzimba wakho uvelisa futhi usebenza ngayo i-kolestero. Abanye abantu bafa isimo esinjenge-familial hypercholesterolemia, esibangela amazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-kolestero kusukela ekuzalweni.

Ubudala nobulili nawo kubalulekile. Amazinga e-kolestero avame ukukhuphuka njengoba ukhula. Abesifazane ngokuvamile bane-kolestero ephansi kunamadoda kuze kube yilapho beqeda i-menopause, lapho amazinga abo evame ukwanda ngenxa yoshintsho lwe-hormone.

Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha zingakhuphula amazinga akho e-kolestero. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isifo sikashukela, i-hypothyroidism, isifo sobuchopho, nesisifo sesibindi. Eminye imithi, ikakhulukazi eminye imithi ye-diuretics ne-beta-blockers, ingase futhi ithonye amazinga akho e-kolestero.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Nge-Kholesterol Eqinile?

Kufanele uhlolwe i-kolestero yakho njalo, ngisho noma uzizwa uphilile. Abantu abadala abaningi kufanele bahlolwe i-kolestero yabo njalo eminyakeni emine kuya kwemihlanu, beqala eminyakeni engama-20.

Kodwa-ke, ungadinga ukuhlolwa okuvamile uma unezingozi ezifana nomlando womndeni wesifo senhliziyo, isifo sikashukela, ukucindezeleka kwegazi, noma uma ubhema. Udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukuhlolwa minyaka yonke kulezi zimo.

Ungalindi kuze kube yilapho izimpawu zivele ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, ngoba ukuqina kwe-kolestero ngokuvamile akubangeli izibonakaliso ezibonakalayo. Ukutholakala kwasekuqaleni kukunika ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuvimbela izinkinga ezinkulu ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila noma imithi uma kudingeka.

Ziyini Izingozi Zokuqina Kwe-Kholesterol Egazini?

Izinto eziningi zingakhuphula amathuba akho okuthola ukuqina kwe-kolestero. Ezinye ungazishintsha, kanti ezinye ziyisigaba nje sokuthi ungubani.

Izingozi ongazilawula zifaka:

• Ukudla okune-fats ehlanganisiwe ne-trans fats
• Ukuba nesisindo esiningi noma ukukhuluphala
• Isitayela sokuphila esingasebenzi
• Ukubhema
• Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kotshwala

Izingozi ongenakuzishintsha zifaka ubudala bakho, ubulili, nomlando womndeni. Amadoda angaphezu kweminyaka engama-45 nabesifazane abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-55 banengozi enkulu. Uma abazali bakho noma abazalwane bakho bane-kolestero eqinile noma isifo senhliziyo, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi uzothola.

Ezinye izimo zezokwelapha zikhuphula futhi ingozi yakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi isifo sikashukela, ukucindezeleka kwegazi, i-metabolic syndrome, nezimo ze-autoimmune ezifana ne-lupus noma i-rheumatoid arthritis. Ngisho ne-sleep apnea ihlanganiswe namazinga aphezulu e-kolestero.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingaba khona Zokuqina Kwe-Kholesterol Egazini?

Ingozi enkulu yokuqina kwe-kolestero ikulokho okwenzekayo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lapho i-kolestero yakha e-arteries zakho. Le nqubo, ebizwa nge-atherosclerosis, ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo.

Izingozi ezivamile zifaka:

• Isifo se-coronary artery nesifo senhliziyo
• Isifo sobuchopho
• Isifo se-peripheral artery
• Ubuhlungu esifubeni (angina)

Uma ukubambeka kwe-kolestero kuncipha i-arteries yakho ye-coronary, imisipha yenhliziyo yakho ayitholi igazi elanele elinezinto zokuphefumula. Lokhu kungabangela ubuhlungu esifubeni ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba noma ukucindezeleka. Uma ukubambeka kuqhekeka futhi kwakha i-blood clot, kungavimba ngokuphelele ukugeleza kwegazi futhi kubangele isifo senhliziyo.

Ngokunjalo, uma i-arteries eya ebuchosheni bakho ivaliwe, isifo sobuchopho singaba khona. Isifo se-peripheral artery senzeka uma i-kolestero ivala i-arteries ezinyaweni zakho, ibangela ubuhlungu ngenkathi uhamba nokunciphisa ukululama kwamacala.

Izingozi ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zingafaka izinkinga zezinso uma i-arteries ehlinzeka izinso zakho ivaliwe. Abanye abantu bangase futhi bathuthukise i-blood clots kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wabo, nakuba lokhu kungavamile.

Ukuqina Kwe-Kholesterol Egazini Kungavikeleka Kanjani?

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ungathatha izinyathelo eziningi zokuvimbela ukuqina kwe-kolestero noma ukuvimbela ukuba kubi. Izinqumo zokuphila ezisempilweni yinhliziyo zenza umehluko omkhulu.

Gxila ekudleni ukudla okunemithombo eminingi yezithelo, imifino, ukudla okugcwele, namaprotheni ahlanzekile. Khawukhawule ukudla okune-fats ehlanganisiwe njengenyamasende ezinemafutha, imikhiqizo yobisi egcwele, nokudla okubhakiwe. Gwema i-trans fats etholakala ezintweni eziningi ezilungisiwe nezifakiwe.

Ukuzivocavoca njalo kusiza ukuphakamisa i-kolestero yakho enhle (HDL) ngenkathi kuncipha i-kolestero embi (LDL). Hlose okungenani imizuzu engama-150 yokuzivivinya okulinganiselwe noma imizuzu engama-75 yokuzivivinya okukhulu masonto onke. Ngisho nokuhamba kwemizuzu engama-30 nsuku zonke kungenza umehluko obalulekile.

Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo kusekela amazinga e-kolestero anempilo. Uma unesondlo esiningi, ukulahlekelwa ngisho ne-5-10 pounds kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni izinombolo zakho. Ukushiya ukubhema nokulinganisela ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kuphinde kusekele amazinga e-kolestero angcono.

Ukuqina Kwe-Kholesterol Egazini Kuhlolwa Kanjani?

Ukuqina kwe-kolestero kuhlolwa ngokuhlolwa okulula kwegazi okuthiwa yi-lipid panel noma ukuhlolwa kwe-kolestero. Lokhu kuhlolwa kuqapha i-kolestero yakho yonke, i-LDL kolestero, i-HDL kolestero, ne-triglycerides.

Uzovame ukudinga ukuzila ukudla amahora angu-9-12 ngaphambi kokuhlolwa, nakuba ezinye izindlela ezintsha zokuhlola zingadingi ukuzila ukudla. Udokotela wakho uzokhipha igazi engalweni yakho, futhi imiphumela ivame ukuba khona ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Udokotela wakho uyaqonda imiphumela ngokusekelwe emihlahlandleleni esekelwe. I-kolestero yonke engaphansi kuka-200 mg/dL ibhekwa njengokufiselekayo, kanti amazinga angaphezu kuka-240 mg/dL aphezulu. Nge-LDL kolestero, okungenani ku-100 mg/dL kuphelele, futhi ngaphezu kuka-160 mg/dL kuphezulu.

I-HDL kolestero isebenza ngokuhlukile ngoba amazinga aphezulu angcono. Amadoda kufanele ahlose i-HDL engaphezu kuka-40 mg/dL, kanti abesifazane kufanele bahlose amazinga angaphezu kuka-50 mg/dL. I-triglycerides kufanele ibe ngaphansi kuka-150 mg/dL.

Iyini Ukwelapha Kokuqina Kwe-Kholesterol Egazini?

Ukuphatha ukuqina kwe-kolestero ngokuvamile kuqala ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila futhi kungafaka imithi uma kudingeka. Udokotela wakho uyakha uhlelo oluqondene nawe ngokusekelwe amazinga akho e-kolestero nengozi yonke yesifo senhliziyo.

Ukushintsha indlela yokuphila kuyisisekelo sokwelapha. Lokhu kufaka ukwamukela ukudla okunempilo yinhliziyo, ukwandisa ukuzivocavoca, ukulahlekelwa isisindo esiningi, nokushiya ukubhema. Abantu abaningi bangathuthukisa kakhulu amazinga abo e-kolestero ngalezi zinguquko zodwa.

Uma ukushintsha indlela yokuphila kunganelisi, udokotela wakho angase alayishe imithi. I-statins yimithi evamile kakhulu eyalelwayo yokunciphisa i-kolestero. Isebenza ngokuvimba i-enzyme isibindi sakho esiyisebenzisayo ukwenza i-kolestero.

Eminye imithi udokotela wakho angayicabangela ifaka:

• I-bile acid sequestrants
• Abavimbi bokuthathwa kwe-kolestero
• I-PCSK9 inhibitors ye-kolestero ephezulu kakhulu
• I-fibrates ye-triglycerides ephezulu

Udokotela wakho uqapha intuthuko yakho ngokuhlolwa okuvamile kwegazi futhi alungise ukwelapha kwakho njengoba kudingeka. Abantu abaningi badinga ukuqhubeka nokuphathwa isikhathi eside ukuze bagcine amazinga e-kolestero anempilo.

Indlela Yokwelapha Ekhaya Ngesikhathi Sokuqina Kwe-Kholesterol Egazini?

Ukuphatha ukuqina kwe-kolestero ekhaya kuhilela ukwenza izinqumo ezifanele, ezempilo nsuku zonke. Ukuqala ukwenza imikhuba eqhubekayo esekela impilo yakho yesikhathi eside.

Qala ngokudla kwakho ngokukhetha ukudla okunempilo yinhliziyo. Gcwalisa ingxenye yesitsha sakho ngemifino nezithelo, khetha ukudla okugcwele kunokudla okuhlanzekile, futhi ukhethe amaprotheni ahlanzekile njengezinhlanzi, ukudla okuphekwe, namabhinzi. Pheka nge-olive oil esikhundleni se-butter, futhi khawukhawule ukudla okulungisiwe.

Faka umsebenzi womzimba ohlelweni lwakho lwansuku zonke. Thola imisebenzi oyithandayo, kungaba ukuhamba, ukubhukuda, ukudansa, noma ukulima. Ngisho nemisebenzi yasekhaya njengokugeza noma ukusebenza egaraji kubalwa njengomsebenzi womzimba.

Uma uthatha imithi ye-kolestero, yithathe ngokuqondile njengoba kuyalelwe. Ungaphuthi izilinganiso noma uyeke ukuyithatha ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala. Yenza uhlelo lokusikisela, njengokusebenzisa i-pill organizer noma isikhumbuzi sefoni.

Landelela intuthuko yakho ngokugcina idayari yokudla noma ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lokusebenza lokufaneleka. Ukuqapha kwakho siqu njalo kukusiza uhlale unamandla futhi ubone izindlela ezithinta amazinga akho e-kolestero.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Kulodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kukusiza ukwenza kakhulu isikhathi sakho nodokotela wakho. Qala ngokubhala phansi izimpawu ozibonile, ngisho noma zibonakala zingahlobene ne-kolestero.

Yenza uhlu lwemithi yonke nezinye izinto ozithathayo, kufaka phakathi izilinganiso. Letha irekhodi lemiphumela yakho yakamuva yokuhlonzwa kwe-kolestero uma unayo. Udokotela wakho udinga lolu lwazi ukuze alandele izinguquko ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Bhala phansi imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza. Lokhu kungafaka imibuzo mayelana namazinga akho e-kolestero, imiphumela emibi yemithi, noma ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa kangaki. Unganqikazi ukubuza noma yini ekukhathazayo.

Cabanga ngokuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ukuze akusize ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile. Bangase futhi banikeze ukwesekwa uma uzizwa ucindezelekile ngokuxilongwa kwakho noma uhlelo lokwelapha.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko Mayelana Nokuqina Kwe-Kholesterol Egazini?

Ukuqina kwe-kolestero kuyisimo esiphatheka esiphendula kahle ekwelapheni. Nakuba kukhuphula ingozi yakho yesifo senhliziyo nesifo sobuchopho, unamandla okuthuthukisa kakhulu amazinga akho e-kolestero ngokukhetha indlela yokuphila enempilo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuqina kwe-kolestero ngokuvamile akunazimpawu, okwenza ukuhlolwa okuvamile kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukutholakala kwasekuqaleni nokuphathwa kungavimbela izinkinga ezinkulu futhi kukusize uphile impilo ende, enempilo.

Sebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuthuthukisa uhlelo lokwelapha oluhambisana nendlela yakho yokuphila nemigomo yempilo. Ngokuzama okuqhubekayo nokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha, abantu abaningi abane-kolestero eqinile bangafinyelela futhi bagcine amazinga anempilo.

Imibuzo Evamile Mayelana Nokuqina Kwe-Kholesterol Egazini

UMbuzo 1: Ngingadla amaqanda yini uma ngine-kolestero eqinile?

Yebo, ungadla amaqanda ngokulinganisela uma une-kolestero eqinile. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonisa ukuthi i-kolestero yokudla inenzuzo encane e-kolestero yegazi kunokwakucatshangelwa ngaphambili. I-fats ehlanganisiwe ne-trans fats ekudleni kwakho inenzuzo enkulu. Abantu abaningi bangadla ngokuphepha iqanda elilodwa ngosuku njengengxenye yokudla okunempilo yinhliziyo.

UMbuzo 2: Ukushintsha indlela yokuphila kunganciphisa kanjani i-kolestero yami ngokushesha?

Ungaqala ukubona ukuthuthuka amazinga akho e-kolestero phakathi kwamasonto angu-6-8 ngokwenza izinguquko eziqhubekayo zendlela yokuphila. Kodwa-ke, kungathatha izinyanga ezingu-3-6 ukubona imiphumela ephelele yokuqala ukudla nokuzivocavoca. Abanye abantu babona ukuthuthuka okukhulu ngokushesha, kanti abanye badinga isikhathi eside. Udokotela wakho uzoqapha intuthuko yakho ngokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo kwegazi.

UMbuzo 3: Imithi ye-kolestero iphephile yini ukuyithatha isikhathi eside?

Yebo, imithi ye-kolestero efana ne-statins ngokuvamile iphephile ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside uma iyalelwe futhi iqapha udokotela wakho. Izigidi zabantu bathatha le mithi iminyaka ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Nakuba imiphumela emibi ingaba khona, ngokuvamile iyancipha futhi ilawuleka. Udokotela wakho uzokulandela njalo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imithi iyaqhubeka iphephile futhi isebenza.

UMbuzo 4: Ingabe ukucindezeleka kungathinta amazinga ami e-kolestero?

Yebo, ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo kungathinta ngokungaqondile amazinga akho e-kolestero. Ukucindezeleka ngokuvamile kuholela emikhumbeni engaphilile njengokudla okukhulu, ukukhetha ukudla okunemafutha okunethezeka, ukushiya ukuzivocavoca, noma ukubhema okuningi. Le mikhuba ingakhuphula i-kolestero yakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-hormone okucindezeleka njenge-cortisol angase athinte ngokuqondile indlela umzimba wakho uvelisa futhi usebenza ngayo i-kolestero.

UMbuzo 5: Ingabe ukuqina kwe-kolestero kuyafa?

Ukuqina kwe-kolestero kungaba yifa, kodwa akuyona into engaqaleki. Nakuba i-jini lakho lithinta indlela umzimba wakho uvelisa futhi usebenza ngayo i-kolestero, izinto zendlela yokuphila zidla indima enkulu kubantu abaningi. Ngisho noma ukuqina kwe-kolestero kuqhubeka emndenini wakho, ukudla okunempilo nokuzivocavoca njalo ngokuvamile kungagcina amazinga akho ezingeni elihle. Abanye abantu bafa isimo esinjenge-familial hypercholesterolemia, esidinga ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kungakhathaliseki indlela yokuphila.