Ukuqina Kwegazi: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuqina kwegazi, okubizwa nangokuthi i-hypertension, kwenzeka lapho amandla egazi elicindezela odongeni lwe-artery akhulu kakhulu isikhathi eside. Cabanga ngamanzi ageleza ngompompi wegadi ngamandla amaningi kakhulu - ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, leyo mandla engeziwe ingalimaza odonga lompompi.

Lesi simo sihlupha cishe ingxenye yabantu abadala, kodwa abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi banaso. Kungakho odokotela bethi ukuqina kwegazi “umqashi ongenamizwa” - kulimaza umzimba wakho ngokuthula ngaphandle kwesixwayiso esicacile.

Ukuqina Kwegazi Yini?

Ukuqina kwegazi kuyilinganisa ukuthi inhliziyo yakho isebenza kanzima kangakanani ukuthumela igazi emzimbeni wakho. Uma uthola ukuqina kwegazi, uzothola izinombolo ezimbili ezifana ne-120/80.

Inombolo ephezulu (ukucindezela kwe-systolic) ikhombisa amandla lapho inhliziyo yakho ibetha futhi ikhipha igazi. Inombolo engezansi (ukucindezela kwe-diastolic) ilinganisa ukucindezela lapho inhliziyo yakho iphumula phakathi kokubetha.

Ukuqina kwegazi okujwayelekile kuhlala ngaphansi kwe-120/80 mmHg. Ukuqina kwegazi okuphezulu kusho ukuthi izilinganiso zakho zihlala ziyi-130/80 mmHg noma ngaphezulu. Uma ukuqina kwegazi kwakho kuhlala kuphezulu, inhliziyo yakho kumele isebenze kanzima kakhulu kunokufanele.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zokuqina Kwegazi?

Abantu abaningi abane-high blood pressure bazizwa beqondile ngokuphelele, okwenza lesi simo sibe nzima ukubamba ngokushesha. Umzimba wakho uhlala uziqondanisa nokucindezela okuphezulu ngaphandle kokuthumela izixwayiso ezicacile.

Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu baye baba nezibonakaliso ezincane zokuthi kukhona okungase kungalungile:

• Izinhlungu zikhanda ezihluke kwizinto zakho ezijwayelekile
• Ukuzizwa ukhuluphala noma ukhanya, ikakhulukazi uma ukuma
• Ukubona okungacaceki noma okubili
• I-nosebleeds eyenzeka kaningi kunokujwayelekile
• Ukuphefumula okufushane ngesikhathi semisebenzi evamile
• Ubuhlungu noma ukucindezeleka kwesifuba
• Ukukhathala okungaphuli ngokuphumula

Ezimeni ezingavamile, ukuqina kwegazi okuphezulu kakhulu kungabangela izimpawu ezinzima ezifana nezinhlungu zikhanda ezinzima, ukudideka, noma isicanucanu. Lezi zimpawu zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ngoba zibonisa ingozi ephakeme.

Khumbula, ukungabikho kwezimpawu akusho ukuthi ukuqina kwegazi kwakho kulungile. Ukuhlola okujwayelekile kuhlala kuyindlela ethembekile yokubamba ukuqina kwegazi ngokushesha.

Ziyini Izinhlobo Zokuqina Kwegazi?

Odokotela bahlukanisa ukuqina kwegazi zibe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe ekuthini okubangela. Ukuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olukhona kusiza ekuthola indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu.

I-hypertension eyinhloko ithuthuka kancane kancane eminyakeni eminingi ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile esisekelayo. Lolu hlobo luhlanganisa cishe i-90-95% yazo zonke izimo zokuqina kwegazi. I-genetics yakho, indlela yokuphila, nobudala bakho konke kudlala indima ekuthuthukiseni i-hypertension eyinhloko.

I-hypertension yesibili iyenzeka lapho enye isimo sezokwelapha noma imithi ibangela ukuqina kwegazi kwakho ukuphakama. Lolu hlobo luhlala lubonakala ngokushesha futhi lubangele izilinganiso eziphezulu kunokuthi i-hypertension eyinhloko.

Izimbangela ezivamile ze-hypertension yesibili zihlanganisa isifo sokugaya, i-sleep apnea, izinkinga ze-thyroid, nemithi ethile efana nezipilisi zokulawula ukubeletha noma i-decongestants. Ukwelapha isimo esisekelayo kuhlala kusiza ekulawuleni i-hypertension yesibili.

Yini Ebangela Ukuqina Kwegazi?

Ukuqina kwegazi kuthuthuka lapho izinto eziningi zisebenza ndawonye ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuze zicindezele uhlelo lwakho lokugaya igazi. Inethiwekhi enzima yomzimba wakho ye-blood vessels, ama-hormones, namalungu konke kuchaphazela ukuqina kwegazi kwakho.

Izinto eziningi ezivamile zinikezela ekuthuthukiseni ukuqina kwegazi okuphezulu:

• Ukudla usawoti omningi, okwenza umzimba wakho ugcine amanzi engeziwe
• Ukuba ngumkhulu, okucindezela inhliziyo yakho ukuba iqhubeke kanzima
• Ukungeni umzimba ngokwanele
• Ukuphuza utshwala omningi njalo
• Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo yotshwala
• Ukuhlupheka okungapheli okugcina umzimba wakho usekhonweni lokulwa noma ukubaleka
• Ukungeni i-potassium ngokwanele ekudleni kwakho
• Umlando womndeni wokuqina kwegazi okuphezulu

Izimbangela ezingavamile kodwa ezibalulekile zihlanganisa isifo sokugaya, ukuphazamiseka kwama-hormones njenge-hyperthyroidism, ne-sleep apnea. Imithi ethile ingaphakamisa futhi ukuqina kwegazi, kufaka phakathi abanye abaphuli bobuhlungu, i-antidepressants, nezipilisi zokulawula ukubeletha.

Ubudala budlala indima ebalulekile futhi - i-arteries yakho ihlala ingabi namandla njengoba ukhula, okungaphakamisa ukuqina kwegazi. Ukuqonda lezi zimbangela kusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuba enze uhlelo oluqondana nesimo sakho esithile.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Ngokuqina Kwegazi?

Kufanele uthole ukuqina kwegazi kwakho kuhlolwe njalo, ngisho noma uzizwa uphilile ngokuphelele. Abantu abadala abaningi badinga ukuhlolwa okungenani kanye eminyakeni emibili, noma kaningi uma unezingozi.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti ngokushesha uma uqaphela izimpawu ezifana nezinhlungu zikhanda ezihlala njalo, ukuzizwa ukhuluphala, noma ukuphefumula okufushane. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa ukuthi ukuqina kwegazi kwakho kudinga ukunakekelwa.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinzima ezifana nobuhlungu obukhulu bekhanda, ubuhlungu besifuba, ukuphefumula okunzima, noma ukudideka. Lokhu kungabonisa ingozi ephakeme edinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Uma usuvele wazi ukuthi une-high blood pressure, bona udokotela wakho njalo ukuze uqaphele isimo sakho futhi ulungise ukwelashwa njengoba kudingeka. Abantu abaningi badinga ukuvakashela okuqhubekayo njalo ngenyanga ezingu-3-6 kuze kube yilapho ukuqina kwabo kwegazi kuhlala kulawulwa kahle.

Ziyini Izingozi Zokuqina Kwegazi?

Ezinye izingozi zokuqina kwegazi ungazilawula, kanti ezinye awukwazi. Ukwazi ingozi yakho siqu kusiza ukuba wenze izinqumo ezilwemi mayelana nempilo yakho.

Izingozi ongazishintsha zihlanganisa:

• Ukuba ngumkhulu noma ukukhulu kakhulu
• Ukudla ukudla okunosawoti omningi nokungeni i-potassium
• Ukungeni umzimba njalo
• Ukuphuza utshwala omningi
• Ukubhema noma ukusebenzisa utshwala
• Ukuba nokuhlupheka okungapheli
• Ukungeni ubuthongo obukhulu

Izingozi ongenakuzishintsha zihlanganisa ubudala bakho, umlando womndeni, uhlanga, nobulili. Amadoda ahlala ethuthukisa ukuqina kwegazi okuphezulu ngokushesha, kuyilapho ingozi yabesifazane iphakama ngemuva kwe-menopause.

Abantu base-Afrika banengozi ephakeme futhi bahlala bethuthukisa izinkinga ezinzima. Ukuba nesifo sikashukela noma isifo sokugaya esingapheli futhi kuphakamisa kakhulu ingozi yakho.

Ngisho noma unezingozi ongenakuzilawula, ukugxila kulawo ongazishintsha kwenza umehluko wangempela empilweni yakho yonke.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingase Zenzeke Ngokuqina Kwegazi?

Ukuqina kwegazi okungaphathwe kungalimaza amalungu akho ngokuthula ezinyangeni naseminyakeni eminingi. Ukucindezela okwengeziwe okuhlala njalo kuya kuqeda i-blood vessels yakho futhi kwenze inhliziyo yakho isebenze ngokweqile.

Izingozi ezivamile ezingathuthuka zihlanganisa:

• Isifo senhliziyo nezingozi zenhliziyo
• Isifo sobuchopho esivela e-blood vessels eyonakele ebuchosheni
• Ukonakala kwesisu okungabangela ukwehluleka kwesisu
• Izinkinga zokubona ezivela e-blood vessels eyonakele emehlweni akho
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo lapho inhliziyo yakho iye ibuthakathaka kakhulu ukupompa ngokuphumelelayo
• Isifo se-artery esiphezulu esithinta ukugaya igazi ezinyaweni zakho

Izingozi ezinzima kodwa ezingavamile zihlanganisa i-aortic aneurysms, lapho i-artery ephambili enhliziyweni yakho iye ibuthakathaka futhi iphume.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukwelapha ukuqina kwegazi kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yalezi zingozi. Ngisho nokuthuthuka okuncane ekuqineni kwegazi kwakho kungavikela amalungu akho futhi kuqhubekise ukuphila kwakho.

Ukuqina Kwegazi Kungavikeleka Kanjani?

Ungathatha izinyathelo eziningi zokuvimbela ukuqina kwegazi okuphezulu noma ukuvimbela ukuba kube sibi. Ukushintsha okuncane, okuhlala njalo emikhweni yakho yansuku zonke kungenza umehluko omkhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Qala ngokudla kwakho ngokunciphisa usawoti nokudla imifino nemifino eminingi. Ukudla kwe-DASH (Izindlela Zokudla Zokumisa Ukuqina Kwegazi) kuye kwabonakala kuphumelela kakhulu ekulawuleni ukuqina kwegazi.

Ukuzivocavoca okujwayelekile kusiza ekuqiniseni inhliziyo yakho nokwenza ukugaya igazi kube ngcono. Hlose okungenani imizuzu engama-30 yokuvivinya umzimba okulinganiselwe izinsuku eziningi zeviki. Ngisho nokuhamba okusheshayo kubalwa njengokuvivinya umzimba okuzuzisayo.

Gcina isisindo esinempilo, linganisela utshwala, futhi ugweme imikhiqizo yotshwala. Ukulawula ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokupumula, ubuthongo obukhulu, nokwesekwa komphakathi kusiza futhi ekuqinisweni kwegazi.

Uma unemlando womndeni noma ezinye izingozi ongenakuzishintsha, lezi zinguquko zendlela yokuphila ziyaba yibaluleke kakhulu ekuvinjelweni.

Ukuqina Kwegazi Kuhlolwa Kanjani?

Ukuthola ukuqina kwegazi kudinga izilinganiso eziningi ezithathwe ezinsukwini ezahlukene. Udokotela wakho ngeke akubize ukuthi une-hypertension ngokusekelwe ekufundeni okuphezulu okukodwa.

Ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakho, uzohlala uzothula imizuzu embalwa ngaphambi kokulinganisa. I-blood pressure cuff kufanele ifanele kahle phezu kwesandla sakho, futhi kufanele ugweme i-caffeine noma ukuzivocavoca ngaphambili.

Udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukuqapha ukuqina kwegazi ekhaya ukuze uthole isithombe esicacile samasu akho ansuku zonke. Abanye abantu bane-“white coat hypertension” lapho ukuqina kwabo kwegazi kuphakama kuphela ezindaweni zezokwelapha.

Izivivinyo ezengeziwe zingase zihlanganise umsebenzi wegazi ukuhlola umsebenzi wesisu, i-electrocardiogram ukuhlola impilo yenhliziyo, nezivivinyo zomgogodla ukubheka i-protein noma ezinye izibonakaliso zokonakala kwamalungu.

Lezi zivivinyo zisiza ekuthola ukuthi ukuqina kwakho kwegazi okuphezulu kube yimbangela yazo zonke izingozi futhi kuqondise uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha.

Ukuphathwa Kwegazi Okuphezulu Yini?

Ukuphathwa kokuqina kwegazi okuphezulu kuvame ukuqala ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila futhi kungase kuhlanganise imithi uma kudingeka. Udokotela wakho uzohlangana nawe ukuze uthole indlela efanele isimo sakho.

Ukushintsha indlela yokuphila kuyisisekelo sokwelashwa:

1. Landela ukudla okunempilo kwenhliziyo okunosawoti omncane ne-potassium eminingi
2. Zivocavoce njalo ngemisebenzi oyithandayo
3. Gcina isisindo esinempilo ngokudla okulinganiselayo nokuzivocavoca
4. Linganisela utshwala futhi ugweme utshwala ngokuphelele
5. Lawula ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokupumula noma ukwelashwa
6. Thola ubuthongo obukhulu, obukhulu njalo ebusuku

Uma ukushintsha indlela yokuphila kunganelisi, udokotela wakho angase afake imithi. Izinhlobo ezivamile zihlanganisa i-diuretics esiza ekuqedeni amanzi engeziwe, i-ACE inhibitors ephumula i-blood vessels, ne-calcium channel blockers eunciphisa umsebenzi wenhliziyo.

Abantu abaningi badinga imithi engaphezu kweyodwa ukuze bafinyelele ekuqineni kwabo kwegazi okuhlosiwe. Ukufumana ukuxuba okulungile kudinga isikhathi nokubekezela, kodwa umzamo uvikela impilo yakho yesikhathi eside.

Udokotela wakho uzoqapha intuthuko yakho futhi alungise ukwelashwa njengoba kudingeka ukuze agcine ukuqina kwakho kwegazi kububanzi obungcono.

Indlela Yokwelapha Ekhaya Ngesikhathi Sokuqina Kwegazi?

Ukulawula ukuqina kwegazi ekhaya kuhlanganisa imikhuba yansuku zonke ehlala njalo esekela impilo yakho yokugaya igazi. Ukushintsha okuncane okwenzayo nsuku zonke kungaba nomthelela omkhulu ezilinganisweni zakho zokuqina kwegazi.

Qapha ukuqina kwakho kwegazi njalo uma udokotela wakho ekukhuthaza. Gcina irekhodi lezilinganiso zakho, kufaka phakathi isikhathi sosuku nanoma yiziphi izinto ezingase zichaphazele njengokucindezeleka noma imithi ephuthelwe.

Thatha imithi yakho ngokuqondile njengoba kulotshiwe, ngisho noma uzizwa uphilile. Beka izikhumbuzo ocingweni lwakho noma usebenzise umhleli wephilisi ukuze ukhumbule. Ungalokothi uyeke ukuthatha imithi yokuqina kwegazi ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala.

Dala uhlelo lokudla oluphansi lwesoda ngokufunda imibhalo yokudla nokupheka ukudla okuningi ekhaya. Gxila emifino emisha, imifino, ukudla okugcwele, namaprotheni ahlanzekile. Kancane kancane unciphise usawoti ukuze izitho zakho zokunambitha zikwazi ukuqondana.

Thola izindlela zokuhlala usebenza ezihambisana nendlela yakho yokuphila, kungaba ukuhamba, ukuqubha, ukudansa, noma ukulima. Ukuhlala njalo kubaluleke kakhulu kunamandla uma kuziwa ezinzuzweni zokuqina kwegazi.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani I-Aphoyintimenti Yakho Yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza ukuba uthole okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nodokotela wakho. Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke, izithasiselo, namavithamini owathathayo, kufaka phakathi izinto ezingaphezu kokuthengwa.

Bhala phansi noma yiziphi izimpawu oziqaphelayo, ngisho noma zibonakala zingahlobene nokuqina kwegazi. Faka lapho zenzeka khona nokuthi yini engase izibangele.

Uma uqapha ukuqina kwakho kwegazi ekhaya, letha irekhodi lezilinganiso zakho. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuba abone amasiko futhi alungise ukwelashwa ngokufanele.

Lungisa imibuzo mayelana nesimo sakho, izinketho zokwelapha, nezincomo zendlela yokuphila. Unganqikazi ukubuza nganoma yini ekukhathazayo noma okungakuqondi.

Letha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani uma ufuna ukwesekwa noma usizo ekukhumbula ulwazi oluvela ekuvakasheni.

Iyini I-Takeaway Key Mayelana Nokuqina Kwegazi?

Ukuqina kwegazi kuyisimo esilawuleka esiphendula kahle ekwelapheni uma kubanjwe ngokushesha. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi unethando elikhulu ekulawuleni ukuqina kwakho kwegazi ngokukhetha kwakho kwansuku zonke.

Ukuqapha okujwayelekile nokuphathwa okuhlala njalo kungavimbela izingozi ezinzima futhi kusiza ukuba uphile impilo egcwele, esebenzayo. Abantu abaningi baqondisa ukuqina kwabo kwegazi ngempumelelo ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila kuphela, kanti abanye badinga imithi ukuze bafinyelele imigomo yabo.

Sebenzani eduze neqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuze uthole indlela efanele kuwe. Ngokuphathwa okuqondile, ukuqina kwegazi akudingeki ukuthi kuvimbele imisebenzi yakho noma ikhwalithi yokuphila.

Khumbula ukuthi ukulawula ukuqina kwegazi kuyisibopho sesikhathi eside, kodwa ukutshala imali empilweni yakho kukhokhelwa ngokunciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo, isifo sobuchopho, nezinye izingozi.

Imibuzo Evamile Mayelana Nokuqina Kwegazi

Ingabe ukuqina kwegazi kungaphiliswa ngokuphelele?

Ukuqina kwegazi akunakupheliswa, kodwa kungalawulwa kahle ngokwelashwa okuqondile. Abantu abaningi bagcina izilinganiso zokuqina kwegazi okujwayelekile iminyaka eminingi ngokuxuba okulungile kokushintsha indlela yokuphila nemithi. Isifiso sokulawula okuhlala njalo kunokulindela ukwelashwa okuhlala njalo.

Ingabe kuphephile ukuzivocavoca ngokuqina kwegazi?

Ukuzivocavoca kuvame ukuphephile futhi kuzuzisa abantu abane-high blood pressure, kodwa kufanele ukhulume nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuqala uhlelo oluqondile lokuzivocavoca. Ukuzivocavoca okujwayelekile empeleni kusiza ekuqinisweni kwegazi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Udokotela wakho angakukhomba izinhlobo ezinhle kakhulu namandla okuvivinya umzimba ngesimo sakho esithile.

Ukushintsha indlela yokuphila kunganciphisa kanjani ukuqina kwegazi?

Ungase ubone ukuthuthuka ekuqineni kwakho kwegazi phakathi kwamasonto angu-2-4 ukwenza ukushintsha okuhlala njalo kwendlela yokuphila. Ukuncipha kokudla usawoti kungabonisa imiphumela phakathi kwezinsuku, kuyilapho ukunciphisa isisindo nokuzivocavoca okujwayelekile kuvame ukuthatha amasonto ambalwa ukuze kuthinte izilinganiso zokuqina kwegazi. Abanye abantu babona ukuthuthuka okukhulu, kanti abanye badinga isikhathi esiningi.

Yikuphi ukudla okufanele ngikugweme ngokuqina kwegazi?

Linganisela ukudla okunosawoti omningi njengenyamasende eziqediwe, usoso oluqediwe, ukudla kwendawo yokudlela, namaswidi aqediwe. Futhi unciphise amafutha agcwele atholakala ekudleni okubhakiwe nasemikhiqizweni yobisi egcwele. Ukuphuza utshwala okweqile ne-caffeine kungaphakamisa futhi ukuqina kwegazi kwabanye abantu. Gxila ekudleni okusha, okugcwele esikhundleni sezinketho eziqediwe.

Ingabe ukucindezeleka kungenza ukuqina kwegazi?

Ukuhlupheka okungapheli kungase kube yimbangela yokuqina kwegazi ngokubangela umzimba wakho ukuba ukhulule ama-hormones aphakamisa isikhashana ukuqina kwegazi. Ngesikhathi izimpendulo zokucindezeleka zesikhathi esifushane zijwayelekile, ukucindezeleka okuqhubekayo emsebenzini, ubudlelwane, noma ezinye izinto kungabangela ukuqina kwegazi okuhlala njalo. Ukufunda izindlela zokulawula ukucindezeleka kungasiza ekuvikeleni impilo yakho yokugaya igazi.