Ukuqina Kwegazi Ezinganeni: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuqina kwegazi ezinganeni kwenzeka lapho amandla egazi eliqhubayo emadongeni e-artery ehlala ephezulu kunokujwayelekile ngokweminyaka yalo, ukuphakama, nobulili. Nakuba kungavamile kunasekubeni kwabantu abadala, ukuqina kwegazi kwabantwana kuya kakhulu futhi kungathinta impilo yengane yakho isikhathi eside uma kungelashwa.

Ngokungafani nabantu abadala abanamanani egazi ajwayelekile, ukuqina kwegazi kwabantwana kuqhathaniswa ne-percentiles ngokweminyaka yabo, ubulili, nokuphakama. Lokhu kwenza kube nzima ukukuqonda, kodwa udokotela wakho wezingane unezithuluzi namagrafu okuqonda ukuthi ukufunda kwengane yakho kukhathazayo yini.

Ukuqina Kwegazi Ezinganeni Yini?

Ukuqina kwegazi, okuthiwa futhi yi-hypertension, kwenzeka lapho igazi lengane yakho licindezela kakhulu emadongeni e-artery ayo isikhathi eside. Cabanga ngamanzi aqhubeka ngompompi yensimu ngamandla amaningi kakhulu.

Ezinganeni, ukuqina kwegazi kuhlukaniswe izigaba ngokusekelwe kwi-percentiles. Ukuqina kwegazi okujwayelekile kuwela ngaphansi kwe-90th percentile yeminyaka yengane yakho, ubulili, nokuphakama. Ukuqina kwegazi kuphikiswa lapho ukufunda kuhlala kuwela noma kuphezulu kwe-95th percentile izikhathi eziningi.

Kukhona futhi isigaba esibizwa ngokuthi ukuqina kwegazi okuphakanyisiwe, okuhleli phakathi kwe-90th ne-95th percentiles. Lokhu kusebenza njengophawu lokuqala lokuthi ingane yakho ingaba nokuqina kwegazi ngaphandle kokungenelela.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zokuqina Kwegazi Ezinganeni?

Iningi lezingane ezinawo ukuqina kwegazi azibonisi izimpawu ezicacile, yingakho kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi “isimo esithule.” Lokhu kwenza ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile nodokotela wakho wezingane kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthola ngokushesha.

Lapho izimpawu ziveleka, zingaba zimbi futhi kulula ukuziphoxa. Nanka amaphuzu angabonisa ukuqina kwegazi ezinganeni zakho:

• Izinhlungu zikhanda ezivamile, ikakhulukazi ekuseni
• Ukudideka noma ukuzizwa ukhanya
• Ukubona okuphazamisekile noma okubili
• Ukuphuma kwegazi ekhathini okuvamile kunokujwayelekile
• Ukuphefumula okufushane ngesikhathi semisebenzi evamile
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo
• Ukukhathala noma ukuzizwa ukhathele ngokungajwayelekile
• Ukukhuluphala noma ubusuku obungakhululekile

Ezimeni ezingavamile, ukuqina kwegazi okuphezulu kakhulu kungabangela izimpawu ezinzima njengezinhlungu zikhanda ezinzima, ukugabha, ukudideka, noma ukuhlwitha. Lokhu kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha futhi akufanele kuphoxwe.

Ziyini Izinhlobo Zokuqina Kwegazi Ezinganeni?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokuqina kwegazi ezinganeni, nokuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo ingane yakho elinayo kusiza ekutholeni indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu.

I-hypertension eyinhloko ithuthuka kancane kancane ngaphandle kwesizathu sezempilo esiyisisekelo. Lolu hlobo luya kakhulu ezinganeni, ikakhulukazi ezinomthamo omkhulu, futhi ngokuvamile lubeka ezinganeni ezindala nentsha.

I-hypertension yesibili ibangelwa yisimo sezempilo esiyisisekelo noma imithi. Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezincane nabancane. Ukuqina kwegazi ngokuvamile kubuyela ekujwayelekile uma isizathu esiyisisekelo silashwa.

Yini Ebangela Ukuqina Kwegazi Ezinganeni?

Izimbangela zokuqina kwegazi ezinganeni zihluka kakhulu kuye ngeminyaka yengane yakho nempilo yonke. Ukuqonda lezi zimbangela kusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuba ncebo yokwelapha ephumelelayo.

Ngokuqina kwegazi eyinhloko, izici zesitayela sokuphila zidlalela indima enkulu. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• Ukuba ngomthamo omkhulu noma olukhulu
• Ukudla usawoti omningi noma ukudla okuqediwe
• Ukungatholi umsebenzi womzimba owanele
• Umlando womndeni wokuqina kwegazi
• Ukuhlupheka okungapheli noma ukukhathazeka
• Imikhuba yokulala embi noma izifo zokulala

Ukuqina kwegazi yesibili kuvela ezimweni ezithile zezempilo ezihlobene nendlela umzimba wengane yakho ulawula ngayo ukuqina kwegazi. Izimbangela ezivamile zifaka phakathi:

• Izinkinga zezinso, kufaka phakathi ukutheleleka noma ukungapheleli kwesakhiwo
• Iziphoso zenhliziyo ezikhona kusukela ekuzalweni
• Ukuqina kwe-aorta (coarctation)
• Izifo ze-endocrine ezihlobene ne-hormones
• I-sleep apnea noma ezinye izifo zokuphefumula
• Imithi ethile, kufaka phakathi eminye imithi yokuthengisa ngaphandle kwesikripthi

Izimbangela ezingavamile zingafaka ama-tumors akhiqiza ama-hormones, ukungapheleli kwezitho zegazi, noma izimo zezakhiwo ezihlobene nokulawulwa kokucindezela kwegazi. Udokotela wakho uzoqala lezi zinto uma ukuhlolwa kokuqala kungabonisi isizathu esicacile.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Ngokuqina Kwegazi Ezinganeni?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho wezingane uma ingane yakho ihlushwa izimpawu eziqhubekayo njengezinhlungu zikhanda ezivamile, ukudideka, noma ukushintsha kokubona. Lezi zimpawu zidinga ukuhlolwa kokucindezela kwegazi ngisho noma ingane yakho ibukeka inempilo.

Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kubalulekile ngoba iningi lezingane ezinawo ukuqina kwegazi alibonisi zimpawu. I-American Academy of Pediatrics iphakamisa ukuhlolwa kweminyaka yonke kokucindezela kwegazi kusukela eminyakeni emi-3 kubantwana abaningi.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ingane yakho ihlushwa izinhlungu zikhanda ezinzima ngokugabha, ukudideka, ukuphefumula okunzima, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma noma yikuphi ukushintsha ngokuzumayo kokubona noma ukuziphatha. Lokhu kungabonisa ukuqina kwegazi okuphezulu okudingayo ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Ziyini Izici Zengozi Zokuqina Kwegazi Ezinganeni?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba engane yakho okuthola ukuqina kwegazi, nakuba ukuba nezici zengozi akusho ukuthi ingane yakho izothola lesi simo.

Izici ezibaluleke kakhulu zengozi zifaka phakathi:

• Ukuba ngomthamo omkhulu noma olukhulu
• Umlando womndeni wokuqina kwegazi noma isifo senhliziyo
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma ngesisindo esincane sokuzalwa
• Ukuba nesifo sikashukela noma ukungaphili kahle kwe-insulin
• Isifo sezinso noma ukungapheleli kwezindlela zokukhishwa kwamathumbu
• Izizwe ezithile, kufaka phakathi ama-Afrika America, ama-Hispanic, noma ama-Native American
• Ukuthatha imithi engaphakamisa ukuqina kwegazi

Izici zengozi ezingavamile kodwa ezibalulekile zifaka izifo zokulala, izimo ezingapheli njenge-lupus, ukukhishwa kwe-lead, nezinye iziphoso zenhliziyo ezikhona ekuzalweni. Udokotela wakho wezingane angakusiza ekuqondeni amazinga engozi engane yakho.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingaba khona Zokuqina Kwegazi Ezinganeni?

Uma kungelashwa, ukuqina kwegazi ezinganeni kungabangela izinkinga zezempilo ezinzima ezingase zivele kuphela ebuntwaneni. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukuthola ngokushesha nokwelashwa kungavimbela iningi lezingozi.

Izingozi ezingaba khona zifaka phakathi:

• Izinkinga zenhliziyo, kufaka phakathi umsuka wenhliziyo omkhulu noma ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo
• Ukonakala kwezinso okungaba kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukonakala kwezitho zegazi emzimbeni wonke
• Izinkinga zamehlo, kufaka phakathi ukonakala kwe-retina
• Isifo sobuchopho, nakuba lokhu kungavamile ezinganeni
• Ubunzima bokufunda noma izinkinga zokuqonda

Izingane ezinawo ukuqina kwegazi okuphezulu kakhulu zibhekene nezingozi ezisheshayo, kufaka phakathi ukukhula kwengqondo, ukuhlwitha, noma izinkinga zokushaya kwenhliziyo. Noma kunjalo, lezi zingozi ezinzima azivamile lapho izingane zithola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele.

Ukuqina Kwegazi Ezinganeni Kungavikeleka Kanjani?

Izikhathi eziningi zokuqina kwegazi kwabantwana zingavikeleka ngokukhetha impilo enempilo ongayiqala ukusebenzisa namuhla. Ukuvimbela kuhlala kulula futhi kuphumelela kakhulu kunokwelapha ngemuva kokuthi isimo sivele.

Amasu abalulekile okuvimbela afaka phakathi:

• Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo ngokudla okulinganiselayo nomsebenzi ojwayelekile
• Ukulinganisela usawoti nokudla okuqediwe ekudleni kwengane yakho
• Ukukhuthaza umsebenzi womzimba wansuku zonke okungenani imizuzu engama-60
• Ukuqinisekisa ukulala okwanele ngokweminyaka yengane yakho
• Ukulawula ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokupumula noma ukwelashwa
• Ukugwema ukukhishwa kukatsi olukhulu
• Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile kwezingane ukuthola ngokushesha

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela i-hypertension yesibili ebangelwa yizimo zezempilo, ukwelashwa ngokushesha kwezinkinga eziyisisekelo kungasiza ekuthambiseni izingozi zokucindezela kwegazi.

Ukuqina Kwegazi Ezinganeni Kuhlolwa Kanjani?

Ukuthola ukuqina kwegazi ezinganeni kudinga ukulinganiswa okuqondile kokucindezela kwegazi okwenziwe ngezikhathi ezahlukene. Udokotela wakho wezingane ngeke aphikisise i-hypertension ngokusekelwe ekufundeni okuphezulu okukodwa.

Inkqubo yokuhlola ngokuvamile ihilela ukuthatha ukufunda kokucindezela kwegazi okungenani izikhathi ezintathu, usebenzisa usayizi olufanele lwengalo yengane yakho. Ukulinganiswa bese kuqhathaniswa namagrafu ahlanganisiwe aqonda iminyaka yengane yakho, ubulili, nokuphakama.

Uma ukuqina kwegazi kuqinisekiswe, udokotela wakho cishe uzoyala ukuhlolwa okuqhubekayo ukuze aqonde isizathu. Lokhu kungafaka ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze ahlole ukusebenza kwezinso, ukuhlolwa kwamathumbu, ukuhlolwa kwenhliziyo, noma ukuhlolwa okukhethekile ukuze abone izimo eziyisisekelo.

Yini Ukwelashwa Kokuqina Kwegazi Ezinganeni?

Ukuphathwa kokucindezela kwegazi kwabantwana kuncike esizathwini esiyisisekelo, ububi besimo, nempilo yonke yengane yakho. Umgomo ukuletha ukuqina kwegazi kubanga elijwayelekile ngenkathi uqaphela noma yiziphi izici ezinikezayo.

Ngokuqina kwegazi okuthambile kuya kokuphakathi, ukushintsha kwesitayela sokuphila kuvame ukuba yindlela yokuqala yokwelapha:

• Ukuphathwa kwesisindo ngokudla okunempilo nomsebenzi owandiswe
• Ukushintsha kokudla, kufaka phakathi ukunciphisa usawoti nokukhulisa izithelo nemifino
• Ukuzivocavoca okujwayelekile okufanele iminyaka yengane yakho namandla
• Amakhono okulawula ukucindezeleka
• Imikhuba yokulala eyenziwe ngcono

Lapho ukushintsha kwesitayela sokuphila kunganelisi noma uma ukuqina kwegazi kuphezulu kakhulu, udokotela wakho angancoma imithi. Imithi evamile yokucindezela kwegazi ezinganeni ifaka i-ACE inhibitors, i-calcium channel blockers, noma ama-diuretics, konke kulungiswe ngokulingana kwabantwana.

Ngokuqina kwegazi yesibili, ukwelapha isimo esiyisisekelo ngokuvamile kulungisa inkinga yokucindezela kwegazi. Lokhu kungafaka ukuhlinzwa kweziphoso zenhliziyo, imithi yezinkinga zezinso, noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezithile.

Indlela Yokunakekela Ekhaya Ngesikhathi Sokwelashwa Kokuqina Kwegazi?

Ukusekela ukuphathwa kokucindezela kwegazi kwengane yakho ekhaya kudinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwezici zesitayela sokuphila nokusetshenziswa kwemithi uma kunqunyiwe. Indima yakho njengomzali ibalulekile ekusizeni ingane yakho ukuba ithuthukise imikhuba enempilo.

Dala indawo yokusekela ngokwenza ukudla okunempilo kube yinto yomndeni kunokukhetha ingane yakho. Gcwalisa ikhishi lakho ngezithelo ezintsha, imifino, no-whole grains ngenkathi ugcina ukudla okuqediwe nokudla okunosawoti omningi.

Khuthaza umsebenzi womzimba ngokuthola imisebenzi engane yakho eyithandayo, kungaba ukudansa, ukuqubha, ukuhamba ngebhayisikili, noma ukudlala imidlalo. Yenza kube mnandi kunokuba yinto enzima, futhi hlanganyela njengomndeni uma kungenzeka.

Uma ingane yakho ithatha imithi yokucindezela kwegazi, yenza uhlelo lokuyithatha ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke. Sebenzisa abahlanganisi bemithi noma izikhumbuzo zefoni ukusiza ekuqinisweni, futhi ungalokothi uphuthelwe izilinganiso ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela wakho.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Imihlangano Yakho Nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela umhlangano wengane yakho kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uthola ulwazi olunembile kakhulu nokunakekelwa okuphelele. Ukulungiselela okuhle kungenza umehluko phakathi kokuhambela okusheshayo nokuhlolwa okuphelele.

Ngaphambi komhlangano, bhala phansi noma yiziphi izimpawu ozibonile, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zenzeka nini nokuthi zivame kangakanani. Gcina irekhodi lokufunda kokucindezela kwegazi kwengane yakho uma uqapha ekhaya, kanye nesikhathi sosuku okwenziwe ngaso.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke imithi, izithasiselo, namavithamini ingane yakho eziwathandayo, kufaka phakathi izilinganiso. Lungiselela futhi umlando wezokwelapha womndeni, ikakhulukazi uqaphele abantu bomndeni abanawo ukuqina kwegazi, isifo senhliziyo, noma izinkinga zezinso.

Bhala phansi imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza, njengokuthi yini engabangela ukuqina kwegazi kwengane yakho, yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, nokuthi uzodinga kangaki ukuhambela okuqhubekayo.

Yini Okubalulekile Ngokuqina Kwegazi Ezinganeni?

Ukuqina kwegazi ezinganeni kuyisimo esilawuleka uma kutholwe ngokushesha futhi kuphathwe ngokufanele. Nakuba kungabonakala kuyinkimbinkimbi ekuqaleni, iningi lezingane ezinawo ukuqina kwegazi lingaphila impilo evamile, enempilo ngokunakekelwa okufanele.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuthola ngokushesha kwenza umehluko. Ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile nodokotela wakho wezingane, kanye nokukhetha impilo enempilo, kunikeza isivikelo esihle kakhulu sempilo yenhliziyo yengane yakho.

Ungangabazi ukubuza imibuzo futhi uhlale uhileleke ekunakekelweni kwengane yakho. Udokotela wakho wezingane ungumlingani wakho ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi ingane yakho ikhula inempilo futhi inamandla, ngokucindezela kwegazi okulawulwayo okungeke kuphazamise ubuntwana bayo obukhulu, obujabulisayo.

Imibuzo Evamile Ngokuqina Kwegazi Ezinganeni

Ingabe ingane yami ingakwazi ukuphuma ekuqineni kwegazi?

Ezinye izingane ezinawo ukuqina kwegazi okuthambile zingase zibone ukuqina kwegazi kwazo kuya ekujwayelekile njengoba zikhula, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlobene nokuba ngomthamo omkhulu futhi zithole isisindo esinempilo. Noma kunjalo, izingane ezithola ukuqina kwegazi zidinga ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ngisho noma amanani azo ephucuka, njengoba isimo singabuya ngesikhathi sokuhlupheka, ukugula, noma ukushintsha kwesitayela sokuphila.

Ingabe kuphephile ngengane yami enokuqina kwegazi ukudlala imidlalo?

Iningi lezingane ezinawo ukuqina kwegazi olulawulwayo kahle lingadlala imidlalo nemisebenzi yomzimba ngokuphephile. Eqinisweni, ukuzivocavoca okujwayelekile kuwusizo ekulawuleni ukuqina kwegazi. Udokotela wakho wezingane angase afune ukuhlola isimo sengane yakho futhi mhlawumbe ayicacisele imisebenzi ethile, ikakhulukazi uma ithatha imithi yokucindezela kwegazi noma inezimo zenhliziyo eziyisisekelo.

Ukuqina kwegazi kwengane yami kufanele kuhlolwe kangakanani?

Izingane ezinawo ukuqina kwegazi olutholakele ngokuvamile zidinga ukuqapha okuvamile kunabantwana abaphilile. Ekuqaleni, udokotela wakho angase afune ukuhlola ukuqina kwegazi masonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni kuze kulawulwe kahle. Uma kuqinisile, ukuhlolwa kwenyanga zonke kuya kwezinyanga ezi-6 kuyinto evamile, nakuba lokhu kuhluka kuye ngesimo esithile sengane yakho nokuphendula kokwelashwa.

Ingabe ingane yami izothatha imithi yokucindezela kwegazi phakade?

Akunjalo ngempela. Ezinye izingane zingase ekugcineni ziyeke imithi uma ukuqina kwegazi kwazo kuhlala kulawulwa kahle ngokushintsha kwesitayela sokuphila futhi azinawo amasimo ezempilo ayisisekelo. Noma kunjalo, lesi sinqumo kufanele senziwe ngokucophelela nodokotela wakho wezingane, ozokunciphisa imithi kancane kancane ngenkathi eqapha eduze ukuqina kwegazi ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi kuhlala kubanga eliphilile.

Kufanele ngenzeni uma ngingakwazi ukukhokhela imithi yokucindezela kwegazi yengane yami?

Ungayeki imithi ngaphandle kokukhuluma nodokotela wakho kuqala, njengoba lokhu kungaba yingozi. Izinkampani eziningi zezokwelapha zinikeza izinhlelo zokusiza iziguli ezimindeni eziqondene. Ihhovisi lodokotela wakho wezingane lingakusiza ukuba ufaka isicelo salezi zinhlelo, uthole ezinye izinto ezifanayo, noma uxhumane nezinsiza zendawo ezisiza imindeni ukufinyelela imithi edingekayo ngezindleko eziphansi.