Ukuphuka Kweqakala: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuphuka kweqakala kuyiphukile ingxenye engaphezulu yethambo lomlenze wakho (femur) eduze lapho lixhumana khona ne pelvis yakho. Leliphutha livamise ukubathinta abantu abadala, ikakhulu labo abanethambo elibuthakathaka ngenxa ye-osteoporosis. Noma kunjalo, abantu abasebancane bangaphuka iqakala ngenxa yezingozi ezinamandla amakhulu njengengozi yemoto noma ezemidlalo.

Ukuphuka kweqakala kuyizikhathi ezingathi sína ezidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha. Kuvamile kubantu abadala, ikakhulu labo abanethambo elibuthakathaka ngenxa ye-osteoporosis. Kodwa-ke, nabantu abasebancane bangaphuka iqakala ngenxa yezingozi ezinamandla amakhulu njengengozi yemoto noma ezemidlalo.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuphuka kweqakala?

Isici esicacile sokuphuka kweqakala ubuhlungu obukhulu eqakaleni lakho noma endaweni yesisu eliphantsi, obukhulu uma uzama ukuhamba. Cishe ngeke ukwazi noma kuzokuba nzima kakhulu ukufaka isisindo omunweni oluthintekayo.

Nazi izimpawu ezibalulekile okufanele uzilandele:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu eqakaleni, esiswini eliphantsi, noma emilenzeni engaphezulu
• Ukungaqondi ukufaka isisindo omunweni olulimala
• Umlenze omfishane obonakala uqondiswe ngaphandle
• Ukuqina okukhulu nokungaqondi ukuhambisa iqakala
• Ukuqhuma nokuvuvukala endaweni eqakaleni
• Ukuzwa sengathi umlenze wakho "uyawa" uma uzama ukuqina

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuphuka kweqakala okubangelwa ukucindezela kungabangela izimpawu ezincane. Lezi zingafaka ubuhlungu obuthambile esiswini eliphantsi noma emilenzeni obukhula kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ikakhulu ngesikhathi somsebenzi.

Ziyini izinhlobo zokuphuka kweqakala?

Ukuphuka kweqakala kuhlukaniswa ngokusekelwe ekutheni ukuphuka kwenzeka kuphi ngqo emthambe wakho. Indawo ibalulekile ngoba ithonya indlela ithambo eliphulukisayo ngayo nokuthi yiluphi uhlobo lokwelapha udokotela wakho azokuncoma.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zifaka:

• Ukuphuka komlenze we-femoral: Lokhu kwenzeka engxenyeni encane yethambo ngaphansi kwebhola le-hip joint
• Ukuphuka kwe-Intertrochanteric: Lokhu kwenzeka engxenyeni ebanzi yethambo lomlenze engaphezulu, kancane ngaphansi kokuphuka komlenze
• Ukuphuka kwe-Subtrochanteric: Lokhu kuyiphukile ingxenye engaphansi yethambo lomlenze engaphezulu

Ukuphuka komlenze we-femoral kungaba nzima ukululama ngoba le ndawo inenani elincane legazi. Ukuphuka kwe-Intertrochanteric, nakuba kusengathi sína, ngokuvamile kululama ngokuthembekile ngokwelashwa okufanele.

Yini ebangela ukuphuka kweqakala?

Ukuphuka kweqakala kwenzeka lapho amandla afakwa eqakaleni lakho edlula lokho ithambo elikwazi ukukubhekana nakho. Kubantu abadala abaningi, lokhu kwenzeka ngezigameko ezincane ngoba amathambo abo aye abuthakathaka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izimbangela ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukuwa kusuka ekuqimeneni (okuvamile kubantu abadala)
• Amathambo abuthakathaka ngenxa ye-osteoporosis noma ezinye izifo zamathambo
• Izingozi ezinamandla amakhulu njengengozi yemoto noma yebhayisikili
• Ukulimala kwezemidlalo okuhilela ukushaywa ngqo noma ukuwela okungalungile
• Ukucindezela okuphindaphindayo ethambeni kusuka emisebenzini njengokuqhuba ibanga elide

Ezimeni ezingavamile, izimo ezithile zezokwelapha zingabuthakathaka amathambo kakhulu. Lezi zifaka umdlavuza wamathambo, ukutheleleka ethambeni, noma ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwezidakamizwa ezifana ne-corticosteroids.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela ngokuphuka kweqakala?

Ukuphuka kweqakala kuyizimo eziphuthumayo zezokwelapha ezidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha. Uma ucindezela ukuphuka kweqakala, shayela u-911 noma uye endaweni yokuphuthumayo ngokushesha.

Funani ukunakekelwa okuphuthumayo uma uhlangabezana nalokhu:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu eqakaleni noma esiswini eliphantsi ngemuva kokuwa noma ukulimala
• Ukungaqondi ukufaka isisindo omunweni wakho
• Umlenze wakho ubonakala umfishane noma uqondiswe nge-angle engajwayelekile
• Ubunzima obukhulu bokuhambisa iqakala lakho noma umlenze

Ungazami "ukuhamba ngalo" noma ulinde ukubona ukuthi ubuhlungu buyaphuka. Ukulibazisa ukwelashwa kungabangela izinkinga ezingathi sína futhi kwenze ukululama kube nzima kakhulu.

Ziyini izici ezingaholela ekuphukeni kweqakala?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuhlangabezana nokuphuka kweqakala. Ukuqonda lezi zici ezingaholela ekuphukeni kweqakala kungakusiza uthathe izinyathelo zokuzivimbela.

Izici eziyinhloko ezingaholela ekuphukeni kweqakala zifaka:

• Iminyaka: Ingozi iyakhula kakhulu ngemuva kweminyaka engama-65, ikakhulukazi kwabesifazane
• Osteoporosis: Lesi simo senza amathambo abe buthakathaka futhi abe lula ukuphuka
• Ubulili: Abesifazane banengozi enkulu ngenxa yokushintsha kwamahomoni ngemuva kwe-menopause
• Ukuphuka kwangaphambili: Ukuphaphaka ethambeni ngaphambili kukwandisa ingozi yakho
• Umlando womndeni: I-genetics idlala indima emandleni amathambo nengozi yokuphuka
• Imithi ethile: Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside se-steroid nezinye izidakamizwa zingabuthakathaka amathambo
• Izici zesitayela sokuphila: Ukubhema, ukusebenzisa utshwala ngokweqile, nokuntuleka komsebenzi womzimba

Izici ezingavamile kodwa ezibalulekile ezingaholela ekuphukeni kweqakala zifaka izimo zezokwelapha ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis, isifo sikashukela, nezifo ze-thyroid. Lezi zimo zingathinta impilo yamathambo ngezindlela ezahlukene.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngenxa yokuphuka kweqakala?

Ukuphuka kweqakala kungabangela izinkinga ezingathi sína, kungakho ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubalulekile kangaka. Lezi zinkinga zingathinta kokubili ukululama kwakho okusheshayo nempilo yakho yesikhathi eside.

Izinkinga ezingase zenzeke zifaka:

• I-blood clots: Ukungabi namandla kukwandisa ingozi yama-clots ayingozi emilenzeni yakho noma emaphashini
• Ukutheleleka: Izindawo zokuthunga zingatheleleka, kudingeke ukwelashwa okwengeziwe
• I-Pneumonia: Ukungabi namandla kungabangela izinkinga zamaphashini
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuxhomekeka: Abantu abaningi badinga usizo lokunakekelwa isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuphuka kweqakala
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha: Ukulala embhedeni isikhathi eside kungabangela ukulahleka okukhulu kwemisipha
• Avascular necrosis: Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukunikezwa kwegazi ethambeni kuphazanyiswa

Ngokungavamile, izinkinga zingafaka ukungabi namandla (lapho ithambo lingaphulukisi kahle) noma ukungabi namandla (lapho ithambo liphulukisa endaweni engafanele). Lezi zimo zingadinga ukuhlinzwa okwengeziwe ukuze kulungiswe.

Ukuphuka kweqakala kungavikeleka kanjani?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela yonke imiphumela yokuphuka kweqakala, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho ngokushintsha indlela yokuphila nokukhathalelwa kwezokwelapha. Ukuvimbela kubaluleke kakhulu uma unezici ezingaholela ekuphukeni kweqakala ezifana ne-osteoporosis noma umlando wokuwa.

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuvimbela zifaka:

• Ukuzivocavoca njalo: Imisebenzi yokuthwala isisindo iyasiza ekuqondiseni amandla amathambo nokwenza kube lula ukulinganisela
• I-calcium ne-vitamin D eyanele: Lezi zondlo zibalulekile empilweni yamathambo
• Ukuvimbela ukuwa: Susa izinto ezingaholela ekuweni, thuthukisa ukukhanya, futhi usebenzise amadivayisi okusiza uma kudingeka
• Ukuhlolwa kwamathambo: Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kungathola i-osteoporosis kusenesikhathi
• Ukuphathwa kwemithi: Phatha i-osteoporosis ngemithi ebekiwe uma kufanele
• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo nokuphepha: Izinzwa ezinhle zisiza ekuvimbeleni ukuwa

Udokotela wakho angase futhi ancome ukuqeqeshwa kokulinganisela noma ukuqeqeshwa komzimba uma unesongo elikhulu lokuwa. Abanye abantu bazuza ekuvikelweni kweqakala, okuyizembatho eziqoshiwe ezinganciphisa ingozi yokuphuka ngesikhathi sokuwa.

Ukuphuka kweqakala kuhlonzwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonzwa kokuphuka kweqakala ngokuvamile kuqala ngodokotela wakho ebuza ngezimpawu zakho nendlela ukulimala okwenzeke ngayo. Bazokwenza futhi ukuhlolwa komzimba ukuhlola ubuhlungu bakho, ukunyakaza, nendawo yomlenze wakho.

Inkqubo yokuhlola ngokuvamile ihlanganisa:

• X-rays: Lezi ngokuvamile zivivinyo lokuqala lokwenza izithombe futhi zingabonisa ukuphuka kweqakala okuningi ngokucacile
• MRI noma i-CT scan: Lezi zingase zidingeke uma i-X-rays ingabonisi ukuphuka kodwa kusaphethwe ukuthi kukhona
• Ukuhlolwa komzimba: Udokotela wakho uzohlola ubuhlungu, ukuvuvukala, nokungalingani
• Ukubuyekezwa komlando wezokwelapha: Ukuqonda izici ezingaholela ekuphukeni kweqakala kusiza ekuqondiseni ukwelashwa

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuphuka kweqakala okubangelwa ukucindezela noma ukuphuka okuncane akuqali kubonakale ngokucacile kwi-X-rays yokuqala. Kulezi zimo, udokotela wakho angase ancome i-MRI noma ukuhlolwa kwamathambo ukuze uthole umbono ocacile wendlela yethambo.

Yikuphi ukwelashwa kokuphuka kweqakala?

Ukwelashwa kokuphuka kweqakala cishe kuhlale kuhilela ukuhlinzwa, nakuba inqubo ethile ixhomeke kuhlobo nendawo yokuphuka kwakho. Umgomo ukulungisa ithambo nokwenza uqale ukuhamba kabusha ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.

Izinketho zokuthunga ezivamile zifaka:

• Ukuhlanganisa iqakala: Izikrufu zethusi noma iziplate zigcina izingxenye zethambo eliphukile ndawonye
• Ukuhlanganisa iqakala eliyingxenye: Ingxenye yebhola le-hip joint ithathelwa indawo yeyokwenziwa
• Ukuhlanganisa iqakala eliphelele: Ibhola ne-socket zombili zithathwa indawo yizingxenye zokwenziwa
• Izikrufu zokucindezela iqakala: Izikrufu ezinkulu ziqinisa izinhlobo ezithile zokuphuka

Udokotela wakho uzokhetha inketho engcono kakhulu ngokusekelwe eminyakeni yakho, izinga lomsebenzi, ikhwalithi yethambo, nezici ezithile zokuphuka kwakho. Ukululama ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuqeqeshwa komzimba ukukusiza uphinde uthole amandla nokukwazi ukuhamba.

Ezimeni ezingavamile lapho ukuhlinzwa kungenakwenzeka khona ngenxa yezimo zezokwelapha ezingathi sína, ukwelashwa kungagxila ekuphatheni ubuhlungu nokukhathalela okududuzayo. Noma kunjalo, le ndlela icabangelwa kuphela lapho ukuhlinzwa kuyingozi kakhulu empilweni yakho yonke.

Indlela yokuphatha ukululama ekhaya ngemuva kokwelashwa kokuphuka kweqakala?

Ukululama ekhaya ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kokuphuka kweqakala kudinga isineke nokunakekela ngokucophelela imiyalo yodokotela wakho. Inqubo yakho yokululama izoba kancane kancane, futhi kubalulekile ukulinganisela ukuphumula nomsebenzi ofanele.

Izici eziyinhloko zokunakekelwa ekhaya zifaka:

• Ukulandela ukulinganiselwa kokufaka isisindo: Udokotela wakho uzokutshela ukuthi yisiphi isisindo ongasifaka omunweni wakho
• Ukuthatha imithi njengoba kunqunyiwe: Lokhu kuhlanganisa imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu ne-blood thinners ukuvimbela ama-clots
• Ukuya ekuqeqeshweni komzimba: Izikhathi ezivamile zisiza ekuqondiseni amandla nokukwazi ukuhamba
• Ukukhathalela isifo: Gcina isithungo sakho sokuhlinzwa sihlanzekile futhi siwomile
• Ukusebenzisa amadivayisi okusiza: Izihambi, izinti, noma izintambo zikusiza uhambe ngokuphepha
• Ukwenza izinguquko ekhaya: Susa izinto ezingaholela ekuweni futhi ufake izintambo zokubamba

Qaphela izimpawu zezinkinga ezifana nobuhlungu obukhulu, ukuvuvukala, ubomvu endaweni ethungwe, noma ubunzima bokuqeda umoya. Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uqaphela izimpawu ezithinta.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho yodokotela?

Uma ubhekene nobuhlungu beqakala noma ulimele iqakala, ukulungiselela ukuvakashela udokotela wakho kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu. Ukuba nolwazi olufanele okulungile kulondoloza isikhathi futhi kusiza udokotela wakho ukwenza ukuxilonga okuchaneka.

Ngaphambi kwe-appointment yakho, buthana:

• Uhlu lwemithi: Hlanganisa yonke imithi yokwelapha, izithasiselo, nemithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwesikripthi
• Umlando wezokwelapha: Ukuphuka kwangaphambili, ukuhlinzwa, nezimo ezingapheli
• Ulwazi loku-inshorensi: Letha amakhadi akho oku-inshorensi nanoma yimaphi amaphepha oku-referral
• Imininingwane yesimpawu: Lapho ubuhlungu luqale, yini eyenza lube ngcono noma libi
• Imibuzo okumele uyibuze: Bhala izinkathazo ofuna ukuzixoxa

Kusiza futhi ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ongakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile futhi anikeze ukwesekwa ngesikhathi se-appointment. Bangakusiza futhi ngokuthutha uma ubunzima bokuhamba.

Yini okufanele uyikhumbule ngokuphuka kweqakala?

Ukuphuka kweqakala kuyizikhathi ezingathi sína ezidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha, kodwa ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi bangabuyela emisebenzini yabo evamile. Okubalulekile ukuthola usizo ngokushesha nokulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa ngokucophelela.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuvimbela yilona thuluzi elihle kakhulu lokuvikela ekuphukeni kweqakala. Ukuqondisa amathambo amandla ngokudla okufanele, ukuzivocavoca, nokukhathalelwa kwezokwelapha kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho. Uma uhlangabezana nokuphuka kweqakala, izindlela zokuthunga zanamuhla nezinhlelo zokululama zinikeza imiphumela emihle kubantu abaningi.

Ungangabazi ukufuna usizo uma ubhekene nobuhlungu beqakala noma unezinkathazo ngempilo yamathambo akho. Ukungenelela kusenesikhathi nokukhathalela okufanele kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuphulukeni kwakho nekhwalithi yempilo yesikhathi eside.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa ngokuphuka kweqakala

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukululama ekuphukeni kweqakala?

Isikhathi sokululama sihluka kuye ngeminyaka yakho, impilo yonke, nohlobo lokuphuka. Abantu abaningi baqala ukuhamba ngosizo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Ukululama okuphelele ngokuvamile kuthatha izinyanga eziyi-3 kuya kweziyi-6, nakuba abanye abantu bengadinga isikhathi eside. Abantu abasebancane, abaphilile ngokuvamile balulama ngokushesha kunabantu abadala abanezinhlungu eziningi zezempilo.

Ungahamba yini ngeqakala eliphukile?

Ngokuvamile, cha. Ukuphuka kweqakala okuningi kwenza kube nzima noma kube buhlungu kakhulu ukufaka isisindo omunweni oluthintekayo. Ukuzama ukuhamba ngeqakala eliphukile kungenza ukulimala kube sibi futhi kubangele umonakalo owengeziwe. Uma ucindezela ukuphuka kweqakala, gwema ukufaka isisindo omunweni futhi funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Iyini izinga lokuphila ngemuva kokuphuka kweqakala?

Iningi labantu liyaphila ngemuva kokuphuka kweqakala ngokwelashwa okufanele kwezokwelapha. Noma kunjalo, ukuphuka kweqakala kungaba yingozi eyingozi, ikakhulu kubantu abadala. Izifundo zibonisa ukuthi cishe u-80-90% wabantu baphila unyaka wokuqala ngemuva kokuphuka kweqakala. Ingozi iphakeme kubantu abanezinhlungu eziningi zezempilo noma labo abahlangabezana nezinkinga.

Ingabe ngizodinga isihambi noma intambo unomphela ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kokuphuka kweqakala?

Abantu abaningi abadingi usizo lokuhamba unomphela ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kokuphuka kweqakala. Ekuqaleni, cishe uzosebenzisa isihambi, izinti, noma intambo ngenkathi ithambo lakho liphulukisa futhi uphinde uthole amandla. Abantu abaningi bangabuyela ekuhambeni ngokuzimela ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Noma kunjalo, abanye abantu bangase bazuze ekuqhubekeni nokusebenzisa intambo ukuze baqiniseke futhi baqiniseke.

Ingabe ukuphuka kweqakala kungaqhubeka kwenzeka endaweni efanayo?

Ukuphuka kweqakala ngokungavamile kwenzeka endaweni efanayo ngemuva kokulungiswa kokuhlinzwa, njengoba izinto zethusi ezisetshenzisiwe ngokuvamile ziqine kunethambo lokuqala. Noma kunjalo, ungase ube sengozini enkulu yokuphuka kwezinye izingxenye zeqakala elifanayo noma eqakaleni lakho elinye, ikakhulu uma unezici eziqhubekayo ezingaholela ekuphukeni kweqakala ezifana ne-osteoporosis.