Histoplasmosis

I-Histoplasmosis yisifo esibangelwa ukuphefumula ama-spores e-fungus etholakala kaningi egazini lezinyamazane nezimpukane. Abantu bavame ukuyithola ngokuphefumula la ma-spores lapho ephakama emoyeni ngesikhathi semisebenzi yokuqothula noma yokuhlanza.

Ulukhuni oluthelelekile yi-gazini lezinyamazane noma izimpukane lungasakaza i-histoplasmosis, okwenza abalimi nabalimi bezindawo ezikhazimulayo babe sengozini enkulu yesifo. E-United States, i-histoplasmosis ihlala kakhulu ezigodini zeMississippi ne-Ohio. Kodwa ingase ibe khona nakwezinye izindawo. Ikhona futhi e-Afrika, e-Asia, e-Australia, nasezingxenyeni zaseCentral naseSouth America.

Abantu abaningi abane-histoplasmosis abazange babe nazimpawu futhi abazi ukuthi baye batheleleka. Kodwa kwabanye abantu — ikakhulukazi izingane ezincane nalabo abanezimpande zomzimba ezibuthakathaka — i-histoplasmosis ingaba yingozi. Kukhona ukwelashwa okutholakala ngisho nasezinhlotsheni ezinkulu kakhulu ze-histoplasmosis.

Izinhlobo ezilula kakhulu ze-histoplasmosis azibangeli zimpawu noma izimpawu. Kodwa-ke ukutheleleka okukhulu kungaba yingozi eyingozi. Uma izimpawu nezimpawu zivele, ngokuvamile zivela ezinsukwini eziyi-3 kuya kweziyi-17 ngemuva kokubekwa engcupheni futhi zingafaka:

• Ukuthuthumela
• Ukuthandaza
• Ukukhathazeka kwekhanda
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ukukhokha okwomile
• Ubuhlungu esifubeni
• Ukukhathala

Abanye abantu abane-histoplasmosis nabo bathola ubuhlungu bezingxenye zomzimba kanye nokuqhuma. Abantu abane-lung disease, njenge-emphysema, bangathuthukisa i-histoplasmosis ehlala njalo.

Izimpawu ze-histoplasmosis ehlala njalo zingafaka ukulahlekelwa isisindo kanye nokukhokha igazi. Izimpawu ze-histoplasmosis ehlala njalo ngezinye izikhathi zifana nalezo ze-tuberculosis.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma uthola izimpawu ezifana ne-influenza ngemva kokuba ukhombiswe amagobolondo ezinyoni noma ezingwengweni — ikakhulukazi uma unezimbongolo ezibuthakathaka.

I-Histoplasmosis ibangelwa amangqamuzana okuzala (ama spores) e-fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Aphaphaza emoyeni lapho umhlabathi noma ezinye izinto zididibaliswa.

Le fungus ikhula kahle emhlabathini onamanzi futhi ocebile ngezinto eziphilayo, ikakhulukazi amathambo ezinyoni nezingwe. Ivame kakhulu emakhaya ezikuku, ezindlini zasendulo, emikhumbini, nasemaphakini.

I-Histoplasmosis ayithwali, ngakho ayikwazi ukudluliselwa komunye umuntu. Uma uke waba ne-histoplasmosis, ungayithola futhi. Noma kunjalo, uma uyithola futhi, isifo cishe siyobe silula okwesibili.

Amathuba okuthuthukisa izimpawu ze-histoplasmosis andisa ngenani le-spores ozihefumula. Abantu abanethuba elikhulu lokubhebhetheka bahlanganisa:

• Abafuyi bemifino
• Abasebenzi bokulwa nezilwanyana eziyingozi
• Abaphathi bekhukhunathi
• Abasebenzi bokuklama
• Abakha izindlu
• Abahleli begadi nebahleli bemithi
• Abahlola imigodi
• Abasebenzi bokuqeda izakhiwo

I-Histoplasmosis ingabangela izinkinga eziningi ezinkulu, ngisho nakwabantu abaphilile. Kubantwana, abadala, nabantu abanesistimu yomzimba ebuthakathaka, izinkinga ezingase zenzeke zivame ukuba yingozi eyingozi.

Izinkinga ezingase zenzeke zihlanganisa:

• I-Acute respiratory distress syndrome. I-Histoplasmosis ingalimaza amaphaphu kwaze kwaba yilapho ama-air sacs eqala ukugeleza ngamanzi. Lokhu kuvimba ukushintshaniswa komoya okuhle futhi kunganciphisa i-oksijini egazini lakho.
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo. Ukutheleleka kwesikhwama esizungezile inhliziyo yakho (pericardium) kubizwa ngokuthi i-pericarditis. Uma amanzi kuleli khwama ekhuphuka, angaphazamisa ikhono lenhliziyo lokupompa igazi.
• I-Adrenal insufficiency. I-Histoplasmosis ingalimaza amagciwane akho e-adrenal, akhiqiza ama-hormone anikeza imiyalo cishe kuwo wonke amalungu nomzimba wakho.
• I-Meningitis. Kwezinye izimo, i-Histoplasmosis ingabangela le ntheleleko ye-membranes ezizungezile ubuchopho bakho nomgogodla wakho.

Kunzima ukuvimbela ukubhebhetheka yi-fungus ebangela i-histoplasmosis, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho isifo sisakazeke khona. Kodwa-ke ukuthatha izinyathelo ezilandelayo kungasiza ekunciphiseni ingozi yokutheleleka:

• Gwema ukubhebhetheka. Gwema amaphrojekthi nemisebenzi engase ikubhebhethekise yi-fungus, njengokuhlola imigodi nokuqeqesha izinyoni, njengezinyoni noma izinkukhu.
• Shukuma izindawo ezingcolile. Ngaphambi kokuba ulimbe umhlabathi noma usebenze endaweni engase ibe ne-fungus ebangela i-histoplasmosis, uyinisela ngamanzi. Lokhu kungasiza ukuvimbela ama-spores ukuba angakhishwa emoyeni. Ukushayeza imigodi yezinkukhu nezindlu zezinkomo ngaphambi kokuzicoca nakho kunganciphisa ingozi yakho.
• Gqoka i-respirator mask. Xhumana neNational Institute for Occupational Safety and Health ukuze ubone ukuthi iyiphi uhlobo lwe-mask oluzokuvikela ngezinga lakho lokubhebhetheka.

Ukuxilongwa kwe-histoplasmosis kungahlukahlukana, kuye ngokuthi yiziphi izingxenye zomzimba wakho ezithintekile. Nakuba ukuhlolwa kungase kungadingeki kumacala alula e-histoplasmosis, kungaba kubalulekile ekwelapheni amacala abulala. Udokotela wakho angase aphakamise ukucinga ubufakazi besifo ezikhombweni ze:

• Ukukhishwa kwemiphunga
• Igazi noma umchamo
• Ithusi lemiphunga (i-biopsy)
• Umoko wamathambo