Ukuthi yini i-Hodgkin's Lymphoma? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Hodgkin's lymphoma uhlobo lomdlavuza oluqala ohlelweni lwakho lwe-lymphatic, oluyingxenye yenethiwekhi yomzimba wakho yokulwa nokutheleleka. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, le inethemba elikhuthazayo kakhulu, ngoba abantu abaningi bafinyelela ekuphulukeni okuphelele uma itholakala kusenesikhathi.

Okwenza i-Hodgkin's lymphoma ibe yekhethekile ukuba khona kwamaselula angavamile okuthiwa ama-Reed-Sternberg cells. La maseli asize odokotela ukuthi bahlukanise kuzinye izinhlobo ze-lymphoma futhi aqondise indlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo kuwe.

Iyini i-Hodgkin's Lymphoma?

I-Hodgkin's lymphoma ivela lapho amaseli amhlophe egazi ema-lymph nodes aqala ukukhula ngokungavamile nangokungenakulawuleka. I-lymphatic system yakho ihlanganisa ama-lymph nodes, ispleen, i-bone marrow, nezinye izitho ezivame ukusiza ekulweni nezifo.

Leli gciwane livame ukusabalala ngendlela ebingakanekile kusuka eqenjini elilodwa le-lymph node kuya kwezinye eziseduze. Lokhu kusabalala okuhleliwe empeleni kusebenza ngokwakho, okwenza kube lula ngodokotela ukuthi balandelele futhi bawelaphe ngokuphumelelayo.

Cishe abantu abayi-8,500 e-United States bathola ukuxilongwa kwe-Hodgkin's lymphoma unyaka ngamunye. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ingenye yezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezipholakale kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma itholakala kusenesikhathi.

Ziyini Izimpawu ze-Hodgkin's Lymphoma?

Isilwane sokuqala esivamile ukukhula okungapheli buhlungu kwama-lymph nodes, ngokuvamile entanyeni yakho, ezingalweni, noma endaweni yesisu. La ma-nodes akhulayo angase azizwe eqinile noma enjenge-rubbery uma uwathinta, futhi awaphumi esimeni sabo esivamile.

Abantu abaningi abane-Hodgkin's lymphoma bahlangabezana nalokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi “izimpawu ze-B,” ezingase zizwe njengokuba ne-flu ehlala isikhathi eside. Nanka okungase ukubone:

• Ukuqhuma okungachazeki okuza futhi kuhambe
• Ukushisa ebusuku okunamandla okunyakazisa izingubo zakho noma amashiti
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo ngaphandle kokuhlose okungaphezu kuka-10% wesisindo somzimba wakho
• Ukukhathala okuhlala njalo okungaphuli ngokuphumula
• Ukuhlanza okungapheli noma ubuhlungu esifubeni
• Ukukhahlela okukhulu emzimbeni wakho wonke

Abanye abantu bahlangabezana nobuhlungu obungavamile ema-lymph nodes abo ngemva kokuphuza utshwala. Nakuba le simpawu ingavamile, ingaba yisibonakaliso sesixwayiso sokuqala okufanele uxoxe ngaso nodokotela wakho.

Ngokungavamile, ungase uqaphele ukuthi kunzima ukuphefumula, ikakhulukazi uma ulele phansi, noma ukukhula ebusweni naseqhileni. Lezi zimpawu zingase zenzeke uma ama-lymph nodes amakhulu ecindezela izakhiwo eziseduze.

Ziyini Izinhlobo ze-Hodgkin's Lymphoma?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-Hodgkin's lymphoma, futhi ukwazi ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olukuwe kusize udokotela wakho ukuba akhethe uhlelo lokwelapha oluhle kakhulu. Iningi lamacala liwela eqenjini lokuqala.

I-Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma yenza cishe ama-95% azo zonke izimo. Lolu hlobo luqukethe amaseli e-Reed-Sternberg amakhulu futhi lunezinhlobo ezine: i-nodular sclerosis, i-mixed cellularity, i-lymphocyte-rich, ne-lymphocyte-depleted.

I-Nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's lymphoma ingavamile kakhulu, ithatha cishe ama-5% ezimo. Lolu hlobo luvamise ukukhula kancane futhi lungase ludinge izindlela zokwelapha ezihlukile kunaleyo ye-classical Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Yini ebangela i-Hodgkin's Lymphoma?

Imbangela eqondile ye-Hodgkin's lymphoma ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ivela lapho amaseli ohlelo lwakho lokulwa nezifo enza izinguquko ze-genetic. Lezi zinguquko zenza amaseli akhule futhi azale ngokungenakulawuleka.

Ukutheleleka okuthile kungase kuqalise lezi zinguquko kwabanye abantu. I-Epstein-Barr virus, ebangela i-mononucleosis, itholakala cishe ku-40% yezimo ze-Hodgkin's lymphoma, nakuba abantu abaningi abatholana ne-mono abazange bakhe bathole i-lymphoma.

Ukuba nohlelo lokulwa nezifo olubuthakathaka kungase kukwandisa ingozi yakho. Lokhu kungase kwenzeke ngenxa yokutheleleka kwe-HIV, imithi yokutshalwa kwezitho, noma izimo ezithile zokuziphatha komzimba ezidinga ukwelashwa okuqeda amandla omzimba.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukwelashwa komdlavuza kwangaphambili, ikakhulukazi i-radiation therapy, kungase kukhulise ingozi yokuthola i-Hodgkin's lymphoma eminyakeni eminingi kamuva. Noma kunjalo, le ngozi incinyane kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezinzuzo zokwelapha umdlavuza wokuqala.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Nge-Hodgkin's Lymphoma?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uqaphela ukukhula okungapheli buhlungu kwama-lymph nodes okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili. Nakuba ama-lymph nodes akhulayo avame ukubangelwa yizifo ezivamile, kubalulekile ukuthi awahlolwe uma engabuyele esimeni sabo esivamile.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uhlangabezana nokuqhuma okungachazeki, ukushisa ebusuku, noma ukulahlekelwa isisindo ngaphandle kokuhlose okuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa. Lezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma zenzeka ndawonye, zidinga ukuhlolwa ngokushesha.

Ungalindi uma kunzima ukuphefumula, ubuhlungu esifubeni, noma ukukhula ebusweni naseqhileni. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise ukuthi ama-lymph nodes amakhulu acindezela izakhiwo ezibalulekile futhi adinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha.

Ziyini Izici Zengozi Ze-Hodgkin's Lymphoma?

Ukuqonda izici zengozi kungakusiza ubeke ukukhathazeka kwakho endaweni efanele, nakuba ukuba nezici zengozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthola leli gciwane. Abantu abaningi abanezici zengozi abazange bathole i-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Ubudala buthatha indima, ngezikhathi ezimbili eziphezulu zokwenzeka. Leli gciwane livame kakhulu kubantu abasebasha babo-20s no-30s, bese kuba khona abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-55.

Nanku uhlu lwezici zengozi eziyinhloko odokotela abazitholile:

• Ukuba owesilisa (ingozi encane ephakeme kunabesifazane)
• Ukuba nomlando womndeni we-Hodgkin's lymphoma
• Ukutheleleka kwe-Epstein-Barr virus kwangaphambili
• Uhlelo lokulwa nezifo olubuthakathaka oluvela ku-HIV, izifo zokuziphatha komzimba, noma imithi
• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza kwangaphambili ngemithi ethile ye-chemotherapy noma i-radiation

Ukuba ne-twin efanayo enesifo se-Hodgkin's lymphoma kukhuphula kakhulu ingozi yakho, ngaphezu kokuthi ubudlelwano bomndeni. Lokhu kubonisa ukuthi izici ze-genetic nezimo ezingaphandle zingase zithathe indima.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingase Zenzeke Nge-Hodgkin's Lymphoma?

Nakuba i-Hodgkin's lymphoma iphelelwa kalula, kokubili leli gciwane nokuphathwa kwalo kungase kube nezingozi. Iningi lalezi zinto lilawuleka ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokubhekwa.

I-lymphoma ngokwayo ingase ibuthakathaka uhlelo lwakho lokulwa nezifo, okwenza ube sengozini yokutheleleka. Ungase uthole ukuthi ugula kalula noma kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuphulukana nezifo ezivamile.

Izingozi ezihlobene nokuphathwa zingabandakanya:

• Ukungena engozini enkulu yezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, ikakhulukazi umdlavuza wophunga, amabele, noma i-thyroid eminyakeni eminingi kamuva
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo ezivela emithini ethile ye-chemotherapy noma i-radiation esifubeni
• Ukonakala kwamaphaphu okuvela ku-radiation therapy esifubeni
• Izinkinga zokuzala ezivela ku-chemotherapy noma i-radiation
• Izinkinga ze-thyroid uma indawo yentanyeni iphelelwe i-radiation

Abaphilile isikhathi eside bangase bathole ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza eminyakeni engama-10-20 ngemva kokwelashwa, nakuba le ngozi incinyane. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokuqapha eduze ngalezi zinguquko ezingase zenzeke kamuva.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, uma ishiywa ingalashwa, i-Hodgkin's lymphoma ingasabalala ezihlotsheni ezingaphandle kwe-lymphatic system, kuhlanganise isibindi, amaphaphu, noma i-bone marrow. Kungakho ukutholakala kusenesikhathi nokuphathwa kubaluleke kangaka.

I-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Ingavikeleka Kanjani?

Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela ebonakalayo yokuvimbela i-Hodgkin's lymphoma njengoba singaqondi ngokuphelele ukuthi yini eyihambisayo. Iningi lamacala livela kubantu abangenazo izici zengozi ezaziwayo.

Kodwa-ke, ukugcina uhlelo lokulwa nezifo oluphilile ngokwenza izinto ezinhle zempilo jikelele kungasiza ukunciphisa ingozi yakho yonke yomdlavuza. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukudla ukudla okulinganiselayo, ukuzivocavoca njalo, ukulala ngokwanele, nokugwema ukubhema.

Uma une-HIV noma enye isimo esibuthakathaka uhlelo lwakho lokulwa nezifo, ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukulilawula kahle kungasiza ukunciphisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-lymphoma.

I-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Ixilongwa Kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Hodgkin's lymphoma kudinga ukususa ingxenye yethishu ye-lymph node ekhulayo ukuze ihlolwe ngaphansi komkhiqizo. Le biopsy iyindlela kuphela yokuqinisekisa ngokuqinisekile ukuxilongwa nokuthola uhlobo oluthile.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzoqala ngokuhlola komzimba, ahlole ama-lymph nodes akhulayo emzimbeni wakho wonke. Bazophinde babuze ngezimpawu zakho nomlando wakho wezokwelapha ukuze baqonde isithombe esiphelele.

Izivivinyo zegazi zingakunikeza ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nempilo yakho jikelele nomsebenzi wezitho. Nakuba zingakwazi ukuxilonga i-Hodgkin's lymphoma ngokwazo, zisiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuhlela ukwelashwa kwakho.

Izivivinyo ezifana ne-CT scans, i-PET scans, noma i-MRIs zisiza ekutholeni ukuthi i-lymphoma isabalale kangakanani emzimbeni wakho. Lolu lwazi lokubheka kubalulekile ekuhleleni indlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo.

Kwezinye izimo, udokotela wakho angase acele i-bone marrow biopsy ukuze ahlole ukuthi i-lymphoma isabalale khona yini. Le nqubo ihilela ukuthatha isampula encane ye-bone marrow, ngokuvamile emathanjeni akho.

Ukwelashwa Kwe-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Kuyini?

Ukwelashwa kwe-Hodgkin's lymphoma kuphumelela kakhulu, ngezilinganiso zokwelapha ezingaphezu kwama-85% jikelele futhi eziphakeme nakakhulu ezifundweni zokuqala. Uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha oluthile kuncike esigabeni, uhlobo, nempilo yakho jikelele.

I-Chemotherapy iyisisekelo sezinhlelo eziningi zokwelapha. Izihlanganisi ze-chemotherapy zanamuhla ziphumelela kakhulu ekubhubhiseni amaseli e-lymphoma emzimbeni wakho wonke ngenkathi kunciphisa imiphumela emibi uma iqhathaniswa nokuphathwa kwangaphambili.

Isihlanganisi esivamile se-chemotherapy sibizwa ngokuthi yi-ABVD, ehlanganisa imithi emine ehlukene enikezwa nge-intravenously. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukubandakanya izikhathi eziningi ezingenyanga ezingu-3-6, ngokuphumula phakathi kwezikhathi ukuze umzimba wakho uphumule.

I-Radiation therapy ingase ifakwe ku-chemotherapy, ikakhulukazi ezifundweni zokuqala noma ezicubu ezinkulu. Ubuchwepheshe be-radiation banamuhla buqondisa ngokuqondile umdlavuza ngenkathi uvikela izitho ezempilo eziseduze.

Ezimo eziphambili noma uma i-lymphoma ibuya, udokotela wakho angase acele:

• I-chemotherapy enkulu elandelwa yi-stem cell transplant
• Imithi emisha efana ne-brentuximab vedotin
• Imithi ye-immunotherapy esiza uhlelo lwakho lokulwa nezifo ukulwa nomdlavuza
• Izivivinyo zeklinikhi ezilinga ukwelashwa okusha okuthenjisayo

Iqembu lakho lokwelapha lizokuqapha eduze phakathi kokwelashwa, lilungise imithi njengoba kudingeka ukuze lilawule imiphumela emibi futhi liqinisekise umphumela omuhle kakhulu.

Ukuthi Ungawuphatha Kanjani Ukwelashwa Ekhaya Ngesikhathi Se-Hodgkin's Lymphoma?

Ukuphatha ukunakekelwa kwakho ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kuyiyingxenye ebalulekile yokuphulukana kwakho. Abantu abaningi bangagcina imisebenzi yabo evamile ngenkathi bethola ukwelashwa kwe-Hodgkin's lymphoma.

Ukukhathalela uhlelo lwakho lokulwa nezifo kubalulekile njengoba i-chemotherapy ingase ibuthakathaka okwesikhashana. Geza izandla zakho njalo, gwema izixuku lapho inani lamaseli akho amhlophe liphansi, futhi uhlale kude nabantu abagulayo.

Nanku uhlu lweziqondiso ezisebenzayo zokusekela impilo yakho ngesikhathi sokwelashwa:

• Dlani ukudla okunomsoco futhi uhlale unomswakama, ngisho noma ukudla kwakho kuguquka
• Thola ukuphumula okwanele futhi ulalele isidingo somzimba wakho sokulala
• Thatha imithi ngokuqondile njengoba kulotshiwe, kuhlanganise nemithi yokulwa nokuhlanza
• Bika noma yiluphi ukuqhuma okungaphezu kuka-100.4°F eqenjini lakho lezokwelapha ngokushesha
• Vikele isikhumba sakho ekukhanyeni kwelanga, ikakhulukazi uma uthola i-radiation

Ukuzivocavoca okulula njengokuhamba kungasiza ekugcineni amandla akho namandla. Noma kunjalo, gwema imidlalo yokuxhumana noma imisebenzi engase iholele ekulimaleni lapho inani legazi lakho liphansi.

Ungangabazi ukucela usizo ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke uma uzizwa ukhathele noma ungaphili kahle. Ukuba noxhaso lomndeni nabangane kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kokwelashwa.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Kulodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho kungakusiza ukuba wenze okuningi ngesikhathi sakho neqembu lezokwelapha. Bhala phansi izimpawu zakho, kuhlanganise nokuthi zaqala nini nokuthi ziguquke kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwemithi yonke oyithathayo, kuhlanganise nemithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle komthetho, amavithamini, nezinye izinto ezengeziwe. Ezinye zalezi zingase zihlangane nemithi yomdlavuza noma zithinte inani legazi lakho.

Cabanga ukuletha umngane othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni emihlanganweni yakho. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olubalulekile futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi soxhumano oluzimayo.

Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo okumele uyibuze udokotela. Izihloko ezibalulekile zingabandakanya:

• Yisiphi isigaba se-lymphoma yami futhi lokho kusho ukuthini?
• Ziyini izinketho zokwelapha zami nemiphumela yazo emibi?
• Ukwelashwa kuzothinta kanjani impilo yami yansuku zonke nomsebenzi?
• Ziyini izimpawu okufanele ngizilindele ezidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha?
• Ingabe kunezinkinga zokuzala okufanele ngizixazulule ngaphambi kokwelashwa?

Ungesabi ukucela ukuchazwa uma ungaqondi lutho. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ulwazi oluphelele mayelana nokuxilongwa kwakho nezinketho zokwelapha.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko Mayelana Ne-Hodgkin's Lymphoma?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi i-Hodgkin's lymphoma ingenye yezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezipholakale kakhulu. Ngokwelashwa kwamanje, iningi labantu lifinyelela ekuphumuleni okuphelele futhi liqhubeka nokuphila impilo evamile, enempilo.

Ukutholakala kusenesikhathi kwenza ukwelashwa kube nempumelelo futhi ngokuvamile kuvumela ukwelashwa okuncane. Uma uqaphela ukukhula okungapheli buhlungu kwama-lymph node noma izimpawu ezingachazeki njengokuqhuma nokushisa ebusuku, ungangabazi ukubona udokotela wakho.

Nakuba ukuxilongwa kungase kuzwakale kukucindezela, awuwedwa kule ndlela. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha, umndeni, nabangane bakhona ukukusekela phakathi kokwelashwa nokuphulukana. Gxila ekuzinakekeleni usuku ngalunye.

Imibuzo Evamile Mayelana Ne-Hodgkin's Lymphoma

Q1: Ingabe i-Hodgkin's lymphoma iyefa?

I-Hodgkin's lymphoma ayitholwa ngqo, kodwa ukuba nelungu lomndeni elineli gciwane kukhuphula kancane ingozi yakho. Ukuwanda kwenani lenani lincane, futhi abantu abaningi abanomlando womndeni abazange bathole i-lymphoma. Izici ze-genetic zingase zenze abanye abantu babe sengozini enkulu, kodwa nezici zimo ezingaphandle zithatha indima.

Q2: Ingabe abantu abadala abasha bangathola i-Hodgkin's lymphoma?

Yebo, i-Hodgkin's lymphoma ivame ukubathinta abantu abadala abasha, ngenye iphuzu eliphezulu elikhona kubantu abasebasha babo-20s no-30s. Eqinisweni, ingenye yezinhlobo zomdlavuza ezivamile kuleli qembu leminyaka. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abasha, abaphilile bavame ukuphendula kahle ekwelapheni ngezilinganiso ezinhle zokwelapha.

Q3: Ukwelashwa kwe-Hodgkin's lymphoma kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuthe iinyanga ezingu-3-6, kuye ngesigaba nohlobo lwe-lymphoma. Abantu abaningi bathola i-chemotherapy yonke imihla engama-2-4 ngezikhathi eziningi. I-Radiation therapy, uma kudingeka, ngokuvamile ithatha amasonto ama-2-4. Udokotela wakho uzoqamba isikhathi esithile esisekelwe esimweni sakho.

Q4: Ungaphila impilo evamile ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-Hodgkin's lymphoma?

Abantu abaningi babuyela emisebenzini yabo evamile futhi baphila impilo egcwele, enempilo ngemva kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo. Nakuba uzodinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kokulandelela ukuze uqaphe noma yiziphi izingozi ezingeza noma ukubuyela, abaningi abaphilile baqhubeka nokuba nemindeni, balandele imisebenzi, futhi bajabulele yonke imisebenzi ababenayo ngaphambi kokuxilongwa.

Q5: Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Hodgkin's ne-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma?

Umehluko oyinhloko ukuba khona kwamaseli e-Reed-Sternberg e-Hodgkin's lymphoma, angatholakali e-non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. I-Hodgkin's lymphoma ivame ukusabalala ngendlela ebingakanekile futhi ngokuvamile inethemba elihle. Izindlela zokwelapha ziyahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo ezimbili.