Ukuqanduseka kwe-HPV: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

Ukuqanduseka kwe-HPV kubangelwa yi-human papillomavirus, enye yezifo ezithathelwana ngocansi ezivamile emhlabeni jikelele. Abantu abaningi abasebenzisana ngokobulili bayotholwa yi-HPV ngesinye isikhathi ekuphileni kwabo, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kokwazi.

Lo mndeni we-virus uqukethe izinhlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100, futhi nakuba lokho kungase kuzwakale kukhulu, nansi izindaba eziduduzayo: isimiso sakho sokuvikela imizimba sihlanza ukuqanduseka kwe-HPV ngokwemvelo phakathi neminyaka emibili. Cabanga nge-HPV njengento umzimba wakho ovame ukuyilawula wedwa, njengendlela olwa ngayo nezifo ezivamile.

Iyini imitholampilo ye-HPV?

Ukuqanduseka kwe-HPV kwenzeka lapho i-human papillomavirus ingena emzimbeni wakho ngokusebenzisa ukwephulwa okuncane kwesikhumba noma ama-mucous membranes. I-virus incintisana kangangokuthi lezi zindawo zokungena zivame ukuba zimincane futhi azibonakali nhlobo.

Umgwaqo oyinhloko wokuthola le virus ngokuthinta kwesikhumba nesikhumba ngesikhathi semisebenzi yokuya ocansini. Okwenza i-HPV ihluke kwezinye izifo ukuthi ingase ihlale ivaliwe ohlelweni lwakho izinyanga noma iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba isebenze, uma isebenza nhlobo.

I-virus ihlose amaseli ezindaweni ezifana nezibuko zakho, umlomo, umlomo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izandla zakho noma izinyawo. Ngezinye izikhathi, isimiso sakho sokuvikela imizimba siqaphela i-HPV njengendwendwe engamukelekile futhi sisebenza ngokuthula ukuze siyiqede ngaphandle kokuba uhlangabezane nanoma yiziphi izimpawu.

Ziyini izimpawu zokuqanduseka kwe-HPV?

Ukuqanduseka kwe-HPV okuningi akuveli nanoma yiziphi izimpawu, yingakho abantu abaningi abazi ukuthi banayo noma babe nayo le virus. Umgwaqo wakho uvame ukuhlanza ukuqanduseka ngaphambi kokuba kuvele izimpawu.

Uma izimpawu zivele, zingase zihluke kuye ngohlobo lwe-HPV onalo nendawo ekuthinta khona umzimba wakho. Nansi ongayibona:

• Ukukhula okuncane, okumhlophe noma oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka endaweni yakho yocansi (ama-genital warts)
• Ama-warts abonakala ephansi, aphakamile, noma ane-texture efana ne-cauliflower
• Ukukhahlela noma ukungakhululeki eduze kwendawo ethintekile
• Ukuphuza igazi ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kokusebenzisana ngokobulili (ezinye izikhathi)
• Ama-warts avamile ezandleni, eminweni, noma eduze kwamakhokhonthi
• Ama-plantar warts ezansi kwezinyawo zakho

Uma uqaphela ukukhula okungavamile noma ukuguquka endaweni yakho yocansi, kuyinto evamile ukuzizwa ukhathazekile. Khumbula ukuthi ama-genital warts, nakuba engafani kahle, ngokuvamile awonakali futhi angaphathwa.

Ziyini izinhlobo zokuqanduseka kwe-HPV?

Izinhlobo ze-HPV zihlukaniswe zaba izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe ezingozini zempilo ezingaba khona. Ukuqonda lezi zigaba kungakusiza ukuthi uqonde imiphumela yokuhlola noma ukuxoxa nodokotela wakho.

Izinhlobo ze-HPV ezingekho engozini (njenge-HPV 6 ne-11) ngokuvamile zibangela izimo ezingonakali njengama-genital warts. Lezi zinhlobo azivame ukuholela ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo futhi ziyinkathazo yokuhlobana noma yokududuza kunokuba yinkinga enkulu yezokwelapha.

Izinhlobo ze-HPV ezingozi (kuhlanganise ne-HPV 16 ne-18) zinamandla okuveza ukuguquka kwamaseli okungase kuqhubekele ezingozini zesikhathi eside. Noma kunjalo, ukuba nohlobo lwe-HPV oluyingozi akusho ukuthi uzophulaphula i-cancer - kusho nje ukuthi udokotela wakho uzofuna ukukugcina uqaphile.

Kukhona nezinhlobo ze-HPV ezithinta izindawo ezingaphandle kwesondo, zibangela ama-warts avamile ezandleni zakho, ezinyaweni, noma ezingxenyeni zomzimba. Lezi zinhlobo ngokuvamile zithathelwana ngokuthinta okungavamile kunokusebenzisana ngokobulili.

Yini ebangela ukuqanduseka kwe-HPV?

I-HPV yasakazeka ngokuthinta kwesikhumba nesikhumba ngumuntu onale virus. Indlela evamile abantu abatholakala yi-HPV yesondo ngayo ngokusebenzisana ngokobulili, kuhlanganise nobulili besilisa, ubulili besifazane, nobulili bomlomo.

Ungathola i-HPV ngisho noma umlingani wakho oqandusekile engenazo izimpawu ezibonakalayo. I-virus ingaba khona esikhumbeni esingagqokwa yi-condom, yingakho ama-condoms, nakuba ewusizo, anganikeli isivikelo esiphelele ngokumelene ne-HPV.

Ngokungavamile, i-HPV ingasakazeka ngezindlela ezingavamile zokuthinta okuthandekayo noma, ngokungavamile, umama kuze kube umntwana ngesikhathi sokubeletha. Izinhlobo ze-HPV ezingaphandle kwesondo ezibangela ama-warts avamile zingasakazeka ngokuthinta okungavamile njengokubingelela izandla noma ukuthinta izinto ezingcolile.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuthola i-HPV akubonisi lutho ngesimo sakho noma izinqumo zakho. Le virus ivamile kakhulu, futhi abantu abaningi abasebenzisana ngokobulili bayithola ngesinye isikhathi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi banezingaki izimbangi.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela ngokuqanduseka kwe-HPV?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uqaphela ukukhula okusha, ama-bumps, noma ukuguquka endaweni yakho yocansi. Nakuba lokhu kungase kungabi njalo kuhlobene ne-HPV, kuhlale kungcono ukuba kuhlolwe yisazi.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti uma uhlangabezana nokuphuza igazi okungavamile ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kokusebenzisana ngokobulili, ubuhlungu obuhlala isikhathi eside be-pelvic, noma nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezikukhathazayo. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuthola ukuthi i-HPV noma enye isimo ingase ibe yimbangela yezimpawu zakho.

Ngisho nangaphandle kwezimpawu, ukuhlolwa okuvamile kubalulekile. Abafazi kufanele balandele izikhathi ezinikeziwe ze-Pap smear, njengoba le mihlola ingathola ukuguquka kwamaseli okubangelwa izinhlobo ze-HPV ezingozi ngaphambi kokuba zibe yizinkinga ezinkulu.

Uma umlingani wakho ekhombiswe ukuthi une-HPV noma ama-genital warts, kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho, ngisho noma uzizwa kahle. Bangakuncoma ngokuhlolwa okufanele nezindlela zokuvikela.

Ziyini izingozi zokuqanduseka kwe-HPV?

Izici ezithile zingandisa amathuba akho okuthola i-HPV, nakuba kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi noma ubani oqhubana ngokobulili angathola le nkinga, kungakhathaliseki izinga labo lengozi.

Nansi izici eziyinhloko ezingase zikhulise ingozi yakho:

• Ukuba nezingane eziningi zokusebenzisana ngokobulili noma umlingani owayenezingane eziningi zokusebenzisana ngokobulili
• Ukuba ngumuntu oqhubana ngokobulili eneminyaka emincane lapho isimiso sakho sokuvikela imizimba sisathuthuka
• Ukuba nesimo sokuvikela imizimba esibuthakathaka ngenxa yesifo, imithi, noma izimo zezokwelapha
• Ukuba nesikhumba esiyonakele ezindaweni lapho i-HPV ingangena khona emzimbeni wakho
• Ukungagonywa ngokumelene ne-HPV
• Ukubhema, okungase kubuthakathaka amandla omzimba wakho okulwa nezifo

Ukuba nezingozi akusho ukuthi uzothola i-HPV, njengoba ukungabi nezingozi akusho ukuthi awunayo. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukuqonda lezi zici ukuze ukwazi ukuthatha izinqumo ezifanele ngempilo yakho nezindlela zokuvikela.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona zokuqanduseka kwe-HPV?

Nakuba ukuqanduseka kwe-HPV okuningi kuzihlanza ngokwalo ngaphandle kokubangela izinkinga, ezinye zingase ziholele ezinkingeni ezinkulu zempilo uma zingalawulwa. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingaba khona kungakusiza ukuthi uhlale uqaphile ngempilo yakho.

Inhlanganisela ebandakanya kakhulu ukukhula kwe-cancer, nakuba lokhu ngokuvamile kuthatha iminyaka eminingi futhi kuthinta izingxenye ezincane zabantu abanezinhlanga ze-HPV ezingozi. Nansi izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona:

• I-cancer yesibeletho (i-cancer ehlobene ne-HPV evamile kakhulu kwabesifazane)
• I-cancer yesibeletho kubantu besilisa nabesifazane
• I-cancer yesondo kubantu besilisa
• I-cancer yesibeletho ne-vulvar kwabesifazane
• I-cancer yekhanda nemuhlo, kuhlanganise ne-cancer yomlomo nomlomo
• I-Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (isimo esingavamile esithinta umlomo)
• Ukuqanduseka kokukhulelwa uma ama-genital warts evala indlela yokubeletha

Khumbula ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zokuphazamiseka zingevamile futhi ngokuvamile zivele kuphela ngemuva kokuthi ukuqanduseka kwe-HPV okuphezulu kungaphathwa. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile nokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuba nezinkinga ezinkulu.

Ukuqanduseka kwe-HPV kungavikeleka kanjani?

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukuqanduseka kwe-HPV kuvame ukugwenywa ngokugonywa nezenzo zocansi eziphephile. Isifo sokugoma se-HPV ingenye yamathuluzi asebenza kakhulu esinawo ukuvimbela le nkinga.

Isifo sokugoma se-HPV sisebenza kangcono uma sinikezwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukusebenzisana ngokobulili, kodwa singase sinikeze izinzuzo ngisho noma usevele usebenzisana. Isifo sokugoma sivikela izinhlobo ze-HPV ezingozi kakhulu futhi sinconyelwe abantwana, intsha, nabantu abadala abafika eminyakeni engama-45.

Ngaphezu kokugonywa, unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngalezi zindlela:

• Ukusebenzisa ama-condoms njalo, nakuba anganikeli isivikelo esiphelele
• Ukulinganisela inani lezingane zakho zokusebenzisana ngokobulili
• Ukuba nobuhlobo obuhlala njalo bomuntu oyedwa nomuntu owayehlolwe
• Ukugwema ukusebenzisana ngokobulili uma wena noma umlingani wakho une-genital warts ebonakalayo
• Ukungabhemi, njengoba kubuthakathaka amandla omzimba wakho okulwa ne-HPV

Ngisho nangezindlela zokuvikela, ukubonisana ne-HPV kuvamile phakathi kwabantu abasebenzisana ngokobulili. Okubalulekile ukuxuba izindlela zokuvikela nokukhathalela kwezokwelapha okuvamile nokuhlolwa.

Ukuqanduseka kwe-HPV kuhlonzwa kanjani?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV kuncike ezimpawu zakho, iminyaka, nobulili. Kubantu abaningi, ikakhulukazi amadoda, ayikho i-test yokuhlanza i-HPV, futhi ukuhlonzwa ngokuvamile kwenzeka kuphela uma izimpawu ezifana nama-warts zivele.

Kwabesifazane, ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV ngokuvamile kwenziwa kanye nama-Pap smears ngesikhathi sokukhathalela okuvamile kwe-gynecological. Udokotela wakho angase akuncome ukuhlolwa kwe-HPV uma i-Pap smear yakho ikhombisa amaseli angavamile, noma bangase benze kokubili ukuhlolwa ndawonye njengengxenye yokuhlolwa okuvamile uma uneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-30.

Uma une-warts ebonakalayo, udokotela wakho ngokuvamile angawahlweza ngokuhlolwa komzimba. Ngezinye izikhathi bangase basebenzise isisombululo esibuthakathaka se-acid ukuze benze ama-warts amancane abonakale kakhulu, noma ezimweni ezingavamile, bathathe isampula encane yethishu ukuze bayihlole.

Ayikho i-blood test ye-HPV, futhi i-virus ngokwayo ayikwazi ukubonwa uma isimiso sakho sokuvikela imizimba siyihlanze. Yingakho ukuhlolwa kugxila ekubeni uthole i-virus uma isebenza noma ukuthola ukuguquka kwamaseli okungase kubangele.

Iyini ukwelapha ukuqanduseka kwe-HPV?

Ayikho ukwelapha okuqondile okungakwazi ukwelapha i-HPV ngokwayo, kodwa lokhu akuyona into ekhathazayo njengoba kungase kuzwakale. Isimiso sakho sokuvikela imizimba siphumelela kakhulu ekuhlanzeni ukuqanduseka kwe-HPV ngokwemvelo, ngokuvamile phakathi neminyaka emibili.

Ukwelapha kugxila ekulawuleni izimpawu nasekulungiseni noma yikuphi ukuguquka kwamaseli i-virus engase ikubangele. Uma une-genital warts, ukwelapha okuphumelelayo okuningi kungawasusa futhi kunciphisa ukungakhululeki:

• Imithi yendawo oyisebenzisa ekhaya (njenge-imiquimod noma i-podofilox)
• Izindlela zohlelo lokusebenza ezifana ne-cryotherapy (ukuqandisa)
• I-Electrocautery (ukushisa ama-warts ngamandla kagesi)
• I-Laser therapy yama-warts aqine noma amakhulu
• Ukususa ngokusebenza kwezokwelapha kwezinye izimo

Ngokuqondene namaseli esibeletho angavamile abangelwa yi-HPV eyingozi, ukwelapha kungase kuhlanganise izindlela zokususa ithishu ethintekile, njenge-LEEP (loop electrosurgical excision procedure) noma i-cone biopsy. Lezi zindlela ngokuvamile zenziwa ehhovisi lika-dokotela wakho futhi ziphumelela kakhulu.

Umgomo wokwelapha ukususa ama-warts abonakalayo noma amaseli angavamile ngenkathi usekela amandla omzimba wakho okulawula i-virus.

Indlela yokuphatha ukuqanduseka kwe-HPV ekhaya?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukwelapha i-HPV ekhaya, ungathatha izinyathelo zokusekela isimiso sakho sokuvikela imizimba nempilo yakho jikelele. Isimiso sokuvikela imizimba esiqinile yingqondo yakho engcono kakhulu ekusizeni umzimba wakho ukuhlanza i-virus ngokwemvelo.

Gxila ekutholeni imikhuba yempilo enempilo eyenyusa umsebenzi wakho wokulwa nezifo:

• Dla ukudla okuhlanganisiwe okunama-fruits, imifino, namasondlo asekelayo isimiso sokuvikela imizimba
• Thola ubuthongo obukhulu (amahora angu-7-9 ngobusuku kwabantu abadala abaningi)
• Zivocavoca njalo ukuze usekele impilo yomzimba jikelele
• Lawula ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokupumula, ukucamngca, noma imisebenzi oyithandayo
• Gwema ukubhema futhi linganisela ukusetshenziswa kotshwala
• Thatha noma iyiphi imithi eyalwe noma usebenzise ukwelapha kwendawo njengoba kuqondiswe

Uma une-genital warts, gcina indawo ihlanzekile futhi yomile, futhi gwema ukuyithinta noma ukuyikhahlela. Gqoka i-underwear yekotoni evumayo futhi ugweme izingubo ezinamathelayo ezingase zikhungathekise indawo.

Khumbula ukuthi ukusekela isimiso sakho sokuvikela imizimba kuyindlela yesikhathi eside. Beka isineke ngomzimba wakho njengoba usebenza ukulawula ukuqanduseka.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kungakusiza ukuthi wenze kakhulu isikhathi sakho nodokotela wakho futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi uthola lonke ulwazi oludingayo. Qala ngokubhala phansi noma yiziphi izimpawu oziqaphile, kuhlanganise nokuthi zaqala nini nokuthi ziguquke kanjani.

Yenza uhlu zemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza. Imibuzo evamile ingase ihlanganise: "Nginguhlobo luni lwe-HPV enayo?" "Lokhu kusho ukuthini ngempilo yami?" "Kufanele ngitshele umlingani wami kanjani?" nokuthi "Yikuphi ukunakekelwa okulandelayo engikudingayo?"

Letha uhlu oluphelele lanoma iyiphi imithi, izithasiselo, noma amavithamini owaThatha. Futhi, lungiselela ukuxoxa ngomlando wakho wocansi ngokwethembeka - udokotela wakho udinga lolu lwazi ukuze anikeze ukunakekelwa okuhle kakhulu futhi akhona ukuze akuhlabele.

Uma ukhathazekile nge-aphoyintimenti, cabanga ukuletha umngani othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni ukuze likusekele. Khumbula ukuthi udokotela wakho unekhono lokuqonda i-HPV futhi ufuna ukukusiza uhlale uphilile.

Yini eyinhloko yokuthatha ngokuqanduseka kwe-HPV?

Ukuqanduseka kwe-HPV kuvamile kakhulu, futhi ukuba nakho akuchazi wena noma kubikezele imiphumela yakho yempilo yesikhathi esizayo. Abantu abaningi abatholakala yi-HPV abavame ukuthola izinhlanganisela ezinkulu, futhi izinhlelo zabo zokulwa nezifo zihlanza ukuqanduseka ngokwemvelo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukuhlala unolwazi, uthole ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuvamile, futhi ulandele izeluleko zika-dokotela wakho zokuhlolwa nokuphathwa. Izinkinga zempilo ezihlobene ne-HPV zivame ukugwenywa ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ubhekene nokuhlolwa okusha kwe-HPV noma ukukhathazeka ngokuvikela, khumbula ukuthi unezithuluzi eziphumelelayo ezitholakalayo: ukugoma, ukuhlolwa okuvamile, nokuphathwa okuphumelelayo uma kudingeka. Awuwedwa kulokhu, futhi ngokunakekelwa okufanele, ungagcina impilo yakho nokuthula kwengqondo.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa ngokuqanduseka kwe-HPV

Q1: Ingakwelashwa ngokuphelele yini i-HPV?

Ayikho ukwelapha okuqeda ngokuphelele i-HPV emzimbeni wakho, kodwa isimiso sakho sokuvikela imizimba ngokuvamile sihlanza ukuqanduseka ngokwemvelo phakathi neminyaka emibili. Ngisho noma i-virus ihlala ivaliwe ohlelweni lwakho, ngokuvamile iba ngeyona ingasebenzi futhi ayibangeli izinkinga zempilo. Umgomo ukuphatha izimpawu nokuvimbela izinhlanganisela kunokuba "ukwelapha" i-virus ngokwayo.

Q2: Kufanele ngitshele umlingani wami yini uma ngine-HPV?

Yebo, kubalulekile ukuba noxhumano oluqotho nomlingani wakho wocansi ngesimo sakho se-HPV. Lokhu kubavumela ukuthi bathathe izinqumo ezifanele ngempilo yabo futhi bafune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele uma kudingeka. Khumbula ukuthi i-HPV ivamile kakhulu, futhi ukuba nale ngxoxo kubonisa ukuthi unakekela impilo yakho neyabo.

Q3: Ngingayithola futhi yini i-HPV ngemuva kokuba umzimba wami uyihlanze?

Yebo, ungathola ukuqanduseka kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-HPV phakathi nokuphila kwakho. Ukuhlanza uhlobo olulodwa akusho ukuthi awunayo ezinye izinhlobo. Noma kunjalo, akunakwenzeka ukuthi uqanduseke futhi ngohlobo olufanayo lwe-HPV uma isimiso sakho sokuvikela imizimba siye sahlanza ngempumelelo. Yingakho isifo sokugoma se-HPV singase sibe usizo ngisho noma usuvele uqandusekile yi-HPV.

Q4: Ingaphephile futhi iphumelela yini isifo sokugoma se-HPV?

Isifo sokugoma se-HPV siphephile futhi siphumelela kakhulu. Siye sahlolwa futhi saqaphelwa iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-15, sinerekhodi elihle lokuphepha. Isifo sokugoma sivikela ukuqanduseka ngezinhlobo ze-HPV ezibangela i-cancer yesibeletho kakhulu nama-genital warts. Imiphumela emibi ngokuvamile iyancipha, njengokuhlungu endaweni yokugonywa noma ukubhlunguza okwesikhashana.

Q5: Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani i-HPV ukubangela i-cancer?

I-cancer ehlobene ne-HPV ngokuvamile ithuthuka kancane kakhulu, ngokuvamile ithatha iminyaka engu-10-20 noma ngaphezulu kusukela ekuqandusekeni kokuqala kuze kube ukukhula kwe-cancer. Lokhu kuqhubeka kancane kuyizindaba ezinhle ngoba kunikeza amathuba amaningi okuhlolwa nokungenelela kwasekuqaleni. Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kungathola ukuguquka kwamaseli isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba kube yi-cancer, kuvumela ukwelapha okuphumelelayo.