Hyperoxaluria Kanye Ne-Oxalosis

I-Hyperoxaluria (hi-pur-ok-suh-LU-ree-uh) kwenzeka uma unenoxalate eningi kakhulu emchameni wakho. I-oxalate iyikhemikhali yemvelo umzimba oyenzayo. Itholakala nakukudleni okuthile. Kepha i-oxalate eningi kakhulu emchameni ingabangela izinkinga ezinkulu.

I-Hyperoxaluria ingabangelwa ukushintsha kwesizinda, isifo sesisu noma ukudla ukudla okuningi okuphezulu ku-oxalate. Impilo yethu isikhathi eside yesisu ixhomeke ekubeni uthole i-hyperoxaluria ngokushesha bese uyelapha ngokushesha.

I-Oxalosis (ok-suh-LOW-sis) kwenzeka ngemuva kokuba izinso zikwephuze ukusebenza kahle kubantu abanezizathu eziyinhloko nezihlobene nesisu ze-hyperoxaluria. I-oxalate eningi kakhulu iqoqana egazini. Lokhu kungabangela ukwakheka kwe-oxalate emithanjeni yegazi, emathanjeni nasezitho.

Imbala, isilwane sokuqala se-hyperoxaluria yitshe lemphintshi. Izimpawu ze-tshe lemphintshi zingafaka:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu emhlane, eceleni, endaweni engezansi yesisu noma e groin.
• Unyo olukhanya pinki, obomvu noma olu-brown ngenxa yegazi.
• Ukufisa okuvamile kokuya e-toilet, okuthiwa ukumisa.
• Ubuhlungu lapho uya e-toilet.
• Ukungakwazi ukuya e-toilet noma ukuya kancane.
• Ukuthandaza, ukuvuvukala, isisu esiphazamisekile noma ukugabha.

Akuvamile kubantwana ukuba nezinsimbi zezinkalakatha. Izinsimbi zezinkalakatha ezakha kubantwana nakwisalukazi cishe zibangelwa yinkinga yempilo, njengoba yi-hyperoxaluria.

Bonke abantu abasebancane abanezinkalakatha kufanele bahlolwe. Ukuhlolwa kufanele kuhlanganise ukuhlolwa okuqapha i-oxalate emanzini. Abantu abadala abaphishekela ukuthola izinsimbi zezinkalakatha nabo kufanele bahlolwe i-oxalate emanzini.

I-Hyperoxaluria kwenzeka uma kukhona ukwanda okukhulu kwesikhemikhali esibizwa ngokuthi i-oxalate emathunjini. Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hyperoxaluria:

• I-hyperoxaluria eyinhloko. Lolu hlobo luyisifo esidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni, okusho ukuthi lidluliselwa emindenini. Libangelwa izinguquko e-gene. Ngokwe-hyperoxaluria eyinhloko, isibindi aliwenzi ngokwanele iprotheni ethile evimbela ukwenziwa kwe-oxalate eningi. Noma iprotheni ayisebenzi njengoba kufanele. Umuthi ukhulula i-oxalate engeziwe ngezinkulungwane, emathunjini. I-oxalate engeziwe ingadibana ne-calcium ukwakha amatshe emithambo nezikristali. Lezi zingalimaza izinkulungwane futhi zibangele ukuthi ziyeke ukusebenza.

Ngo-hyperoxaluria eyinhloko, amatshe emithambo akha ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile abangela izimpawu kusukela ebuntwaneni kuya eminyakeni engama-20. Izinkulungwane zabantu abaningi abane-hyperoxaluria eyinhloko ziyeka ukusebenza kahle ekuqaleni kuya ekuthuthukeni kokuphelela. Kodwa ukwehluleka kwesibindi kungenzeka ngisho nakwizingane ezine lesi sifo. Abanye abane-hyperoxaluria eyinhloko bangase bangalokothi babe nokungasebenzi kahle kwesibindi.

• I-hyperoxaluria ye-enteric. Izinkinga ezithile zesisu zibangela umzimba ukuba uthathe i-oxalate eningi ekudleni. Lokhu kungabe sekwandisa inani le-oxalate emathunjini. I-Crohn's disease ingenye inkinga yesisu engabangela i-hyperoxaluria ye-enteric. Okunye ukungasebenzi kahle kwesisu esincane, okungenzeka uma izingxenye zesisu esincane zisuswa ngokuhlinzwa.

Ezinye izinkinga zempilo zenza kube nzima esiswini esincane ukuba sithathe amafutha ekudleni. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, kungase kushiye i-oxalate itholakala kakhulu esiswini ukuba ithathe. Ngokuvamile, i-oxalate ihlangana ne-calcium esiswini futhi iphuma emzimbeni ngezisu. Kepha uma kukhona amafutha amaningi esiswini, i-calcium ihlangana namafutha esikhundleni salokho. Lokhu kuvumela i-oxalate ukuba ikhululeke esiswini futhi ithathe egazini. Ibe isihlanzwa yizinkulungwane. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass nakho kungabangela inkinga yokuthatha amafutha esiswini, okwandisa ingozi ye-hyperoxaluria.

• I-Hyperoxaluria ehambisana nokudla ukudla okune-oxalate eningi. Ukudla inani elikhulu lokudla okune-oxalate eningi kungakwandisa ingozi yakho ye-hyperoxaluria noma amatshe emithambo. Lokhu kudla kufaka phakathi amantongomane, i-chocolate, itiye eliphinkiwe, i-spinach, u-potatoes, ama-beet nama-rhubarb. Kubalulekile ukuhlala uqaphele ukudla okune-oxalate eningi uma une-hyperoxaluria ehlobene nokudla noma i-enteric. Udokotela wakho angase akutshele nokuthi ubeke umkhawulo kuleli zinto uma une-hyperoxaluria eyinhloko.

Uma kungenjalo, i-hyperoxaluria ephambili ingalimaza izinkalankala. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izinkalankala zingase ziyeke ukusebenza. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi ukwehluleka kwesibindi. Kwabanye abantu, lona yilona phawu lokuqala lesifo.

Amaphawu okuhluleka kwesibindi afaka phakathi:

• Ukuphazamiseka okuncane kunokujwayelekile noma ukungaphuzi nhlobo.
• Ukuzizwa ugula futhi udlale.
• Ukungabi nandlala.
• Isisu esiphazamisekile nokugabha.
• Isikhumba esimhlophe, esimnyama noma ezinye izinguquko zombala wesikhumba ezihlotshaniswa nokuncipha kwenani lamaseli ebomvu egazi, okuthiwa i-anemia.
• Ukukhula kwezandla nezinyawo.

I-Oxalosis kwenzeka uma une-hyperoxaluria ephambili noma i-enteric futhi izinkalankala zakho ziyeka ukusebenza kahle ngokwanele. Umzimba awusakwazi ukususa i-oxalate engeziwe, ngakho-ke i-oxalate iqala ukwakha. Okokuqala yakha egazini, bese emehlweni, amathambo, isikhumba, imisipha, imithambo yegazi, inhliziyo nezinye izitho.

I-Oxalosis ingabangela izinkinga eziningi zempilo ngaphandle kwezinkalankala ezinyathelweni zayo zokugcina. Lezi zifaka phakathi:

• Ubuhlungu lwamathambo.
• I-Anemia.
• Izilonda zesikhumba.
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo nemehluko.
• Ezinganeni, izinkinga ezinzima zokukhula nokukhula.

Cishe uzokwenza uvivinyo oluphelele lomzimba. Ungase ubuzwe imibuzo mayelana nomlando wakho wezempilo kanye nemikhuba yokudla kwakho.

Amathethwini okuhlola i-hyperoxaluria angafaka:

• Uvivinyo lwamanzi, ukulinganisa i-oxalate nezinye izinto ezimanzi. Unikezwa i-container ekhethekileyo ukuze uqoqe amanzi akho emahoreni angu-24. Khona-ke ithunyelwa elabhoratri.
• Uvivinyo lwegazi, ukuhlola ukuthi ama-kidney akho asebenza kangcono kangakanani nokulinganisa amazinga e-oxalate egazini.
• Uhlalutyo lwamatye, ukuthola ukuthi amatye e-kidney enziwe ngani ngemuva kokuba uwaphelise ngamanzi noma uwasuswe ngokuhlinzwa.
• X-ray ye-kidney, i-ultrasound noma i-computerized tomography (CT) scan, ukuhlola noma yimaphi amatye e-kidney noma ukwakheka kwe-calcium oxalate emzimbeni.

Ungase udinga amathethwini amaningi ukuze uthole ngokuqinisekile ukuthi une-hyperoxaluria nokuthi isifo siye sabathinta kanjani amanye amalungu omzimba wakho. La mathethwini angafaka:

• Uvivinyo lwe-DNA ukufuna izinguquko ze-gene ebangela i-hyperoxaluria ephambili.
• I-biopsy ye-kidney ukuhlola ukwakheka kwe-oxalate.
• I-Echocardiogram, uvivinyo lwezithombe olungahlola ukwakheka kwe-oxalate enhliziyweni.
• Uvivinyo lweziso ukuhlola ukufakwa kwe-oxalate emehlweni.
• I-biopsy ye-bone marrow ukuhlola ukwakheka kwe-oxalate emathanjeni.
• I-biopsy ye-Liver ukufuna amazinga aphansi we-protein, okuthiwa futhi yi-enzyme deficiencies. Lo vivinyo udinga kuphela ezimweni ezingavamile lapho ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic kungabonisi imbangela ye-hyperoxaluria.

Uma ufunda ukuthi une-hyperoxaluria ephambili, abafowenu nabo baphazanyiswa yilesi sifo. Kufanele benze amathethwini nawo. Uma ingane yakho ine-hyperoxaluria ephambili, ungase ufune ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic uma wena nomlingani wakho nicabanga ukuthi nizoba nezingane eziningi. Abaqeqeshwe bezempilo be-genetic abanawo okuhlangenwe nakho nge-hyperoxaluria bangakusiza ukuqondisa izinqumo zakho nokuhlolwa.

Ukwelashwa kuxhomeke ekuhlolweni komdlavuza we-hyperoxaluria onayo, izimpawu nobunzima besifo. Indlela obuyisabela ngayo ekwelapheni iphinde isize iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwempilo linqume ukuthi lingawuphatha kanjani umcimbi wakho.

Ukuncipha kwenani lama-calcium oxalate crystals ahlala ezinso zakho, udokotela wakho angakuncoma enye noma ngaphezulu kwalokhu ukwelashwa:

• Imithi. ILumasiran (Oxlumo) iyimithi eyancipha amazinga e-oxalate kubantwana nabantu abadala abane-primary hyperoxaluria. Ama-doses e-vitamin B-6, okuthiwa yi-pyridoxine, angasiza ekuqedeni i-oxalate emanzini kubantu abanye abane-primary hyperoxaluria. Ama-phosphates nama-citrate alungiswe yi-pharmacy athathwe ngomlomo asisiza ekuvimbeni ama-calcium oxalate crystals ukuba angabunjwa.

Udokotela wakho angakunika nezinye izidakamizwa, njenge-thiazide diuretics. Kuxhomeke ezinye izimpawu ezingavamile ezitholakala emanzini akho. Uma une-enteric hyperoxaluria, udokotela wakho angakuncoma ne-calcium supplement ukuyithatha ngesikhathi sokudla. Lokhu kungenza kube lula ukuthi i-oxalate ihlangane ne-calcium esibindini bese ishiya umzimba ngesihlahla.

• Ukunisela okuningi. Uma izinso zakho zisasebenza kahle, udokotela wakho cishe uzokutshela ukuthi unisele amanzi amaningi noma ezinye izinto ezincelisayo. Lokhu kuhlanza izinso, kuvimba ukwakheka kwama-oxalate crystal futhi kusize ekuvimbeni amatshe ezinso ukuba angabunjwa.
• Ukushintsha kokudla. Ngokuvamile, kubaluleke kakhulu ukunaka ukukhetha kwakho ukudla uma une-enteric noma i-diet-related hyperoxaluria. Ukushintsha kokudla kungasiza ekuqedeni amazinga e-oxalate emanzini akho. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwempilo lingakuncoma ukuba uvinjelwe ukudla okune-oxalates eningi, ubeke imikhawulo esahlukweni bese uthola i-protein yezilwane ne-sugar encane. Kodwa ukushintsha kokudla kungase kungasizi bonke abantu abane-primary hyperoxaluria. Landela iziphakamiso zeqembu lakho lokunakekelwa.

Imithi. ILumasiran (Oxlumo) iyimithi eyancipha amazinga e-oxalate kubantwana nabantu abadala abane-primary hyperoxaluria. Ama-doses e-vitamin B-6, okuthiwa yi-pyridoxine, angasiza ekuqedeni i-oxalate emanzini kubantu abanye abane-primary hyperoxaluria. Ama-phosphates nama-citrate alungiswe yi-pharmacy athathwe ngomlomo asisiza ekuvimbeni ama-calcium oxalate crystals ukuba angabunjwa.

Udokotela wakho angakunika nezinye izidakamizwa, njenge-thiazide diuretics. Kuxhomeke ezinye izimpawu ezingavamile ezitholakala emanzini akho. Uma une-enteric hyperoxaluria, udokotela wakho angakuncoma ne-calcium supplement ukuyithatha ngesikhathi sokudla. Lokhu kungenza kube lula ukuthi i-oxalate ihlangane ne-calcium esibindini bese ishiya umzimba ngesihlahla.

Amatshe ezinso avame kakhulu kubantu abane-hyperoxaluria, kodwa awudingi ukwelashwa njalo. Uma amatshe ezinso amakhulu ebangela ubuhlungu noma avikele ukusabela komchamo, kungadingeka ukuba asuswe noma aphulwe ukuze akwazi ukuphuma emanzini.

Kuxhomeke ekuthini ubunzima be-hyperoxaluria yakho, izinso zakho zingasebenzi kahle ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukwelashwa okuthiwa yi-dialysis okuthatha ingxenye yomsebenzi wezinso zakho kungasiza. Kodwa akulandeli inani le-oxalate umzimba wakho oluyenzayo. Ukuhlinzwa kwezinso noma ukuhlinzwa kwezinso ne-liver kungaphatha i-primary hyperoxaluria. Ukuhlinzwa kwe-liver kuphela ukwelashwa okungase kululame ezinye izinhlobo ze-primary hyperoxaluria.