Ukuqala Kwe-Hypersomnia? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Hypersomnia yisifo sokulala lapho uzizwa ulele kakhulu emini, ngisho noma uthole ukulala okwanele ebusuku. Akuyona nje into yokuzwa ukukhathala ngemuva kokulala okubi—kungumfuneko oqhubekayo, onamandla wokulala ohlupha impilo yakho yansuku zonke.

Uma ubhekene naleli simo, awuwedwa, futhi akuyona iphutha lakho. Umzimba wakho uthumela izimpawu zokuthi kukhona okudinga ukunakekelwa, nokuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani kungaba yisinyathelo sokuqala sokuzizwa uphinde ube nguwe.

Iyini i-hypersomnia?

I-Hypersomnia isho ukuthi umzimba wakho ufuna ukulala okuningi kunalokho abantu abaningi abakudingayo. Ngesikhathi umuntu omdala ojwayelekile edinga amahora angu-7-9 okulala, abantu abane-hypersomnia bangase balele amahora angu-10-12 noma ngaphezulu, basaphakama bezizwa bengakhulile.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-hypersomnia. I-hypersomnia eyinhloko yenzeka yodwa ngaphandle kwesizathu esiyinhloko esingasibona. I-hypersomnia yesibili ithuthukiswa yisimo sezempilo, imithi, noma isifo sokulala.

Lesi simo sithinta cishe ama-5% wabantu. Singaqala kunoma iyiphi iminyaka kodwa ngokuvamile siqala ebusheni. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokuxilongwa okulungile nokuphathwa, abantu abaningi bangaphatha izimpawu zabo ngokuphumelelayo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-hypersomnia?

Isimpawu esiyinhloko ukulala okukhulu emini okungathuthuki ngokulala okuningi. Ungase uzithole uqhumuka ngesikhathi sokubonisana, imihlangano, noma ngesikhathi uqhuba—okungase kuzwakale kuyadumaza futhi kukhathaze.

Nazi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ukulala isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile (amahora angu-10 noma ngaphezulu) kodwa usazizwa ukhathele
• Ubunzima bokuvuka ekuseni, ngisho noma une-alarms eziningi
• Ukuthatha ubuthongo obukhulu emini (ngezinye izikhathi amahora angu-3-4 ubude)
• Ukuzizwa ukhulu noma “unefuthi” usuku lonke
• Ubunzima bokuhlanganisa noma ukukhumbula izinto
• Ukucasuka noma ukushintsha kwesimo sengqondo
• Ukulala ezimweni ezingafaneleki

Abanye abantu nabo bahlangabezana nalokho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi “ukudakwa kokulala”—isikhathi sokudideka nokungazi ukuthi ukhona kuphi lapho uvuka khona okungase kuqhubeke imizuzu engama-30 kuya kumahora amaningana. Lokhu kungenza ukuba ekuseni kube nzima kakhulu futhi ngezinye izikhathi kube okwesaba.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-hypersomnia?

I-hypersomnia eyinhloko ihlanganisa izimo lapho ukulala okukhulu kuyinkinga eyinhloko. Uhlobo oludume kakhulu yi-narcolepsy, ethinta cishe umuntu omunye ku-2,000 futhi ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ubuthakathaka bemisipha obuqalayo obuvusa imizwelo.

I-Idiopathic hypersomnia enye uhlobo oluyinhloko lapho isizathu sisalungile. Abantu abaneli simo ngokuvamile balele amahora amaningi kakhulu futhi banezinkinga ezinzima zokuvuka, ngezinye izikhathi bezizwa sengathi “banamathele embhedeni.”

I-hypersomnia yesibili ithuthukiswa izinto eziningi. I-Sleep apnea yisizathu esivamile—ukuphefumula kwakho kuye kuyeke ngokuphindaphindiwe ngesikhathi ulele, ukuvimbela ukulala okuphumuzayo ngisho noma ukhona embhedeni amahora amaningi. Ukudideka, imithi ethile, nezinye izimo zezinzwa zingase futhi ziholele ekulaleni okukhulu.

I-Kleine-Levin syndrome uhlobo oluyimfihlo oluthinta ikakhulukazi intsha. Ihlanganisa iziqephu zokulala okukhulu isikhathi eside sezinsuku kuya emavikini, ngokuvamile zihambisana nokufuna ukudla okukhulu nokushintsha kokuziphatha. Phakathi kweziqephu, izindlela zokulala zibuyela ejwayelekile.

Yini ebangela i-hypersomnia?

Isizathu esiqondile se-hypersomnia eyinhloko ngokuvamile sihlala siyimfihlo, okungase kuzwakale kuyadumaza lapho ufuna izimpendulo. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kungase kuhilele izinkinga zezinto ezikhiqizwa ubuchopho ezinqamula ukulala nokuvuka, ikakhulukazi i-neurotransmitter ebizwa nge-hypocretin.

I-hypersomnia yesibili inezizathu ezibonakalayo ngokwengeziwe odokotela bakho abangazihlola:

• Izifo zokulala njenge-sleep apnea noma i-restless leg syndrome
• Izimo zezempilo ezinjengokucindezeleka, ukukhathazeka, noma isifo se-bipolar
• Izinkinga zezinzwa ezihlanganisa ukulimala kwengqondo noma iziwombe
• Imithi efana ne-antihistamines, i-antidepressants, noma imithi yokukhathazeka
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto eziluthayo ezihlanganisa utshwala noma izidakamizwa zokuzilibazisa
• Ukungahambelani kwamahomoni noma izinkinga zesitho sokuqeda
• I-Chronic fatigue syndrome noma i-fibromyalgia

Ngezinye izikhathi, lokho okuqala njengoba kuba yinkinga yokulala okwesikhashana ngenxa yokucindezeleka noma ukugula kungase kuqhubeke kube yi-hypersomnia ehlala njalo. Isikhathi sokulala-ukuphuma kokulala sengqondo yakho singase “sinamathele” esimweni esingajwayelekile, sidinga usizo lochwepheshe ukuze sibuyele.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-hypersomnia?

Kufanele ucabange ukuya kudokotela uma ukulala okukhulu kuhlupha impilo yakho yansuku zonke isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa. Lokhu akuyona into yokuba uvilapha noma ukushoda kwamandla—kuphathelene nokuthola ukwesekwa kwezokwelapha okufanele ukukuthole.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi lezi zimo. Uyawela ulele ngesikhathi uqhuba noma ngesikhathi wemisebenzi ebalulekile. Umsebenzi wakho noma ukusebenza esikoleni kuhlupheka ngenxa yokulala. Ulele amahora angu-10-12 njalo kodwa usazizwa ukhathele.

Thola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma une-onset ephawulekayo yokulala okukhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nobuthakathaka bemisipha, amaphupho, noma iziqephu lapho ungakwazi ukuhamba khona lapho uwa ulele noma uvuka. Lezi zingase zibe izimpawu ze-narcolepsy noma enye isimo esinzima.

Amalungu omndeni wakho noma abangane bakhombisile ukukhathazeka ngezindlela zakho zokulala. Ngezinye izikhathi abanye babona ukushintsha ngaphambi kokuba siwubone, futhi ukubona kwabo kungaba yigugu ekutholeni usizo olukuthola.

Ziyini izinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini ye-hypersomnia?

Izinto ezithile zingase zikwenze ube sengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa i-hypersomnia, nakuba ukuba nezinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa ngokuqinisekile lesi simo. Ukuqonda lokhu kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi nibone izizathu ezingase zibe khona.

Iminyaka idlala indima kwezinye izinhlobo ze-hypersomnia. I-Narcolepsy ngokuvamile iqala eminyakeni yobusha noma ekuqaleni kwama-twenties, kanti ezinye izinhlobo zingase zithuthuke kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. Umlando womndeni nawo ubalulekile—uma izihlobo eziseduze zinezifo zokulala, ungase ube sengozini enkulu.

Nazi izinto eziyinhloko ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini okufanele uzazi:

• Umlando womndeni wezifo zokulala noma i-narcolepsy
• Umlando wokulimalala kwekhanda noma ukutheleleka kwengqondo
• Izimo zempilo yengqondo njengokucindezeleka noma isifo se-bipolar
• Ukukhuluphala, okwandisa ingozi ye-sleep apnea
• Ukuthatha imithi ethile njalo
• Umsebenzi wokuhlangana noma izikhathi zokulala ezingajwayelekile
• Izimo zezempilo ezingapheli ezithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa

Ukuba owesilisa kukwandisa kancane ingozi yezinye izinhlobo ze-hypersomnia, ikakhulukazi i-narcolepsy enenkathazo. Kodwa-ke, lesi simo sithinta abantu bazo zonke izinhlobo zobulili, futhi izinto zomuntu ziyabaluleke kakhulu kunamahlukaniso ajwayelekile.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zibe khona ze-hypersomnia?

I-hypersomnia engaphathwa ingase ibe nomthelela omkhulu ekulinganisweni kwakho kokuphila nokuvikelekile. Ukukhathazeka okukhulu kunazo zonke ingozi enkulu yengozi—ukulala ngesikhathi uqhuba noma usebenzisa imishini kungaba yingozi kuwe nakwabanye.

Ubuhlobo bakho nokuphila kwakho komsebenzi kungase kuhlupheke njengoba ukulala okukhulu kuhlupha ikhono lakho lokubamba iqhaza ngokugcwele emisebenzini nokugcina ukusebenza okuqhubekayo. Lokhu kungase kuholele ekuzizweni kokungabi nabangane, ukucasuka, nokwehla kokuzithemba.

Izinhlanganisela ezingase zibe khona zihlanganisa:

• Izingozi zezimoto ngenxa yokugibela imoto ngesikhathi ulele
• Ukusebenza okubi kwemisebenzi noma esikoleni
• Ubuhlobo obuhluphekayo nomndeni nabangane
• Ukungezwa kengozi yokucindezeleka nokukhathazeka
• Ukukhuluphala ngenxa yokunciphisa amazinga wemisebenzi
• Izinkinga zokukhumbula nokugxila
• Ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi nokwehla kokulinganiswa kokuphila

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukwelashwa okulungile kungavimbela izinhlanganisela eziningi zalezi. Abantu abaningi abane-hypersomnia baqhubeka bephila impilo egcwele, ezuzisayo uma sebethole ukunakekelwa okufanele futhi bathuthukise amasu aphathekayo.

I-hypersomnia ingavikeleka kanjani?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukugwema i-hypersomnia eyinhloko, ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yakho ye-hypersomnia yesibili nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yakho yokulala iyonke. Ukuhlanzeka okulungile kokulala kuyindlela yokuqala yemizamo yokulala enempilo.

Ukugcina isimiso sokulala esiqondile kusiza ukulungisa iwashi langaphakathi lomzimba wakho. Zama ukuya ekulolweni nokuvuka ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke, ngisho nasekupheleni kwamasonto. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kuyindlela yokulinganisela ekuqaleni, kodwa kungase kuthuthukise kakhulu ikhwalithi yakho yokulala ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Nazi izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezingasiza:

• Gcina isimiso sokulala esiqondile, ngisho nasekupheleni kwamasonto
• Dala indawo yokulala enhle, emnyama, nezothile
• Linganisela i-caffeine notshwala, ikakhulukazi kusihlwa
• Zama ukuzivocavoca njalo, kodwa hhayi eduze nesikhathi sokulala
• Phatha ukucindezeleka ngamathuluzi okuphumula noma ukwelashwa
• Gwema ukudla okukhulu nama-screens ngaphambi kokulala
• Bheka izimo zezempilo ezingapheli ngokushesha

Uma uthatha imithi ebangela ukulala, khuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinye izinto noma ukulungiswa kwesikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi, ukushintsha okulula kokuthatha imithi kungase kube nomthelela omkhulu ekulaleni kwakho kwemini.

I-hypersomnia ixilongwa kanjani?

Ukuxilonga i-hypersomnia kuhilela ukuhlolwa okugcwele kwezindlela zakho zokulala, umlando wezokwelapha, futhi ngokuvamile izifundo zokulala ezikhethekile. Udokotela wakho uzofuna ukuqonda ngokuqondile ukuthi yini oyizwayo futhi asuse ezinye izimo ezingase zibangele izimpawu ezifanayo.

Inqubo ngokuvamile iqala ngomlando wezokulala onemininingwane. Udokotela wakho uzokubuza ngesikhathi sakho sokulala, ukuthi uzizwa kanjani emini, nanoma yiziphi izinto ezingase zithinte ukulala kwakho. Ukugcina idayari yokulala amasonto angu-1-2 ngaphambi komhlangano wakho kungase kunikeze ulwazi oluyigugu.

Izivivinyo zokuxilonga zingase zihlanganise:

• Idayari yokulala yokulandelela amasonto angu-1-2
• Isifundo sokulala ebusuku (i-polysomnography) ukuqapha amaza engqondo, ukuphefumula, nokuhamba
• I-Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT) ukuqapha ukuthi uwa ulele ngokushesha kangakanani emini
• Izivivinyo zegazi ukuhlola izimo ezingaphansi
• Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo ukuhlola ukucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka
• Ukubonwa kwengqondo uma kukhona izizathu zezinzwa ezithathwayo

I-Multiple Sleep Latency Test ibaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni i-hypersomnia. Uzokuthatha ubuthongo obuningi obuhleliwe emini ngesikhathi uqapha. Uma uwa ulele ngaphansi kwemizuzu engu-8 ngokulinganisela, lokho kubonisa ukulala okukhulu.

Iyini ukwelashwa kwe-hypersomnia?

Ukwelashwa kwe-hypersomnia kuncike esizathwini esiyinhloko nohlobo olukhona. Umgomo ukukusiza uzizwe uphapheme kakhulu emini futhi uthuthukise ikhwalithi yakho yokuphila iyonke. Abantu abaningi babona ukuthuthuka okukhulu ngokwelashwa okulungile.

Nge-hypersomnia yesibili, ukwelapha isimo esiyinhloko ngokuvamile kulungisa ukulala okukhulu. Lokhu kungase kuhilele ukwelapha i-sleep apnea ngemishini ye-CPAP, ukulungisa imithi ebangela ukulala, noma ukuphatha ukucindezeleka noma ezinye izimo zempilo yengqondo.

Amakhetho okwelapha ahlanganisa:

• Imithi yokukhuthaza njenge-modafinil noma i-methylphenidate ukuthuthukisa ukuqapha
• I-Antidepressants engasiza ekulawuleni izikhathi zokulala-ukuphuma kokulala
• I-Sodium oxybate yezinye izinhlobo ze-narcolepsy
• I-CPAP therapy uma i-sleep apnea ihlanganyela ezimpawu
• Ukwelashwa kokukhanya ukuze kusize ukulungisa i-circadian rhythm yakho
• Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha ukuthuthukisa imikhuba yokulala engcono
• Ukushintsha kwesitayela sempilo okuhlanganisa ubuthongo obuhleliwe

Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuthola ukuxuba okulungile kokwelashwa. Kungase kudingeke isikhathi esithile ukuthola ukuthi yini esebenza kangcono kuwe, futhi ukulungiswa kuyinto evamile njengoba umzimba wakho uphendula ekwelapheni.

Indlela yokuphatha i-hypersomnia ekhaya?

Amasu okuphatha ekhaya angase athuthukise kakhulu ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha futhi akusize uzizwe ulawula kakhulu isimo sakho. Ukuqala kuyindlela yokwakha izakhiwo nezindlela ezikusekela ukulala okuhle nokuqapha kwemini.

Ukuthatha ubuthongo obuhleliwe kungasiza uma kwenziwa ngendlela efanele. Ubuthongo obukhulu bemizuzu engama-20-30 ntambama kungase kukhuthaze ukuqapha ngaphandle kokuphazamisa ukulala ebusuku. Ubuthongo obukhulu bungase kukushiye uzizwa ukhulu futhi kwenze kube nzima ukulala ebusuku.

Amasu aphathekayo ekhaya ahlanganisa:

• Namathela esimisweni sokulala esiqondile, ngisho nasekupheleni kwamasonto
• Thatha ubuthongo obukhulu obuhleliwe (imizuzu engama-20-30) uma kudingeka
• Sebenzisa ukukhanya okukhulu ekuseni ukuze kusize ukuvuka
• Dala indlela yokulala ephumuzayo
• Gcina igumbi lakho lokulala lipholile, elimnyama, nezothile
• Gwema i-caffeine kusihlwa
• Hlala ukhuthele ngokomzimba, kodwa hhayi eduze nesikhathi sokulala

Cabanga ukwazisa abangane abathembayo, amalungu omndeni, noma osebenza nabo ngesimo sakho. Ukuba nokuqonda kwabo nokwesekwa kungase kunciphisa ukucindezeleka futhi kusize ukwenza izinto ezifanele uma kudingeka, njengokugwema imihlangano yasekuseni noma ukuba nomuntu oqhubayo uma ulele kakhulu.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani umhlangano wakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela ngokugcwele umhlangano wakho kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde kangcono isimo sakho futhi athuthukise uhlelo lokwelapha oluphumelelayo. Ulwazi oluqondile kakhulu ongalunikeza, udokotela wakho angakuxilonga futhi akwelaphe ngokuqondile isimo sakho.

Qala ukugcina idayari yokulala okungenani isonto elilodwa ngaphambi komhlangano wakho. Bhala ukuthi uya ekulolweni nini, ukuthi kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuwela ulele, ukuthi uvuka kangaki, ukuthi uvuka nini, nokuthi uzizwa kanjani emini.

Letha lolwazi emhlanganweni wakho:

• Idayari yokulala enemininingwane amasonto angu-1-2
• Uhlu lwemithi yonke nezinye izinto ozithathayo
• Ulwazi ngesikhathi sakho somsebenzi nesitayela sempilo
• Umlando womndeni wezifo zokulala
• Noma yikuphi ukushintsha kwakamuva empilweni noma izinto ezikucindezelayo
• Imibuzo mayelana namakhetho okwelapha nokuthi yini okulindelekile
• Uhlu lwezimpawu nokuthi zikuthinta kanjani impilo yakho yansuku zonke

Ungangabazi ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngane obeqaphele izindlela zakho zokulala. Bangase baphawule izinto ongaziqapheli, futhi ukuba nokusekelwa ngesikhathi somhlangano kungasiza ekuqondeni ulwazi nokukhumbula imininingwane ebalulekile.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana ne-hypersomnia?

I-Hypersomnia yisimo sezempilo esiqinisekile esithinta kakhulu impilo yakho yansuku zonke, kodwa futhi ilapheka kakhulu. Awuvilaphi noma awunamandla—uhlelo lokulala-ukuphuma kokulala kwengqondo yakho luya kudinga ukunakekelwa nokwesekwa kwezokwelapha.

Isinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela ukuthi ukulala okukhulu akuyona into ejwayelekile nokuthola usizo lochwepheshe. Ngokuxilongwa okulungile nokuphathwa, abantu abaningi abane-hypersomnia bangaphatha izimpawu zabo ngokuphumelelayo futhi babuyisele ikhwalithi yokuphila kwabo.

Khumbula ukuthi ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuthatha isikhathi futhi kungase kudinge ukulungiswa. Yiba nomoya omuhle ngawe futhi usebenze eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Abantu abaningi abane-hypersomnia baqhubeka bephila impilo egcwele, ezuzisayo uma sebethole indlela yokwelapha efanele.

Ufanele uzizwe uphapheme futhi une-energy ngesikhathi sakho sokuvuka. Ungangabazi ukulwela wena futhi ufuna ukunakekelwa okudingekayo ukuze uzizwe ukhulu.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana ne-hypersomnia

Ingabe i-hypersomnia ifana nokuvilapha noma ukucindezeleka?

Cha, i-hypersomnia yisimo sezempilo esiqinisekile esithinta ikhono lengqondo yakho lokulawula ukulala nokuvuka. Nakuba ukucindezeleka kungase kubangele i-hypersomnia, isimo ngokwalo akuyona into embi noma ukushoda kokukhuthazela. Kudinga ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha, hhayi amandla okuzithiba.

Ingabe i-hypersomnia ingaphiliswa ngokuphelele?

Nakuba ezinye izinhlobo ze-hypersomnia yesibili zingaphiliswa ngokwelapha isizathu esiyinhloko, i-hypersomnia eyinhloko ngokuvamile iyisimo esingapheli esidinga ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo. Kodwa-ke, abantu abaningi bangase bathuthukise kakhulu izimpawu futhi baphile impilo evamile ngokwelashwa okulungile.

Kulala okuningi kangakanani okukhulu kakhulu?

Abantu abaningi abadala badinga amahora angu-7-9 okulala ngobusuku. Uma ulele amahora angu-10-12 njalo futhi usazizwa ukhathele emini, noma uma uwa ulele ngezikhathi ezingafaneleki, kungase kubonise i-hypersomnia. Okubalulekile akuyona nje inani lokulala, kodwa indlela ozizwa ngayo nokusebenza kwakho ngesikhathi sokuvuka.

Ingabe izingane zingaba ne-hypersomnia?

Yebo, izingane nezingane ezincane zingase zithuthukise i-hypersomnia, nakuba kungavamile kunabantu abadala. I-Narcolepsy ngokuvamile iqala eminyakeni yobusha, futhi i-Kleine-Levin syndrome ithinta ikakhulukazi intsha. Uma ingane yakho ibonakala izele kakhulu naphezu kokulala okwanele, xhumana nodokotela wezingane noma ochwepheshe wokulala.

Ngizokwazi yini ukuqhuba ngokuphepha nge-hypersomnia?

Ukuqhuba ngokuphepha kuncike ekulawuleni kahle kangakanani i-hypersomnia yakho ngokwelashwa. I-Hypersomnia engaphathwa ikhuthaza kakhulu ingozi yengozi, ngakho kubalulekile ukusebenza nodokotela wakho ukuze ulawule izimpawu ngokuphumelelayo. Abanye abantu bangase badinge ukuyeka ukuqhuba okwesikhashana kuze kube yilapho isimo sabo silawulwa kahle, kanti abanye bangase baqhube ngokuphepha ngokwelashwa okulungile nezinye izinto.