Ukutholakala Kwe-Hyponatremia? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Hyponatremia kwenzeka lapho amazinga esodiyam ethuneni lakho ewa phansi kunokujwayelekile, okwenza kungalingani kokulawulwa kwamanzi emzimbeni wakho. Cabanga ngesodiyam njengomlawuli oyinhloko womzimba wakho wokulinganisela amanzi - uma amazinga esodiyam ewa kakhulu, amangqamuzana akho angakhula ngamanzi amaningi, okungenzeka ukuthi kuthonye indlela ubuchopho bakho namanye amalungu asebenza ngayo.

Lokhu kusimo empeleni kuvamile kunabantu abaningi abakwaziyo, ikakhulukazi kubantu abadala nabantu abasebenzisa imithi ethile. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha, i-hyponatremia ingaphathwa futhi iphiliswe kahle.

Iyini i-hyponatremia?

I-Hyponatremia ivela lapho amazinga esodiyam egazini lakho ewa phansi ku-135 milliequivalents ngelitha (mEq/L). Ukuze umzimba wakho ugcine ukulinganisela kwamanzi, ukusekela umsebenzi wezinzwa, nokusiza imisipha ukuba ihlale iqinile, udinga i-sodium.

Uma amazinga esodiyam ewa, amanzi aya emangqamuzaneni akho ukuzama ukulinganisela izinto. Lokhu kuqhuma kwamangqamuzana kungabangela izinkinga kulo lonke umzimba wakho, kodwa kukhathaza kakhulu lapho kuthonya amangqamuzana ebuchosheni. Ubuchopho bakho buhlala ngaphakathi kwendwangu eqinile, ngakho noma yikuphi ukuqhuma kungadala ukucindezela futhi kuphazamise umsebenzi ojwayelekile wobuchopho.

Ubukhulu be-hyponatremia kuncike ekutheni amazinga esodiyam akho ewa kangakanani nokuthi ukungalingani kuvela ngokushesha kangakanani. Izimo ezilula zingase zibangele izimpawu ezimbalwa, kuyilapho izimo ezinzima zingaba yingozi uma zingaphathwa ngokushesha.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-hyponatremia?

Izimpawu ze-hyponatremia zingase zibe zingezansi noma ezinzima, kuye ngokuthi amazinga esodiyam akho ewa kangakanani. Abantu abaningi abane-hyponatremia elula bangase bangaphawuli lutho, yingakho lesi simo ngezinye izikhathi singabonakali.

Nazi izimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ukuphefumula nokugabha
• Ubuhlungu ekhanda
• Ukuphazamiseka noma ukuhluleka ukugxila
• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka
• Ukubamba noma ukugqwala kwemisipha
• Ukucasuka noma ukushintsha kwesimo sengqondo
• Ukwehluleka kokudla

Njengoba amazinga esodiyam ewa kakhulu, izimpawu ezinzima zingase zivele. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuphazamiseka okukhulu, ukuhluleka ukuhlala uphapheme, ukuhlwitha, noma ukulahlekelwa yisazulu. Uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezinzima, kubalulekile ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo ngokushesha.

Into enzima ngezimpawu ze-hyponatremia ukuthi zingase zivele kancane kancane, okwenza kube lula ukuzidela njengokucindezeleka, ukuguga, noma ezinye izinkinga ezivamile. Yingakho kubalulekile ukunaka ukuxubana kwalezi zimpawu, ikakhulukazi uma ziqhubeka noma zibe zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Yini ebangela i-hyponatremia?

I-Hyponatremia ivela lapho umzimba wakho ulahlekelwa yisodiyam eningi, ugcina amanzi amaningi, noma kokubili. Ukuqonda izimbangela eziyisisekelo kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi nibone indlela engcono yokwelapha.

Izimbangela ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Imithi efana ne-diuretics (amaphilisi amanzi), ama-antidepressants, noma imithi yokuhlunguza ubuhlungu
• Ukunisela amanzi amaningi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca okunzima
• I-diarrhea, ukugabha, noma ukukhishwa okubangela ukulahleka kwesodiyam
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, okungabangela ukugcinwa kwamanzi
• Isifo sezinso esithinta ukulawulwa kwesodiyam
• Isifo se-Liver esibangela ukungalingani kwamanzi
• Ukungalingani kwamahomoni, ikakhulukazi okuhilela i-antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Ezinye izimbangela ezingavamile kodwa ezibalulekile zihlanganisa ukutheleleka okukhethekile kwamaphaphu, ukulimala kobuchopho, noma iziphumu ezihlasela ukukhiqizwa kwamahomoni. Ngokungavamile, izimo ezifana ne-Addison's disease noma i-hypothyroidism zingase futhi zinikeze amazinga aphansi esodiyam.

Abagijimi abasebenzisa amanzi amaningi ngesikhathi sezenzakalo zokuzikhandla bangase bathuthukise i-hyponatremia ehlobene nokuzivocavoca. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho bebuyisela amanzi alahleke khona ngamanzi nje ngaphandle kokubuyisela i-sodium elahlekile ngokukhishwa.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-hyponatremia?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu eziqhubekayo njengokuphefumula okuqhubekayo, ubuhlungu ekhanda, ukuphazamiseka, noma ukukhathala okungavamile. Lezi zimpawu zingaba nezimbangela eziningi, kodwa lapho zivele ndawonye, zidinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Funa ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kwezimo eziphuthumayo uma uthuthukisa izimpawu ezinzima ezifana nokuhlwitha, ukulahlekelwa yisazulu, ukuphazamiseka okukhulu, noma ukuhluleka ukuhlala uphapheme. Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukuthi amazinga esodiyam akho angase awele emazingeni aphansi kakhulu, adinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Uma usebenzisa imithi eyaziwayo ukuthi ithonya amazinga esodiyam, kuwukuhlakanipha ukuxoxa ngokubeka iliso njalo nodokotela wakho. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu nge-diuretics, ama-antidepressants athile, nemithi yokwelapha ukuhlwitha noma ukuphatha ubuhlungu.

Abantu abane-heart failure, isifo sezinso, noma izinkinga ze-liver kufanele futhi bagcine ukuxhumana njalo neqembu labo lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, njengoba lezi zimo zingandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-hyponatremia.

Ziyini izici ezingozi ze-hyponatremia?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa i-hyponatremia. Ukuba nomqondo walo mkhuba wengozi kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela futhi wazi ukuthi nini kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ngezimpawu.

Ubudala buwumsebenzi obalulekile, ngabantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65 abanengozi enkulu ngenxa yoshintsho oluhlobene nobudala emsebenzini wezinso, ukulawulwa kwamahomoni, nokusetshenziswa kwemithi. Abantu abadala futhi bavame ukuba nengxenye enkulu yamafutha omzimba kumisipha, okwenza umzimba uphathe ukulinganisela kwamanzi.

Izici ezingozi ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ukusebenzisa imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi i-diuretics, ama-antidepressants, noma imithi yokwelapha ukuhlwitha
• Ukuba nezimo ezingapheli njengokwehluleka kwenhliziyo, isifo sezinso, noma i-liver cirrhosis
• Ukuhlangabezana nokugabha okuqhubekayo, i-diarrhea, noma ukukhishwa okukhulu
• Ukunisela amanzi amaningi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca
• Ukuba nemiqondo yamahomoni ethinta ukukhiqizwa kwe-ADH
• Ukuhlangana nezinqubo zezokwelapha noma ukuhlinzwa okuthile
• Ukuba nomlando wokulimalala kobuchopho noma ukutheleleka

Abagijimi bokubekezelela babhekene nezingozi ezikhethekile, ikakhulukazi lapho bedla amanzi amaningi ngaphandle kokubuyisela i-sodium eyanele ngesikhathi sezivivinyo ezinde noma imiqhudelwano. Le ngozi iyanda ezimweni ezishisayo, ezimanzi lapho ukulahleka kokukhishwa kukhulu khona.

Abantu abane-eating disorders noma labo abalandela ukudla okune-sodium encane kakhulu bangase futhi babe sengozini enkulu, ikakhulukazi uma futhi besebenzisa imithi ethinta ukulinganisela kwesodiyam.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ze-hyponatremia?

Ngenkathi i-hyponatremia elula ingase ibe nezinkinga ezincane, izimo ezinzima noma ezithuthuka ngokushesha zingabangela izinhlanganisela ezinzima. Izinhlanganisela ezinkulu kakhulu zihilela ubuchopho, lapho ukuqhuma kwamangqamuzana kungadala ukucindezela okungozi ngaphakathi kwendwangu.

Izinhlanganisela ezihlobene nobuchopho zingabandakanya:

• Ukuhlwitha ngenxa yomsebenzi we-elekthrikhi ongajwayelekile
• I-Coma noma ukulahlekelwa yisazulu
• Ukonakala kobuchopho okungapheli ngenxa yokuqhuma okukhulu
• Ukucindezela okwandayo ngaphakathi kwendwangu
• Ubunzima bokuxhumanisa nokuqondana

Ukulungiswa okusheshayo kwamazinga esodiyam aphansi kakhulu kungase futhi kubangele izinhlanganisela. Uma i-sodium ikhuphuka ngokushesha kakhulu, ingabangela isimo esingavamile kodwa esinzima esibizwa nge-osmotic demyelination syndrome, okungabangela ukonakala kobuchopho okungapheli.

Ezinye izinhlanganisela zingase zihlanganise ukuwa nokulimala ngenxa yokuphazamiseka, ubuthakathaka, noma ukuhlwitha. Abantu abadala banengozi kakhulu kulezi zimanga ezimbi, ezingaba nemiphumela ehlala njalo ekuhambeni nasekuzimeleni.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokuphathwa okunakekelayo kwezokwelapha, izinhlanganisela eziningi zingavikeleka. Yingakho kubalulekile ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uthola ukuthi une-hyponatremia.

I-hyponatremia ingavikeleka kanjani?

Amasu okuvimbela i-hyponatremia agxile ekuqondiseni ukulinganisela kwamanzi nesudiyam. Ikhona ukuqonda izici zakho zengozi ngamunye nokuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele ngokususelwa esimweni sakho sempilo nasemizimbeni yakho.

Uma usebenzisa imithi engathinta amazinga esodiyam, sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze uqaphele i-sodium yakho yegazi njalo. Ungalokothi uyeke noma ushintshe imithi ngokwakho, kodwa xoxa nganoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka ngemiphumela emibi nodokotela wakho.

Ukuvikela kwansuku zonke, cabanga ngalezi zindlela:

• Phuza amanzi ngokulinganisela - landela ukoma kwakho kunokuphoqa ukunisela amanzi amaningi
• Buyisela kokubili amanzi nama-electrolytes ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca isikhathi eside noma ukugula
• Qapha izimpawu uma unezimo ezingapheli ezikhuphula ingozi
• Landela iziphakamiso zokwelapha zakho ngesodiyam lokudla uma unezinkinga zenhliziyo noma izinso
• Qaphela ukunisela amanzi uma ugula ngokugabha noma i-diarrhea

Abagijimi kufanele banake kakhulu isu labo lokunisela ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca nemiqhudelwano. Iziphuzo zezemidlalo eziqukethe i-sodium zingasiza ngesikhathi semisebenzi ende, futhi ukuzilinganisela ngaphambi nangemva kokuzivocavoca kungakusiza ukulinganisela ukubuyiselwa kwamanzi okufanele.

Uma unezimo zezokwelapha ezingapheli, ukugcina ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo nokuhlolwa kwegazi njengoba kunconywe udodotela wakho kuyinye yamasu okuvimbela okuphumelelayo kakhulu.

I-hyponatremia ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonishwa kwe-hyponatremia kuqala ngovavanyo olulula lwegazi olulinganisa amazinga esodiyam akho. Udokotela wakho uzokukhipha iphaneli ephelele yemisebenzi, ehlola i-sodium kanye nezinye izinto ezibalulekile ze-electrolytes kanye nemikhuba yemisebenzi yezinso.

Izinga lesodiyam elingaphansi ku-135 mEq/L liqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, kodwa udokotela wakho uzofuna ukuqonda ukuthi kungani amazinga akho ephansi. Lolu cwaningo lungase luhlanganise ukuhlolwa kwegazi okwengeziwe ukuze uhlole amazinga ama-hormone, umsebenzi wezinso, kanye nezinye izilinganiso ze-electrolyte.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzophinde ahlole umlando wakho wezokwelapha, imithi yakho yamanje, kanye nezimpawu zakamuva. Bazokuphuthuma ngokunisela kwamanzi, noma yikuphi ukugula kwamuva, ukushintsha ekuphumeni kwamanzi, nokuthi uhlangabezane yini nokugabha, i-diarrhea, noma ukukhishwa okukhulu.

Ngezinye izikhathi, ukuhlolwa kwamathumbu kungakunikeza ulwazi oluwusizo mayelana nendlela izinso zakho ziphatha ngayo i-sodium namanzi. Lezi zivivinyo zingasiza ukwahlukanisa phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-hyponatremia nokuqondisa izinqumo zokwelapha.

Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angase athathe izifundo zokuthwebula izithombe noma ukuhlolwa kwamahomoni okwengeziwe ukuze athole izimo eziyisisekelo ezingase zinikeze ukungalingani kwesodiyam.

Iyini ukwelashwa kwe-hyponatremia?

Ukwelashwa kwe-hyponatremia kuncike ekutheni isimo sakho sibukhulu kangakanani, ukuthi sithuthukile ngokushesha kangakanani, nokuthi yini esiyibangelayo. Umgomo ukubuyisela amazinga esodiyam ajwayelekile ngokuphepha ngenkathi uqondisa inkinga eyiyisisekelo.

Ngezimpawu ezilula, ukwelashwa kungase kube okulula njengokulungisa imithi noma ukushintsha ukunisela kwamanzi. Udokotela wakho angase ancome ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi noma ukushintshela emithini ehlukile engathinti amazinga esodiyam.

Izimo ezinzima ngokuvamile zidinga ukungena esibhedlela ukuze kube khona ukubhekwa nokwelashwa okucophelelayo. Amakhetho okwelapha angase ahlanganise:

• Amanzi e-IV aqukethe i-sodium ukuze akhuphule amazinga egazi kancane kancane
• Imithi yokusiza izinso zakho ukuba zigcine i-sodium noma zisuse amanzi amaningi
• Ukwelapha izimo eziyisisekelo ezifana nokwehluleka kwenhliziyo noma ukungalingani kwamahomoni
• Ukulungisa noma ukuyeka imithi enikeza i-sodium ephansi
• Ukunciphisa amanzi kwezinye izimo

Ikhona yokwelashwa okuphumelelayo ukuphakamisa amazinga esodiyam kancane kancane. Ukulungisa amazinga ngokushesha kakhulu kungabangela izinhlanganisela ezinzima, ngakho iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokubeka iliso ngokucophelela intuthuko yakho ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile.

Ubude bokuwelashwa buyahluka kuye ngesizathu nobukhulu. Abanye abantu babona ukuthuthuka ngaphakathi kwamahora ambalwa, kuyilapho abanye bengase badinge izinsuku eziningi zokuphathwa okucophelelayo ukuze bafinyelele amazinga esodiyam aqinile.

Indlela yokuphatha i-hyponatremia ekhaya?

Ukuphathwa kwekhaya kwe-hyponatremia kufanele kwenziwe njalo ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Udokotela wakho uzokunikeza imiyalo ekhethekile ngokususelwa esimweni sakho ngamunye, futhi kubalulekile ukulandela le miyalo ngokuqondile.

Uma udokotela wakho ekunikeze imithi noma ekuconsise ukushintsha ukudla, ukuzinza kuyisihluthulelo. Thatha imithi njengoba kunconywe futhi gwema ukwenza izinguquko ngaphandle kokubonisana neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kuqala.

Qapha izimpawu zakho ngokucophelela futhi ugcine umbhalo wanoma yikuphi ushintsho. Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma uqaphela ukwanda kokuphazamiseka, ukwanda kokuphefumula, ubuhlungu obusha ekhanda, noma noma yiziphi ezinye izimpawu ezinkulu.

Ukulawula amanzi, landela iziphakamiso zakho zokwelapha. Abanye abantu bangase badinge ukunciphisa ukunisela kwamanzi, kuyilapho abanye bengase badinge ukuqinisekisa ukuthi banamanzi anele ngamanzi aqukethe i-electrolyte.

Gcina yonke imiqhudelwano yokulandelela futhi wenze umsebenzi wegazi njengoba kuhlelwe. Ukubeka iliso njalo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga esodiyam akho athuthuka futhi uthole noma yiziphi izinkinga ekuqaleni.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kuzokusiza ukuthi uthole okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu zakho zamanje, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshile kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke imithi oyithathayo, kufaka phakathi imithi yokwelapha, imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kokubonisana nodokotela, amavithamini, kanye nezinye izinto ezengeziwe. Faka izilinganiso nokuthi uqale nini ukuthatha ngayinye.

Lungela ukuxoxa ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi noma yiziphi izimo ezithinta inhliziyo yakho, izinso, i-liver, noma ama-hormone. Khumbula noma yikuphi ukugula kwamuva, ukuhlinzwa, noma izinguquko ezinkulu empilweni yakho.

Lungela ukuphendula imibuzo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, imikhuba yokudla, uhlelo lokuzivocavoca, nanoma yikuphi ukushintsha kwamuva emaphethini okuphuma kwamanzi. Udokotela wakho angase futhi abuze ngokusetshenziswa kotshwala nanoma yikuphi ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezingokuzijabulisa.

Cabanga ngokuletha umngane othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni elingakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile e-aphoyintimenti, ikakhulukazi uma uhlangabezana nokuphazamiseka noma izinkinga zokukhumbula.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-hyponatremia?

I-Hyponatremia iyisimo esilawuleka uma sihlonishwa futhi siphathwa kahle. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi izimpawu ezifana nokuphefumula okuqhubekayo, ubuhlungu ekhanda, ukuphazamiseka, noma ubuthakathaka akufanele zidelelwe, ikakhulukazi uma zivele ndawonye.

Ukutholakala kokuqala nokwelashwa kungavimbela izinhlanganisela ezinzima futhi kukusize uzizwe kangcono ngokushesha. Uma unezici zengozi ezifana nemithi ethile noma izimo zezokwelapha ezingapheli, ukubeka iliso njalo kungathola izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe nzima.

Ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kubalulekile kokubili ekwelapheni nasekuvimeleni. Unganqikazi ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nemithi yakho, iziphakamiso zokudla, noma noma yiziphi izimpawu ozibhekana nazo.

Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha nokukhathalela amasu okuvimbela, abantu abaningi abane-hyponatremia bangagcina amazinga esodiyam ajwayelekile futhi bagweme izigameko zesikhathi esizayo.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo mayelana ne-hyponatremia

Ingabe ukunisela amanzi amaningi ngempela kungabangela i-hyponatremia?

Yebo, ukunisela amanzi amaningi kunganciphisa amazinga esodiyam egazini lakho futhi kubangele i-hyponatremia. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca okunzima lapho abantu benisela amanzi amaningi ngaphandle kokubuyisela i-sodium elahlekile. Lesi simo ngezinye izikhathi sibizwa ngokuthi ukungcola kwamanzi.

I-hyponatremia ingathuthuka ngokushesha kangakanani?

I-Hyponatremia ingathuthuka ngamahora kuya ezinsukwini, kuye ngesizathu. Izimo ezibukhali ezithuthuka ngokushesha (ngaphakathi kwamahora angu-48) zivame ukubangela izimpawu ezinzima kunalezo ezithuthuka kancane kancane ngamaviki noma izinyanga. Umzimba wakho unesikhathi esiningi sokuziqondisa lapho izinguquko zenzeka kancane kancane.

Ingabe i-hyponatremia iyingozi kakhulu kubantu abadala?

Yebo, abantu abadala babhekene nezingozi ezikhulu ezivela e-hyponatremia ngenxa yoshintsho oluhlobene nobudala emsebenzini wezinso, ukwanda kokusetshenziswa kwemithi, nokunciphisa ikhono lokuqondisa ukulinganisela kwamanzi. Bavame futhi ukuba nezinhlanganisela ezinzima ezifana nokuwa ngenxa yokuphazamiseka noma ubuthakathaka.

Ungaba ne-hyponatremia ngaphandle kwezimpawu?

I-Hyponatremia elula ngokuvamile ayibangeli zimpawu ezibonakalayo, ikakhulukazi lapho ithuthuka kancane kancane. Abantu abaningi bathola kuphela ukuthi banezinga eliphansi lesodiyam ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuvamile. Noma kunjalo, ngisho nezimpawu ezilula kufanele ziqaphelwe ngoba zingase zibe zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ingabe ngizodinga ukuhlala esibhedlela ukuze ngwelashwe i-hyponatremia?

Ukwelashwa esibhedlela kuncike ebukhulu besimo sakho nezimpawu. Izimo ezilula zingase ziphathwe ngokubekwa iliso kwabantu abangena esibhedlela nokulungiswa kwemithi, kuyilapho izimo ezinzima ngokuvamile zidinga ukungena esibhedlela ukuze kube khona ukwelashwa kwe-IV nokubhekwa okucophelelayo ukuvimbela izinhlanganisela ezivela ekulungiseni okusheshayo kakhulu.