Ukuthini i-Hypospadias? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

I-Hypospadias yisimo sokuzalwa lapho umlomo we-urethra (ithebula elikhipha umchamo) utholakala ngaphansi kwelungu lesilisa kunokuba kube ngaphezulu. Lokhu kwenzeka kubantwana abangama-1 ku-200 kuya ku-1 ku-300, okwenza kube ngelinye lamahluko okuzalwa avamile athinta ilungu lesilisa.

Uma ingane yakho ihlonishwe nge-hypospadias, cishe uzizwa ukhononda futhi unemibuzo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi lesi simo siqondwa kahle ngabachwepheshe bezempilo futhi singaphathwa ngokuphumelelayo ngokuhlinzwa ezimweni eziningi.

Kuyini i-Hypospadias?

I-Hypospadias kwenzeka lapho i-urethra ingakhula ngokuphelele ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ishiya umlomo endaweni ethile ngaphansi kwelungu lesilisa kunokuba kube ngaphezulu. Cabanga ngakho njengokuyeka kokuthuthuka okwenzeke ngesikhathi ingane yakho ikhula esizalweni.

Lesi simo singaba silula kakhulu noma sibonakale kakhulu. Ezimweni ezilula, umlomo ungaba ngaphansi nje kancane kuneqakala lelungu lesilisa. Ezimweni ezinkulu, umlomo ungaba ngaphansi kwesigxobo noma eduze naseqaleni lelungu lesilisa.

Abafana abaningi abane-hypospadias baphilile ngokuphelele. Lesi simo ngokuvamile asithinti ezinye izingxenye zomzimba noma sibonise izinkinga zezempilo ezinkulu.

Ziyini Izimpawu ze-Hypospadias?

Uphawu olukhulu lwe-hypospadias yindawo yomlomo we-urethra. Uzobona ukuthi umlomo ukhona ngaphansi kwelungu lesilisa kunokuba kube ngaphezulu.

Nazi izinto eziyinhloko ongazibona:

• Umlomo we-urethra ubonakala kuphi na ngaphansi kwelungu lesilisa
• Ilungu lesilisa lingagoba phansi uma liqine (okubizwa ngokuthi i-chordee)
• I-foreskin ingabonakala ingavamile, ngokuvamile ichazwa njengokubonakala “okumbozwe”
• Iqakala lelungu lesilisa (glans) lingabonakala liqhelelene noma lingaphelele
• Ingane yakho ingase iphuzule umchamo ngezindlela ezahlukene kunokuba kube yisifufula esiqondile

Ezimweni ezithile, ungase uqaphele ukuthi ingane yakho idinga ukuhlala phansi ukuze iphuze umchamo ngoba isifudu asiyi phambili njengoba kulindelekile. Le mihluko ibonakala ngokwengeziwe njengoba ingane yakho ikhula futhi iqala ukuqeqeshwa.

Ziyini Izinhlobo ze-Hypospadias?

Odokotela bahlukanisa i-hypospadias ngokusekelwe lapho umlomo we-urethra utholakala khona. Ukuqonda uhlobo kusiza ekutholeni indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu yengane yakho.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• I-hypospadias ekude: Umlomo useduze neqakala lelungu lesilisa, ngaphansi nje kwalapho kufanele ube khona
• I-hypospadias ephakathi: Umlomo utholakala phakathi nesigxobo selungu lesilisa
• I-hypospadias eseduze: Umlomo useduze naseqaleni lelungu lesilisa noma endaweni yescrotal

Cishe u-80% wezimo yi-hypospadias ekude, eba lula futhi ilula ukuyilungisa. Izimo ezinzima azivamile kodwa zingadinga ukuhleleka okuhlinzayo okunzima.

Yini ebangela i-Hypospadias?

I-Hypospadias ithuthuka phakathi kwamasonto angu-12 okuqala okukhulelwa lapho ilungu lesilisa likhula. Imbangela eqondile ayicaci, kodwa kwenzeka lapho inqubo yokuthuthuka kwe-urethra ingapheleli kahle.

Izici eziningi zingase zifake isandla kulesi simo:

• Izici zofuzo - zingadluliselwa emindenini
• Ithonya lama-hormone ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi ehilela i-testosterone
• Ubudala bomama obungaphezu kweminyaka engu-35
• Izindlela ezithile zokwelapha ukuze kube khona ukukhulelwa
• Ukuvezwa kwemithi ethile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• Ukuzalwa okuncane noma ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi

Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-hypospadias ingase ihlotshaniswe nezinye izimo zofuzo noma izifo zama-hormone. Noma kunjalo, emindenini eminingi, ayikho imbangela ebonakalayo, futhi imelela nje ukuguquguquka ekuthuthukeni okuvamile.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi akukho lutho olukwenzile noma awukwenzanga ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa okubangele lesi simo. Le mihluko yokuthuthuka kwenzeka ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, ngokuvamile ngaphambi kokuba abantu abaningi bakwazi ukuthi balindele.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Nge-Hypospadias?

I-Hypospadias ngokuvamile ibonakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuqala kwengane yakho. Uma ingabonakali ngokushesha, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma ubona umlomo we-urethra endaweni engavamile.

Kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uqaphela:

• Umlomo we-urethra awukho eqakaleni lelungu lesilisa
• Ukugobeka okungavamile kwelungu lesilisa
• Ubunzima bokuphuza umchamo noma ukuqondisa umchamo okungavamile
• I-foreskin inokubonakala okungavamile

Ukuhlolwa kwasekuqaleni kuzuzisa ngoba kuvumela iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuthi lihlele isikhathi esifanele sokwelapha. Abaningi odokotela bezingane bazokudlulisa kudokotela we-urology wezingane oqeqeshwe kulezi zimo.

Ziyini Izici Zengozi ze-Hypospadias?

Ngenkathi i-hypospadias ingase ibonakale kunoma yimuphi umndeni, izici ezithile zingase zikhulise kancane amathuba alesisi simo ukuthi sithuthuke ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Izici eziyinhloko zengozi zihlanganisa:

• Umlando womndeni we-hypospadias (ubaba noma umfowethu onesimo)
• Ubudala bomama obungaphezu kweminyaka engu-35
• Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlela zokwelapha ukuze kube khona ukukhulelwa noma ama-hormone ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa
• I-Gestational diabetes
• Ukuvezwa kwezinto ezithile zekemikhali noma imithi ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa

Izici ezingavamile zengozi zingase zihlanganise:

• Ukukhulelwa okuningi (amawele, amawele amathathu)
• Ukuzalwa okuncane
• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi
• Izinhlobo ezithile zofuzo (nakuba lezi zingavamile)

Ukuba nezici zengozi akusho ukuthi i-hypospadias izokwenzeka ngokuqinisekile. Abantwana abaningi abazalwa kubazali abanezinye izici zengozi abathuthuki lesi simo, kanti abanye abangenazo izici zengozi ezaziwayo bayathuthuka.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingase Zenzeke Nge-Hypospadias?

Uma kushiywa ingaphathwa, i-hypospadias ingabangela izinselele eziningi njengoba ingane yakho ikhula. Ukuqonda lezi zinkinga ezingase zenzeke kusiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani ukwelashwa kuvame ukunconywa.

Izingozi zokusebenza zingase zihlanganise:

• Ubunzima bokuphuza umchamo uma umi
• Ukuphuzula noma ukuqondisa okungalungile kwesifufula somchamo
• Izinkinga zokusebenza kwezocansi ebuntwini ngenxa yokugobeka kwelungu lesilisa
• Izinselele zokuzala uma isimo sibuhlungu

Izingozi zenhlalo nezingqondo zingase zihlanganise:

• Ukuzithemba ngokubonakala, ikakhulukazi ebusheni
• Ubunzima bokuqeqeshwa esikhathini sokuya esikhathini
• Ukukhathazeka ngamakamelo okuhlanza noma izindawo zokuguqula ezivamile
• Ukukhathazeka ngobudlelwano obuseduze kamuva ekuphileni

Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-hypospadias engaphathwa ingase ihlotshaniswe nezinye izifo ezingavamile ze-urogenital ezingase zithinte ukusebenza kwesibindi noma ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone. Udokotela wakho we-urology wezingane uzohlola lezi zinto ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kokuqala.

I-Hypospadias Ihlonishwa Kanjani?

Ukuhlola i-hypospadias ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngokuhlolwa ngamehlo. Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile angakwazi ukuhlonishwa lesi simo ngokubuka ilungu lesilisa lengane yakho ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwabantwana abasanda kuzalwa.

Inqubo yokuhlola ihlanganisa ukuhlola indawo yomlomo we-urethra nokuhlola ukuthi kukhona yini ukugobeka kwelungu lesilisa. Udokotela wakho wezingane uzohlola ukuthi umlomo ukhona eqakaleni lelungu lesilisa noma endaweni ethile ngaphansi.

Ezimweni ezithile, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe:

• I-Ultrasound ukuze ahlole ukuthuthuka kwesibindi nesibindi
• Ukuhlolwa kwezinga lama-hormone uma kukhona ukukhathazeka kokuthuthuka
• Ukuhlolwa kwezinto zofuzo ezimweni ezingavamile lapho kukhona ukukhathazeka kwezinye izifo

Abantwana abaningi abane-hypospadias abadingi ukuhlolwa okuningi. Lesi simo ngokuvamile kulula ukuhlonishwa, futhi ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kunconywa kuphela uma udokotela wakho ekhathazeka ngezinye izimo ezihlobene.

Kuyini Ukwelapha kwe-Hypospadias?

Ukuhlinzwa yikona ukwelapha okuyinhloko kwe-hypospadias, futhi kuphumelela kakhulu ezimweni eziningi. Umgomo ukudala ilungu lesilisa eliqondile ngomlomo we-urethra eqakaleni, ukuvumela ukuphuza umchamo okuvamile nokusebenza kwezocansi.

Indlela yokwelapha ngokuhlinzwa ixhomeke ebukhulu nendawo:

• Izimo ezilula: Zivame ukudinga ukuhlinzwa okulodwa okuphela isikhathi esingu-1-2
• Izimo ezimaphakathi: Zingadinga izinqubo ezimbili noma ezimbili
• Izimo ezinzima: Zingadinga ukuhlinzwa okuningi okuhlukaniswe izinyanga eziningi

Izincazelo zesikhathi zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kwenzeka phakathi nezinyanga eziyi-6-18 ubudala
• Ukuhlinzwa kwasekuqaleni kungase kunciphisa umthelela wezingqondo
• Ilungu lesilisa kufanele libe likhulu ngokwanele ukuze udokotela asebenze ngokuphumelelayo
• Izingozi zokulala ngaphansi kokulala kucatshangelwa

Abantwana abaningi bayaphila kahle ngemuva kokuhlinzwa kwe-hypospadias. Amanani okuphumelela aphezulu kakhulu, ngaphezu kuka-90% yokuhlinzwa okuphumela ekuphumeni okuhle kokusebenza nokubonakala.

Unganakekela Kanjani Ekhaya Ngesikhathi Sokwelapha?

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ingane yakho izodinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ekhaya ukuze iphulukise kahle. Iqembu lakho lokuhlinzwa lizokuhlinzeka ngemiyalo emininingi, kodwa nazi izinkomba ezijwayelekile okufanele uzilindele.

Ukunakekelwa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ngokushesha kuhlanganisa:

• Ukugcina indawo yokuhlinzwa ihlanzekile futhi yomile
• Ukulawula ubuhlungu ngemithi ebizwe
• Ukuqapha izimpawu zokutheleleka njengokubomvu okukhulu noma ubushushu
• Ukuvimbela ingane yakho ekuthukutheleni izembatho noma ama-catheters

Ngesikhathi sokuphulukisa, uzodinga ukuthi:

• Ulandela imiyalo ethile yokugeza evela kudokotela wakho
• Ukhumbuze ukusela amanzi amaningi ukuze ugcine umchamo uthambile
• Uqaphele ukukhula okuvamile kunokuguquka okukhathazayo
• Uhambe kuyo yonke imiqhudelwano yokulandelela njengoba kuhlelwe

Abantwana abaningi bayaphulukisa ngokushesha ngemuva kwalesi sihlinzwa. Inqubo yokuphulukisa ngokuvamile ithatha izinyanga ezimbalwa, ngokuphulukisa okuphelele okulindelekile phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Kudokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuya kwakho kudokotela kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uthola lonke ulwazi olulodwa ukuze wenze izinqumo ezifanele ngokunakekelwa kwengane yakho. Woza ulungele imibuzo nolwazi olufanele.

Ngaphambi kokuya kwakho, buza:

• Umlando ophelele wezokwelapha wengane yakho
• Umlando womndeni wezimo ezifanayo
• Uhlu lwemithi yamanje noma izongezo
• Ulwazi loku-inshurensi nama-referrals

Imibuzo okufanele uyicabangele ukuyibuza ihlanganisa:

• I-hypospadias yengane yami ibuhlungu kangakanani?
• Yiluphi uhlobo lokuhlinzwa ongaluncoma?
• Nini okuhlinzwa kufanele kwenziwe?
• Ziyini izingozi nezinzuzo zokwelapha?
• Kufanele ngilindele ini ngesikhathi sokuphulukisa?

Ungangabazi ukubuza nganoma yini ekukhathazayo. Iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lifuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uzizwa ukhululekile futhi ulwazi ngohlelo lokwelapha lengane yakho.

Yini Okubalulekile Nge-Hypospadias?

I-Hypospadias yisimo sokuzalwa esingaphathwa esithinta ukuthuthuka kwelungu lesilisa. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kukhulu ekuqaleni, iningi labantwana abane-hypospadias bayaqhubeka bephila impilo evamile ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Amakhono okuhlinzwa okuthuthukile anezinga elihle lokuphila, futhi ukuhlinzwa okuningi kuphumela ekuphumeni okuvamile nokusebenza. Okubalulekile ukusebenzisana nodokotela be-urology wezingane abaqeqeshwe kulezi zinqubo.

Khumbula ukuthi lesi simo asibonisi lutho olukwenzile okungalungile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Kuyinto nje eguquguqukayo ekuthuthukeni okwenzeka ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa futhi ingalungiswa ngokuphumelelayo ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele.

Ngokwelashwa okufanele nokusekelwa, ingane yakho ingalindela ukuba nokusebenza okuvamile kokuphazamiseka nokwesondo njengoba ikhula. Ukusekelwa kothando onikela ngakho ngalesi sihamba kubaluleke kakhulu njengokwelashwa kwezokwelapha.

Imibuzo Evamile Ngo-Hypospadias

Ingane yami izokwazi yini ukuba nezingane uma ikhula?

Yebo, abantu abaningi abane-hypospadias elungisiwe ngokuphumelelayo bangaba nabantwana ngokwemvelo. Ukuhlinzwa kuqondise ukubuyisela ukubonakala nokusebenza okuvamile, kufaka phakathi ukukhulelwa. Ezimweni ezingavamile ze-hypospadias ebuhlungu kakhulu, kungase kube khona imiphumela encane ekuzalaneni, kodwa udokotela wakho we-urology angakuxoxela lokhu ngesikhathi sokuxoxisana kwakho uma kuhambisana nesimo sengane yakho.

I-Hypospadias ingavikeleka?

Ayikho indlela ezaziwayo yokuvimbela i-hypospadias ngoba kwenzeka ekuqaleni kokukhula kwesilwane ngezizathu ezingaqondakali ngokuphelele. Ukuthatha amavithamini okuzalwa avamile nokuqeda izinto ezilimazayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kusiza ekuthuthukeni okuhle ngokuphelele, kodwa i-hypospadias ayibangelwa yilutho oluvimbelekayo abazali abalwenzayo noma abangaluenzanga.

Abanye abantu bazokwazi yini ukuthi ingane yami ihlinzwe?

Amakhono okuhlinzwa okuthuthukile aqondise imiphumela ebonakala ngokwemvelo ngokuphelele. Ukuhlinzwa okuningi kuphulukisa kahle kangangokuba ilungu lesilisa libonakala livamile ngemuva kokuphulukisa. Udokotela wakho we-urology wezingane uzoxoxa ngokulindelekile kokubonakala okukhethekile esimweni sengane yakho, kodwa umgomo uhlala ukufinyelela kokusebenza okuvamile nokubonakala okuvamile.

Ingane yami izodinga ukuhlala isikhathi esingakanani esibhedlela?

Ukuhlinzwa okuningi kwe-hypospadias kwenziwa njengezinqubo zabantu abangena esibhedlela, okusho ukuthi ingane yakho ingaya ekhaya ngalolo suku. Izimo ezinzima zingadinga ukuhlala ubusuku obubodwa. Udokotela wakho uzokwazisa ukuthi yini okulindelekile ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni oluthile lokuhlinzwa ingane yakho edinga lona.

Nini ingane yami engabuya emisebenzini yayo evamile ngemuva kokuhlinzwa?

Abantwana abaningi bangabuya emisebenzini ethulile ezinsukwini ezimbalwa futhi babuyele esikoleni ngaphakathi kweviki. Noma kunjalo, bazodinga ukugwema imisebenzi enzima, ukuqubha, nokudlala okunzima izinyanga ezimbalwa ngesikhathi sokuphulukisa. Udokotela wakho uzokuhlinzeka ngesikhathi esithile sokuqondisa ngokusekelwe esimweni sengane yakho kanye nokuthuthuka kokwelashwa.