Ukuthi yini i-Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, kanye Nokwelashwa

I-Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) luyifo legazi lapho isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba sibhubhisa ama-platelet akho ngephutha. Ama-platelet yizicubu zegazi ezincane ezisiza igazi lakho ukuthi liqine uma uqothuka noma ulimaziwe.

Uma une-ITP, inani lama-platelet lakho liya phansi kunamanani ajwayelekile, okungabangela ukulunywa kalula nokuphuza igazi. Igama elithi "idiopathic" lisho ukuthi odokotela abazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi yini ebangela le nqubo yokuvikela umzimba, kodwa izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abaningi abane-ITP baphila impilo evamile, enempilo ngokunakekelwa okufanele.

Ukuthi yini i-Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura?

I-ITP kwenzeka lapho isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba sidideka futhi siqala ukuhlasela ama-platelet akho njengokungathi yizitha eziyingozi. Cabanga ngakho njengomlilo wokuxhashazela egazini lakho.

Umoya wakho wamathambo uqobo wenze ama-platelet anele, kodwa i-spleen yakho nezinye izingxenye zesimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba zibhubhisa ngokushesha kakhulu. Lokhu kukushiya nama-platelet ambalwa atholakalayo ukukusiza igazi lakho liqine kahle.

Leli simo lithinta kokubili izingane nabantu abadala, nakuba kuvame ukusebenza ngokuhlukile kula maqembu amabili. Izingane ezine-ITP zivame ukuphulukiswa zodwa phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha, kuyilapho abantu abadala bengase badinge ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura?

Izimpawu eziyinhloko ze-ITP zihlangene nekhono eliphansi lomzimba wakho lokuyeka ukuphuza igazi nokwenza ama-clot. Ungase uqaphele lezi zinguquko kancane kancane noma zivele ngokuzumayo.

Izimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo zihlanganisa:

• Ukulunywa kalula okuvela ngaphandle kokulimaza okubonakalayo
• Amachaphazi amancane abomvu noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka olukhoneni lwakho okuthiwa yi-petechiae
• Ukuphuza igazi ekhaleni okuvela kaningi noma okuhlala isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile
• Isikhathi esiningi sokuphuza igazi kwabesifazane
• Igazi emazinyweni uma ugeza amazinyo
• Igazi emanzini noma emathunjini

Abanye abantu abane-ITP ephansi bangase babe nezimpawu ezimbalwa kakhulu futhi bathole isimo sabo kuphela ngesikhathi sokwenza uvivinyo lwegazi oluvamile. Abanye bangase baqaphele ukukhathala, okungase kwenzeke lapho umzimba wakho usebenza kanzima ukulawula ukuphuza igazi.

Ukuphuza igazi okukhulu kuncane, kodwa kudinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuphuza igazi okukhulu ngaphakathi noma ukuphuza igazi okungapheli ngemva kokulimaza.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura?

Odokotela bahlukanisa i-ITP zibe izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ngokusekelwe ekuthini isimo sihlala isikhathi esingakanani. Lokhu kubasiza ukuba banqume indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu kuwe.

I-ITP ebukhali ivame ukuphela izinyanga ezingaphansi kweziyisithupha futhi ivame kakhulu ezinganeni. Ivamise ukuvela ngokuzumayo ngemva kokutheleleka kwe-viral futhi ingase iphele yodwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa.

I-ITP eqhubekayo ihlala izinyanga eziyisithupha noma ngaphezulu futhi ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala. Lo mnyombo uvame ukudinga ukulandelelwa okuqhubekayo futhi ungase udinga izindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha ukuze ugcine inani lama-platelet lizinzile.

Kukhona neqembu elithi i-ITP eqhubekayo, elikhona phakathi kwebukhali neqhubekayo, elihlala izinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyishumi nambili. Udokotela wakho uzolandelela isimo sakho eduze ukuze abone ukuthi yiliphi iqembu elifanele isimo sakho.

Yini ebangela i-Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura?

Imbangela eqondile ye-ITP ivame ukungaziwa, kungakho kubizwa ngokuthi "idiopathic." Noma kunjalo, abacwaningi baye baqaphela izinto eziningana ezingase ziqalise le nkinga yesimo sokuvikela umzimba.

Izimbangela ezingase zibe khona ezingase zifake isandla ekukhuleni kwe-ITP zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka kwe-viral njenge-influenza, i-hepatitis, noma i-Epstein-Barr virus
• Ukutheleleka kwe-bacterial kuhlanganise ne-H. pylori
• Imithi ethile noma ama-vaccine
• Isimo sokuvikela umzimba ngokweqile
• Ukukhulelwa kwabesifazane abanye
• Izinto zofuzo ezenza abanye abantu babe sengozini enkulu

Ezimweni eziningi, i-ITP ibonakala ikhula lapho isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba sidala ama-antibodies aqhubeka ehlasela ama-platelet akho ngephutha. Lezi antibodies zinamathela kuma-platelet futhi zibambeka ukuze kubhujiswe yi-spleen yakho.

Ngezinye izikhathi i-ITP ivela kanye nezinye izimo zokuvikela umzimba ngokweqile njenge-lupus noma i-rheumatoid arthritis. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ingase ihlotshaniswe nezinye izifo zekhanda noma izifo zesimo sokuvikela umzimba.

Nini okufanele ubone udokotela nge-Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uqaphela ukulunywa okungavamile noma ukuphuza igazi okukukhathazayo. Ukubheka kusenesikhathi kungasiza ekuqondeni ukuthi une-ITP noma enye isimo.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokuphuza igazi okukhulu okungapheli, ukuphuza igazi ekhaleni okukhulu, noma igazi emanzini noma emathunjini. Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukuthi inani lama-platelet lakho lingase libe liphansi kakhulu.

Shaya ucingo ukuze uthole ukunakekelwa okuphaphandayo ngokushesha uma unezimpawu zokopha igazi okukhulu ngaphakathi, njengokubuhlungu okukhulu esiswini, ukugabha okuqhubekayo, izinhlungu zekhanda ezinzima, noma ukudideka. Lezi zinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ukuvakashela odokotela njalo kubalulekile uma usuqondiwe nge-ITP. Udokotela wakho uzolandelela inani lama-platelet akho futhi alungise ukwelashwa njengoba kudingeka ukuze uhlale uphephile.

Ziyini izinto ezikhuphula ingozi ye-Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura?

Nakuba noma ubani angathuthukisa i-ITP, izinto ezithile zingase zikhulise amathuba akho okuthola leli simo. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezikhuphula ingozi kungakusiza uhlale uqaphile izimpawu ezingase zibe khona.

Ubudala buthatha indima endleleni i-ITP eyenzeka futhi ithuthuke ngayo. Izingane ezineminyaka ephakathi kuka-2 no-4 zivame ukuthola i-ITP ebukhali, kuyilapho abantu abadala bevame ukuthuthukisa uhlobo oluqhubekayo.

Abesifazane banamathuba amaningi kunamadoda okuthuthukisa i-ITP eqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi phakathi neminyaka yabo yokuzala. Ukukhulelwa ngezinye izikhathi kungase kuqalise i-ITP noma kwenze izimpawu ezikhona zibe zimbi kakhulu.

Ukuba nezinye izimo zokuvikela umzimba ngokweqile njenge-lupus, i-rheumatoid arthritis, noma i-antiphospholipid syndrome kukhuphula ingozi yakho. Isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba singase sibe nethuba elikhulu lokwenza amaphutha uma sesivele sisebenza kakhulu.

Ukutheleleka kwamuva, ikakhulukazi izifo ze-viral, kungase kuqalise i-ITP kwabanye abantu. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezinganeni ezithuthukisa i-ITP ebukhali ngemva kokutheleleka okuvamile kwabantwana.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke nge-Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura?

Abantu abaningi abane-ITP baphatha isimo sabo kahle ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinzima. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqonda izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ukuze ukwazi ukuqaphela izimpawu zezixwayiso.

Ukukhathazeka okukhulu nge-ITP yizinkinga zokopha igazi, ezingase zibe zincane kuya kwezinzima:

• Ukuphuza igazi isikhathi eside ngemva kokulimaza noma izinqubo zezokwelapha
• Ukuphuza igazi okukhulu ngesikhathi sokuphuza igazi okungase kube yimbangela ye-anemia
• Ukuphuza igazi emgqeni wokugaya ukudla okubangela igazi emathunjini
• Ngokungavamile, ukuphuza igazi okukhulu ngaphakathi ezingxenyeni zomzimba
• Ngokungavamile kakhulu, ukuphuza igazi ebuchosheni, okuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha

Ukukhulelwa kungase kube nezinkinga ezikhethekile kwabesifazane abane-ITP. Isimo singase sibe sibi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, futhi kunengozi encane yokudlulisa ama-platelet aphansi engwaneni.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-ITP, ikakhulukazi ukusetshenziswa kwe-steroid isikhathi eside, kungase kube nezinkinga zazo siqu njengokubuthakathaka kwamathanga noma ukwanda kengozi yokutheleleka. Udokotela wakho uzolulinganisela ngokucophelela izinzuzo zokwelapha nemiphumela emibi ezingase zenzeke.

I-Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonishwa kwe-ITP kuhilela ukususa ezinye izimo ezingabangela ama-platelet aphansi. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nokuhlolwa komzimba.

Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele (CBC) yivivinyo lokuqala udokotela wakho azokwenza. Lokhu kubonisa inani lama-platelet akho futhi uhlole ezinye izicubu zegazi zakho ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi zivamile.

Udokotela wakho angase ahlole isampula legazi lakho ngaphansi komkhiqizo ukuze abheke ama-platelet akho eduze. Bafuna ukubona ukuthi ama-platelet abukeka evamile yini futhi anemanani aphansi kuphela.

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kusiza ekuqedeni ezinye izimbangela zama-platelet aphansi. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuhlolwa kokutheleleka, ama-autoimmune markers, noma ukushoda kwe-vitamin okungase kuthinte ukukhiqizwa kwama-platelet.

Ezimweni ezithile, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukuhlolwa komoya wamathambo ukuze ahlole ukuthi umoya wakho wamathambo uqobo wenze ama-platelet anele yini. Lokhu kuvame ukudingeka kuphela uma ukuxilongwa kwakho kungacaci noma awuphenduli ekwelapheni njengoba kulindelekile.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura?

Ukwelashwa kwe-ITP kuncike enanini lama-platelet akho, izimpawu, nengozi yokuphuza igazi. Akuwona wonke umuntu one-ITP odinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Uma inani lama-platelet akho lingaphezu kuka-30,000 futhi unezimpawu ezimbalwa, udokotela wakho angase ancome ukulandelelwa ngokucophelela esikhundleni sokwelashwa. Le ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi "ukubuka nokulinda."

Uma ukwelashwa kudingeka, kunezinketho eziningi ezitholakalayo:

• I-Corticosteroids njenge-prednisone ukuze ucindezele umsebenzi wesimo sokuvikela umzimba
• Ukwelashwa kwe-Immunoglobulin (IVIG) ukuvimbela ukubhujiswa kwama-antibody ama-platelet
• I-Anti-D immunoglobulin yabantu abanezinye izinhlobo zegazi
• Ama-Thrombopoietin receptor agonists ukuze akhuthaze ukukhiqizwa kwama-platelet
• Imithi yokucindezela isimo sokuvikela umzimba ngezimo eziqhubekayo
• Ukususwa kwe-spleen (splenectomy) ezimweni ezinzima ezingaphenduli kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha

Udokotela wakho uzokhetha ukwelashwa ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile, ubudala, nokuthi uphendula kanjani ezindleleni zokwelapha zokuqala. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi inani lama-platelet abo liyathuthuka kakhulu ngokwelashwa.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha ziqhubeka zithuthukiswa, zinikeza odokotela izinketho eziningi zokusiza abantu abane-ITP ukugcina amanani ama-platelet aphephile ngenkathi beqeda imiphumela emibi.

Ukuthi ungaphatha kanjani i-Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura ekhaya?

Ukuphatha i-ITP ekhaya kugxile ekuvimbeleni ukulimala nokuphuza igazi ngenkathi ugcina ikhwalithi yempilo yakho. Ukulungiswa okuncane kwesitayela sempilo kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuphepheni kwakho.

Zivikele ekuqothukeni nasekulunyweni ngokugqoka izinto zokukhuselwa ngesikhathi semisebenzi futhi ugweme imidlalo yokuxhumana lapho inani lama-platelet lakho liphansi. Sebenzisa ibrashi yama-toothbrush ebushelelezi futhi ugweme ukuflosa uma amazinyo akho ephuza igazi kalula.

Qaphela imithi ethonya ukuphuza igazi. Gwema i-aspirin, i-ibuprofen, nezinye imithi yokunciphisa igazi ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho evuma ngokukhethekile.

Landelela izimpawu zakho nsuku zonke futhi ubhale noma yikuphi ukulunywa okusha noma ukuphuza igazi. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuba alungise uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha njengoba kudingeka.

Gcina impilo yakho yonke ilungile ngokulala okuhle, ukuphathwa kwengcindezi, nokudla okulinganiselayo. Nakuba lokhu kungawelaphi ngokuqondile i-ITP, kusekela isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba nokuphila kwakho konke.

Ukuthi kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uthola okuningi kakhulu ekuhambeni kwakho. Letha uhlu lwezimpawu zakho zonke, kuhlanganise nokuthi zaqala nini nokuthi ziguquke kanjani.

Bhala yonke imithi kanye nezinye izinto ozithathayo, kuhlanganise nemikhiqizo yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwesikripthi. Imithi ethile ingase ithonye umsebenzi wama-platelet noma ihlangane nezindlela zokwelapha i-ITP.

Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nesimo sakho, izinketho zokwelapha, nokuthi yini okulindelekile. Unganqikazi ukubuza nganoma yini ekukhathazayo noma okungekho kuqondakalayo.

Letha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani uma kungenzeka. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olubalulekile futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti yakho.

Gcina ulandelela izimpawu zakho phakathi kwama-aphoyintimenti usebenzisa idayari elula. Qaphela noma yikuphi ukuphuza igazi, ukulunywa okusha, noma izinguquko emazingeni akho amandla.

Yini okuyisifundo esiyinhloko mayelana ne-Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura?

I-ITP yisimo esilawuleka lapho isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba sibhubhisa ama-platelet ngephutha, okubangela ukulunywa kalula nokuphuza igazi. Nakuba imbangela eqondile ingacaci ngaso sonke isikhathi, izindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle ziyatholakala.

Abantu abaningi abane-ITP baphila impilo evamile, esebenzayo ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha nokwenza izinguquko zesitayela sempilo. Izingane zivame ukuphulukiswa ngokuphelele, kuyilapho abantu abadala bengase badinge ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo.

Ukuphumelela nge-ITP kuyilokho ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lezempilo, ukuhlala unolwazi mayelana nesimo sakho, nokwenza izinyathelo zokuvimbela izinkinga zokopha igazi. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, abantu abaningi abane-ITP bangagcina ikhwalithi enhle yempilo.

Khumbula ukuthi i-ITP ithonya wonke umuntu ngokuhlukile. Uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha kufanele lulungiswe ngezidingo zakho ezikhethekile, izimpawu, nokuphendula ekwelapheni.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana ne-Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Ungaphila yini impilo evamile nge-ITP?

Yebo, abantu abaningi abane-ITP bangaphila impilo evamile, esebenzayo ngokuphathwa okufanele kwezokwelapha. Ungase udinge ukugwema ezinye imisebenzi engozi enkulu futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuphuza igazi, kodwa abantu abaningi basebenza, bazivocavoca, futhi bajabulela imisebenzi evamile. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza uqonde ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi ephephile ngokusekelwe enanini lama-platelet akho nezimpawu.

Ingabe i-ITP ibhekwa njengesimo esinzima?

I-ITP ingase ibe yincane kuya enkulu kuye ngenani lama-platelet akho nezimpawu. Abantu abaningi bane-ITP ephansi edinga ukwelashwa okuncane, kuyilapho abanye bedinga ukuphathwa okukhulu. Ukukhathazeka okukhulu yikopha igazi okukhulu, kodwa lokhu kuncane. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha, abantu abaningi abane-ITP bagwema izinkinga ezinzima.

Ingabe i-ITP ingase iphele yodwa?

Yebo, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni. Cishe u-80% wezingane ezine-ITP ebukhali ziyaphuka ngokuphelele phakathi nezinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Abantu abadala abane-ITP eqhubekayo banamathuba amancane okuphulukiswa ngokuphelele, kodwa abanye baye bahlangabezana nezinkathi lapho inani lama-platelet abo libuyela ejwayelekile. Ngisho noma i-ITP ingapheli ngokuphelele, izindlela zokwelapha zingaphatha isimo ngokuphumelelayo.

Yikuphi ukudla okufanele ukugweme nge-ITP?

Awekho ukudla okukhethekile okufanele ukugweme nge-ITP, kodwa ezinye izinyathelo zokuphepha zingasiza. Linganisela utshwala ngoba lungase lithinte umsebenzi wama-platelet futhi lihlangane nemithi. Qaphela ukudla okungase kubangele ukuklema noma ukulimala emlonyeni wakho. Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi ukudla okuthile njenge-garlic noma i-ginger, enezinto ezinciphisa igazi, kungase kukhulise ukulunywa, nakuba lokhu kuyahlukahluka ngumuntu.

Ingabe ukukhulelwa kungase kuthinte i-ITP?

Ukukhulelwa kungase kuthinte i-ITP ngezindlela eziningi. Abesifazane abanye bathuthukisa i-ITP okokuqala ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kuyilapho abanye abane-ITP ezikhona bengase babone inani lama-platelet abo liya phansi kakhulu. Abesifazane abaningi abane-ITP bangaba nokukhulelwa okuphumelelayo ngokulandelelwa ngokucophelela nokwelashwa okufanele. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuze aphathe kokubili i-ITP yakho futhi aqinisekise ukukhulelwa okunempilo kuwe nengane yakho.