Ukuthi yini i-IgA Nephropathy? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-IgA nephropathy yisimo sezinkalakatha lapho i-immune system yakho ibeka khona ngephutha iprotheni ebizwa ngokuthi i-immunoglobulin A (IgA) ezinhlakeni zokucwecwa zezinkalakatha zakho. Lokhu kuqongelela kubangela ukuvuvukala futhi kungathinta kancane kancane ukuthi izinkalakatha zakho zisebenza kangcono kangakanani. Empeleni yilona uhlobo oluvamile lwe-glomerulonephritis emhlabeni jikelele, nakuba abantu abaningi behlala nalo bengakwazi ukuthi balinawo iminyaka eminingi.

Yini i-IgA Nephropathy?

I-IgA nephropathy kwenzeka lapho i-immune system yomzimba wakho iphuma endleleni. Ngokuvamile, ama-antibody e-IgA asisiza ukulwa nokutheleleka, kodwa kulesi simo, ahlangana ndawonye futhi abambekele ezincwecweni ezincane zezinkalakatha zakho ebizwa ngokuthi yi-glomeruli.

Cabanga ngezincwecwe zezinkalakatha zakho njengencwecwe yekhofi. Uma ama-IgA deposits eqongelela, kufana ne-coffee grounds ebanjelwe encwecweni, okwenza kube nzima ezinkalakatha zakho ukuhlanza igazi lakho kahle. Lo mqondo ngokuvamile uqhubeka kancane iminyaka eminingi.

Lesi simo sithinta abantu ngezindlela ezahlukene. Abanye abantu bangaba nalo amashumi eminyaka ngezinkinga ezincane, kanti abanye bangase babhekane nezimpawu ezibonakalayo kakhulu. Izinkalakatha zakho yizitho eziqine kakhulu, futhi ukutholakala kwasekuqaleni kungasiza ekuvikeleni umsebenzi wazo.

Ziyini Izimpawu ze-IgA Nephropathy?

Abantu abaningi abane-IgA nephropathy ababonisi zimpawu zikabani ekuqaleni, kungakho ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi "isifo sezinkalakatha esithule." Uma izimpawu zivele, ngokuvamile zibuthakathaka futhi zingase zibe lula ukuzigcina.

Izimpawu ezivamile ongaziqaphela zihlanganisa:

• Igazi emathisini akho, okwenza libukeke lipinki, libomvu, noma libe mnyama njenge-cola
• Umathisi olukhulu noma olukhulu olungapheli
• Ukuvuvukala ezandleni, ezinyaweni, noma ebusweni, ikakhulukazi ekuseni
• I-High blood pressure evela noma eba nzima ukuyilawula
• Ukukhathala okungapheli ngisho nalapho ukhona
• Ubuhlungu ezinhlangothini noma emuva, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokutheleleka

Abanye abantu baqaphela ukuthi umathisi abo ushintsha umbala ngesikhathi noma ngemuva nje kokutheleleka kwe-respiratory njengezifo zokuphefumula noma i-flu. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba ukutheleleka kungase kubangele ama-IgA deposits amaningi ezinkalakatha zakho. Nakuba lokhu kungase kuzwakale kukhathaza, empeleni yiyona izeluleko eziwusizo odokotela abayisebenzisayo ekwenzeni ukuxilongwa.

Yini ebangela i-IgA Nephropathy?

Imbangela eqondile ye-IgA nephropathy ayicaci ngokuphelele, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ihilela ukuxubana kwezinto zofuzo nokuthi i-immune system yakho iphendula kanjani ezintweni ezithile. I-genes yakho ayibangeli ngokuqondile lesi simo, kodwa ingase ikwenze ube sengozini yokuthi uthole lona.

Izinto eziningi zibonakala zidlalela indima ekuqaliseni lesi simo:

• Ukushintsha kwe-genetic okunomthelela endleleni umzimba wakho uqapha ngayo ama-IgA antibodies
• Ukutheleleka kwe-respiratory okungase kukhuthaze kakhulu i-immune system yakho
• Izinto ezithile zezindawo noma izinto eziyingozi
• Izinkinga zendlela ama-gut bacteria akho asebenzelana ngayo ne-immune system yakho
• Ukutheleleka yi-viral okubangela impendulo engajwayelekile ye-immune

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-IgA nephropathy ayithatheki, futhi awukwazi ukuyithola komunye umuntu. Ayibangelwa yilutho olukwenzile noma olungakwenzanga. Impendulo ye-immune system yakho ezintweni ezahlukene nje kuphela ehlukile kunabanye abantu.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Ngo-IgA Nephropathy?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uqaphela igazi emathisini akho noma uma umathisi wakho uba mkhulu futhi uhlala njalo. Lezi zinguquko zingase zibonakale zincane, kodwa zingaba izimpawu zokuqala zokuthi izinkalakatha zakho zidinga ukunakekelwa.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlushwa ukuvuvukala okungapheli, ikakhulukazi eduze kwamehlo, ezandleni, noma ezinyaweni. Ukuzuza kwesisindo ngokuzumayo ngenxa yokugcinwa kwamanzi, ukukhathala okuqhubekayo, noma ukufunda okusha kwe-high blood pressure nazo yizimpawu ezibalulekile zokuqapha.

Ungalindi uma uthola izimpawu ezinkulu njengokuphefumula okunzima, ubuhlungu esifubeni, noma ukuncipha okukhulu kokumisa. Nakuba lokhu kungavamile, kungase kubonise ukuthi umsebenzi wezinkalakatha zakho uyancipha futhi udinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ziyini Izinto Ezingase Zikwenze Ube Sengozini Ye-IgA Nephropathy?

Ukuqonda izinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini kungakusiza uhlale uqaphile izimpawu ezingase zibe khona futhi usebenze neqembu lakho lezempilo ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni. Ezinye izinto azikwazi ukulawulwa, kanti ezinye zihlangene nempilo yakho jikelele nendlela yokuphila.

Izinto ezingase zikhulise ingozi yakho zihlanganisa:

• Ukuba owesilisa (amadoda athintwa kakhulu kunabesifazane)
• Iminyaka phakathi kweminyaka engu-20-40, nakuba ingase ivela kunoma iyiphi iminyaka
• Ubuzwe base-Asia noma baseCaucasian
• Umlando womndeni we-IgA nephropathy noma isifo sezinkalakatha
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile kwe-respiratory noma kwe-gastrointestinal
• Izimo ezithile ze-autoimmune
• Isifo sesibindi esithinta i-immune system yakho

Ukuba nalezi zinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini akusho ukuthi uzoba ne-IgA nephropathy. Abantu abaningi abanezinto eziningi ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini abayitholi lesi simo, kanti abanye abanezinto ezimbalwa ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini bayithola. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukubala ingozi yakho siqu futhi akukhuthaze ukulandelela okufanele.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingase Zibe Khona Ze-IgA Nephropathy?

Nakuba abantu abaningi abane-IgA nephropathy bephila impilo evamile, enempilo, kubalulekile ukuqonda izingozi ezingase zibe khona ukuze ukwazi ukusebenza neqembu lakho lezempilo ukuze uzivimbele. Izingozi eziningi zithuthuka kancane iminyaka eminingi futhi ngokuvamile zingaphathwa kahle uma zitholakala kwasekuqaleni.

Izingozi eziyinhloko okufanele uzazi zihlanganisa:

• Isifo sezinkalakatha esiqhubekayo esingase siqhubeke kancane amashumi eminyaka
• I-High blood pressure eba nzima ukuyilawula
• Ukulahlekelwa yiprotheni emathisini okubangela ukuvuvukala nokukhathala
• Ukwehluleka kwezinkalakatha okudinga i-dialysis noma ukuhlinzwa (ezimweni ezinkulu)
• Ukungena engozini enkulu yezinkinga zenhliziyo nezezinzwa zegazi
• Isifo samathambo ngenxa yokungalingani kweziminerali

Ukuqhubeka kuyahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu bagcina umsebenzi wezinkalakatha ozinzile impilo yabo yonke, kanti abanye bangase babhekane nokuncipha kancane. Ukulandelela okuvamile kusiza iqembu lakho lezempilo ukuthi lithole izinguquko kwasekuqaleni futhi lilungise uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa ngokufanele.

I-IgA Nephropathy Ixilongwa Kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-IgA nephropathy kudinga ukuxubana kwezivivinyo ngoba izimpawu zingafana nezinye izimo zezinkalakatha. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngezivivinyo ezilula futhi angase aqhubeke nezinye ezinemininingwane uma kudingeka.

Inqubo yokuxilongwa ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwe-urine ukuhlola igazi neprotheni, ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola umsebenzi wezinkalakatha nokukhipha ezinye izimo, nokulinganisa kwe-blood pressure. Udokotela wakho angase futhi a-ode izifundo zokubonisa njenge-ultrasounds ukubuka usakhiwo lwezinkalakatha zakho.

Indlela kuphela yokuxilonga i-IgA nephropathy ngokuqinisekile iwukuhlolwa kwe-kidney biopsy. Le nqubo ihilela ukuthatha isampula encane yesicubu sezinkalakatha ukuyibuka ngaphansi komkhiqizo. Nakuba igama elithi "biopsy" lingase lizwakale liyesabekayo, empeleni yinqubo evamile yokuhlinzwa kwangaphandle esiza udokotela wakho ukubona ukuthi kwenzekani ezinkalakatha zakho.

Yini Ukwelashwa Kwe-IgA Nephropathy?

Ukuphathwa kwe-IgA nephropathy kugxile ekuvikeleni umsebenzi wezinkalakatha zakho nasekuphatheni izimpawu. Ayikho indlela yokwelapha ethatha ama-IgA deposits, kodwa ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo okuningi kungase kwenze ukuqhubeka kancane futhi kukusize uzizwe kangcono.

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa cishe luzohlanganisa imithi ye-blood pressure, ikakhulukazi ama-ACE inhibitors noma ama-ARBs, asisiza ekuvikeleni izinkalakatha zakho. Udokotela wakho angase futhi akukhuthaze imithi yokunciphisa iprotheni emathisini akho futhi, kwezinye izimo, imithi yokucindezela i-immune ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala.

Ukuhlala impilo kudlala indima ebalulekile ekwelapheni kwakho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukulandela ukudla okuhle kwezinkalakatha nge-protein ne-salt elawulwayo, ukuhlala usebenza ngokuqina okuvamile, nokugcina isisindo esinempilo. Iqembu lakho lezempilo lizosisebenza nawe ukudala uhlelo oluhambisana nesimo sakho esithile nendlela yokuphila.

Ukuzinakekela Ekhaya Ngo-IgA Nephropathy?

Ukuzinakekela ekhaya kubaluleke kakhulu njengokwelashwa kwakho kwezokwelapha. Izinqumo ezincane zansuku zonke zingenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni ozizwa ngayo nokuthi izinkalakatha zakho zisebenza kangcono kangakanani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Gxilisa ukudla ukudla okulinganiselayo nge-protein ephansi ne-salt encane. Hlala uthambile ngokuphuza amanzi amaningi usuku lonke, ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekuncoma okunye. Gwema imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu njenge-ibuprofen, engase icindezele izinkalakatha zakho.

Hlola i-blood pressure yakho njalo uma une-monitor ekhaya, futhi ugcine ulandelela noma yiziphi izinguquko emathisini akho noma ukuvuvukala. Ukuthola ukulala okwanele, ukuphatha ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokupumula, nokugcina ubuyekeza ngezibulala-magciwane ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kungase futhi kusekele impilo yakho jikelele yezinkalakatha.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Kudockotela?

Ukuba ulungile emihlanganweni yakho kukusiza uthole okuningi ngesikhathi sakho neqembu lakho lezempilo. Qala ngokugcina i-log elula yanoma yiziphi izimpawu oziqaphelayo, kuhlanganise nokuthi zenzeka nini nokuthi yini engase iziqalise.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke imithi, izongezo, namavithamini owaqaphelayo, kuhlanganise nezinto ongazithenga ngaphandle kwesikripthi. Bhala imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza ngaphambi kokuba ufike, futhi ungangabazi ukubuza udokotela wakho ukuba achaze noma yini ongayiqondi.

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani emihlanganweni ebalulekile. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi futhi banikeze ukwesekwa. Futhi, letha amakhadi akho yomshuwalense nanoma yiziphi iziphumo zokuvivinya ezedlule ezivela kwabanye abahlinzeki bezempilo.

Yini Eyinhloko Ngo-IgA Nephropathy?

I-IgA nephropathy yisimo esilawuleka esithinta wonke umuntu ngezindlela ezahlukene. Nakuba kuyisimo esiqhubekayo esidinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo, abantu abaningi baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngokwelashwa okufanele nokuzinakekela.

Ukutholakala kwasekuqaleni nokuphathwa okuqhubekayo yizixhobo zakho ezinhle kakhulu zokuvikela umsebenzi wezinkalakatha zakho. Ukusebenza eduze neqembu lakho lezempilo, ukuzinikela ehlelweni lakho lokwelashwa, nokwenza izinqumo zokuphila impilo enempilo kungakusiza ukugcina ikhwalithi enhle yokuphila.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-IgA nephropathy akukucaci noma akulinganiselwe yilokho ongakukwazi ukukufinyelela. Ngokuthinta okulungile, ungaqhubeka uphishekela imigomo yakho ngenkathi unakekela impilo yakho.

Imibuzo Evamile Ngo-IgA Nephropathy

Q.1 Ingabe i-IgA nephropathy ingelashwa ngokuphelele?

Okwamanje, ayikho indlela yokwelapha ethatha ngokuphelele ama-IgA deposits ezinkalakatha zakho. Noma kunjalo, ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo okuningi kungase kwenze ukuqhubeka kancane noma kuyeke futhi kusize ekuphatheni izimpawu. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele, abantu abaningi bagcina umsebenzi wezinkalakatha ozinzile amashumi eminyaka.

Q.2 Ingabe ngizodinga i-dialysis uma ngine-IgA nephropathy?

Abantu abaningi abane-IgA nephropathy abadingi i-dialysis. Lesi simo siqhubeka kancane kakhulu ezimweni eziningi, futhi ukwelashwa kwamanje kuphumelela ekugcineni umsebenzi wezinkalakatha. Cishe u-20-30% kuphela lwabantu abane-IgA nephropathy ekugcineni bathuthukisa ukwehluleka kwezinkalakatha okudinga i-dialysis noma ukuhlinzwa.

Q.3 Ingabe ngingaba nabantwana uma ngine-IgA nephropathy?

Abantu abaningi abane-IgA nephropathy bangaba nokukhulelwa okunempilo nabantwana. Noma kunjalo, ukukhulelwa kudinga ukulandelela okucophelelayo nokubambisana nodokotela wakho wezinkalakatha nodokotela wakho we-obstetrician. Ezinye imithi ingase idingeke ukulungiswa, futhi uzodinga ukuhlolwa okuvamile ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Q.4 Ingabe i-IgA nephropathy iyefa?

I-IgA nephropathy inengxenye ye-genetic, kodwa ayithathwa ngokuqondile njengezinye izimo. Ukuba nelungu lomndeni eline-IgA nephropathy kukhuphula ingozi yakho kancane, kodwa abantu abaningi abalesi simo abanamalungu omndeni athintekile. Izinto ze-genetic ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi aziqondwa ngokuphelele.

Q.5 Ingabe izinguquko zokudla zingasiza ngempela nge-IgA nephropathy?

Yebo, izinguquko zokudla zingenza umehluko omkhulu ekuphatheni i-IgA nephropathy. Ukuncipha kwe-salt kusiza ekulawuleni i-blood pressure, ukulinganisela i-protein kunganciphisa umsebenzi wezinkalakatha, nokugcina isisindo esinempilo kusekela impilo jikelele yezinkalakatha. Iqembu lakho lezempilo lingakusiza ukudala uhlelo lokudla oluzinzile olusebenza ngendlela yakho yokuphila.