Ubukhulelwe be-Jaundice Kwengane Yisibalo? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

Ubukhulelwe be-jaundice kwengane yisimo esivamile lapho isikhumba somntwana wakho nezinye zeziso ziphenduka ziyelu. Lokhu kwenzeka uma kukhona i-bilirubin eningi kakhulu egazini lomntwana wakho - into ebomvu eyenziwa lapho ama-red blood cells amadala ephulwa. Iningi le-jaundice yasezinganeni liyinto evamile futhi liyaphela ngokwalo phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa.

Cishe abantwana abayisithupha kwabayishumi bathola izinga elithile le-jaundice esontweni labo lokuqala lokuphila. Nakuba kungabonakala kukhathaza abazali abasha, iningi lamacala aliyingozi futhi liyingxenye yokulungiswa komntwana wakho ngokwemvelo ekuphileni ngaphandle kwesisu.

Iyini i-jaundice yengane?

I-jaundice yengane yenzeka lapho i-bilirubin iqala ukwakheka ngokushesha kunokuba isibindi somntwana wakho sikwazi ukuyicubungula. Cabanga nge-bilirubin njengomkhiqizo wezinto ezingcolile wemvelo oqala lapho ama-red blood cells eqeda umjikelezo wabo wokuphila futhi ephulwa. Kubantu abadala, isibindi siphatha kalula le nqubo, kodwa izibindi zezingane ezisanda kuzalwa zisafunda ukuthi zenzani umsebenzi wazo ngokuphumelelayo.

Umkhafa womntwana wakho ukhulisa i-bilirubin eningi kunomzimba womuntu omdala ngoba izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zinama-red blood cells amaningi adinga ukushintshwa njalo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isibindi sabo sisafunda ikhono lokuhlunga nokususa i-bilirubin egazini. Ukungafani okwesikhashana kudala umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka obonakala ezinganeni ezine-jaundice.

Iningi le-jaundice yengane libonakala phakathi nosuku lwesibili nelesine ngemuva kokuzalwa. Ukukhula okuhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuqala ebusweni bomntwana wakho, bese kancane kancane kuya esifubeni, esiswini, ezingalweni, nasemiileni njengoba amazinga e-bilirubin ekhuphuka.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-jaundice yengane?

Uphawu olukhulu lwe-jaundice yengane yilona khulu oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka lesikhumba nezinye zeziso zomntwana wakho. Uzovame ukubona lo mbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ebusweni bomntwana wakho, ikakhulukazi eduze nekhala nempumulo. Umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka uba ubonakala kakhulu ekukhanyeni kwemvelo kunasesibani esenziwe.

Nazi izimpawu ezibalulekile okufanele uzilinde:

• Ukuphenduka kombala oluphuzi kwesikhumba, kuqala ebusweni bese kusakazeka phansi
• Ukuphenduka kombala oluphuzi kwamehlo amhlophe
• Umbala oluphuzi ngaphakathi emlonyeni noma emagxalabeni
• Umbhilo oluphuzi olukhulu noma oluphuzi-orenji (umbhilo wengane esanda kuzalwa uvamise ukuba mnyama noma oluphuzi olukhanyayo)
• Izisu ezimhlophe noma ezimhlophe-ubumba (izisu zengane esanda kuzalwa zivame ukuba oluphuzi noma oluhlaza)

Izingane eziningi ezinawo umkhuhlane olukhanyayo ziyaqhubeka zidla kahle, zihlale ziphapheme lapho zivukile, futhi zinezimilo zokulala ezingavamile. Lezi yizimpawu ezibusisayo zokuthi umkhuhlane cishe uhlobo oluvamile, olungenangozi.

Kodwa-ke, ezinye izimpawu zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Uma ingane yakho ihlala ilala kakhulu, inenkinga yokudla, ibonakala iphumule noma iyancipha, ithola ukukhala okuzwakalayo, noma uma ukuphenduka kombala oluphuzi kusakazeka ezandleni nasezinzwini, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa ukuthi amazinga e-bilirubin ayanda kakhulu.

Imiphi imikhakha yomkhuhlane wengane?

Kunezinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene zomkhuhlane wengane, ngayinye inenkathi yayo kanye nezici zayo. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kungakusiza ukwazi ukuthi yini okulindeleke nokuthi nini kufanele ufune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Umkhuhlane we-Physiological uhlobo oluvamile kunazo zonke, oluthinta cishe u-60% wabantwana abazalwa ngesikhathi esifanele no-80% wabantwana abazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba nje isibindi sengane sidinga isikhathi sokuvuthwa nokubamba iqhaza ekukhiqizweni kwe-bilirubin yomzimba. Ngokuvamile kuvela ngosuku lwesibili noma lwesithathu lokuphila, kufinyelela phezulu ngosuku lwesihlanu, bese kancane kancane kuyahamba ekupheleni kweviki lesibili.

Umkhuhlane wokuncelisa ungase uqale evikini lokuqala lokuphila lapho izingane zingatholanga ubisi oluwanele. Lokhu kungenzeka uma ukuncelisa kungakamiswanga kahle, noma uma ukunikezwa kwakho kobisi kusakwakha. Isixazululo ngokuvamile kuhilela izikhathi eziningi zokuncelisa nokuqinisekisa ukuthi indlela yokuncelisa ilungile.

I-jaundice yobisi lwasemazinini ihlukile ku-jaundice yokuncelisa futhi ivela ngemuva kweviki lokuqala lokuphila. Izinto ezithile ezincelisweni zabanina abanye zinganciphisa ukusebenza kwesibindi ekususeni i-bilirubin. Lolu hlobo alunabi ubungozi futhi lungathatha amasonto amaningana noma ngisho nezinyanga, kodwa aludingi ukuyeka ukuncelisa.

Izinhlobo ezingavamile zihlanganisa i-jaundice ebangelwa ukungafani kweqembu legazi phakathi kunina nomntwana, ukutheleleka, noma izimo zezokwelapha. Lezi zinhlobo zivame ukuvela ngokushesha noma zihlale isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile kwe-jaundice yemvelo futhi zidinga ukulandelelwa okuqinile kwezokwelapha.

Yini ebangela i-jaundice yengane?

I-jaundice yengane ithuthukiswa lapho umzimba womntwana wakho ukhulisa i-bilirubin ngokushesha kunokuba isibindi singayisusa. Lokhu kungalingani kwenzeka ngezizathu eziningi zemvelo ezihlobene nokushintsha kokuphila esizalweni kuya empilweni ngaphandle.

Phakathi nokukhulelwa, i-placenta yakho yasusa i-bilirubin egazini lomntwana wakho. Ngemva kokuzalwa, isibindi somntwana wakho kufanele siqale leli khona ngokuphelele. Njengoba izibindi zezingane ezisanda kuzalwa zisathuthukisa amandla azo aphelele, azikwazi njalo ukulandelela ukukhiqizwa kwe-bilirubin kulezo zinsuku neviki zokuqala.

Nawa amanye amaphuzu amakulu ahlanganyela e-jaundice yengane:

• Ukusebenza okungaphelele kwesibindi okuthuthuka emasontweni ambalwa okuqala okuphila
• Inani elikhulu lamaseli ebomvu egazini ezinganeni ezisanda kuzalwa, okuholela ekukhiqizweni okuningi kwe-bilirubin
• Ukuhlala isikhathi esifushane samaseli ebomvu egazini ezingane ezisengzwini uma kuqhathaniswa namaseli ebomvu egazini abantu abadala
• Ukunciphisa ukuncelisa ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala, okuthambisa ukususwa kwe-bilirubin ngokunyakaza kwesisu
• Ukubuyiselwa kabusha kwe-bilirubin emathunjini emuva egazini

Ezinye izingane zibhekene nezinselele ezengeziwe ezingenza i-jaundice ibe yimbi. Izingane ezizalwa zingakapheli isikhathi zine-liver function engaphelele futhi zingadinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe. Izingane ezazihlangabezana nokuzalwa okunzima zingaba nokuwohloka okukhulu kwamaseli ebomvu egazini ngenxa yokukhubazeka noma ukuphuza igazi.

Ukungafani kweqembu legazi phakathi kukanina nomntwana kungabangela futhi isifo sikajaundice esinzima. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ama-antibody akakanina ehlasela ama-red blood cells omntwana, okubangela ukuba aphule ngokushesha kunokujwayelekile. Nakuba kungavamile namuhla ngenxa yokwelashwa okuvimbelayo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, lezi zimo zidinga ukulandelelwa okuqinile kwezokwelapha.

Nini kufanele ubona udokotela ngesifo sikajaundice somntwana?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma isifo sikajaundice sibonakala emahora angu-24 okuqala ngemva kokuzalwa, njengoba le nkathi yokuqala ingabonisa isimo esinzima esingaphansi. Ukuqala okujwayelekile kwe-jaundice akuqali kuze kube ngosuku lwesibili noma lwesithathu, ngakho-ke ukubonakala ngaphambi kwesikhathi kudinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Shaya udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu zexwayiso ezilandelayo:

• Isifo sikajaundice esibonakala phakathi namahora angu-24 okuqala kokuphila
• Umbala olukhulu oluphuzi noma olu-orange olukhulu lwesi khumba
• Ukuphuza okwandayo ezandleni nasezinzwini zomntwana wakho
• Umnwana wakho uba oluthile kakhulu noma kunzima ukumvusa
• Ukudla okubi noma ukwenqaba ukudla
• Ukukhathazeka okungavamile noma ukukhala okuphezulu
• Ukuthuthumela okuphezulu kuka-100.4°F (38°C)
• Izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi njengomlomo owomile noma ama-diapers amancane amancane amancane

Ngisho noma umntwana wakho ebonakala elungile, ukuqokwa okuqhubekayo okujwayelekile kubalulekile ekuqondeni amazinga e-jaundice. Udokotela wakho wezingane cishe uzofuna ukubona umntwana wakho phakathi kwezinsuku ezingu-3-5 ngemva kokukhishwa esibhedlela ukuhlola ukuthi i-jaundice iqhubeka kanjani.

Themba imizwelo yakho yokukhulelisa. Uma kukhona okuthile okubonakala kungalungile ngokubonakala komntwana wakho noma ukuziphatha kwakhe, ngisho noma ungakwazi ukukhomba ukuthi yini, ungangabazi ukuxhumana neqembu lakho lezempilo. Bakhona ukukusekela futhi bangathanda ukukuhlola umntwana wakho ngaphandle kokudingeka kunokushiya into ebalulekile.

Yiziphi izimbangela zengozi zesifo sikajaundice somntwana?

Izimbangi eziningi zingandisa amathuba omntwana wakho okuthola isifo sofuba noma ukuba nesifo sofuba esinzima esidinga ukwelashwa. Ukuqonda lezi zimbangi kuzokusiza wena neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuba niqaphele izimpawu zokuqala futhi nithathe izinyathelo zokuvikela uma kungenzeka.

Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kuyinye yezimbangi eziqine kakhulu ngoba izingane ezazalwa ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-37 azinalo ukusebenza kahle kwesibindi. Izibindi zazo zidinga isikhathi esengeziwe sokuthuthukisa ikhono lokucubungula i-bilirubin ngokuphumelelayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izingane ezazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi zivame ukuba nezinkinga zokudla, okuyinto engaphansi ukususwa kwe-bilirubin ngokunyakaza kwesisu.

Nawa amaphuzu abalulekile angandisa amathuba omntwana wakho okuthola isifo sofuba esinzima:

• Ukuzalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi (ngaphambi kwamasonto angu-37 okukhulelwa)
• Ukuqhaqhazela okukhulu noma ukuphuza igazi ngesikhathi sokubeletha
• Ukungahambani kweqembu legazi phakathi kunina nomntwana (ukungahambani kwe-ABO noma i-Rh)
• Umlando womndeni wesifo sofuba esinzima kubazalwane
• Ubuzwe baseMpumalanga Asia noma baseMeditheraeni
• Ukubhema kuphela kanye nezinkinga zokudla
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo esikhulu ngemva kokuzalwa (ngaphezulu kuka-10% wesisindo sokuzalwa)
• Ukuba owesilisa (amadodana athola isifo sofuba kancane kakhulu kunamantombazane)

Izici ezithile zika mama ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa zingathinta futhi ingozi yesifo sofuba. Lokhu kuhlanganisa isifo sikashukela sikamama, imithi ethile ethathwe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, nokutheleleka okungathinta umntwana. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizocabangela lezi zici lapho lihlela ukunakekelwa komntwana wakho ngemva kokuzalwa.

Ukuba nezimbangi akusho ukuthi umntwana wakho uzokuthola ngokuqinisekile isifo sofuba esinzima, kodwa kusho ukuthi iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizoqapha eduze. Ukubona kusenesikhathi nokuphathwa kungavimbela izinkinga futhi kukunikeze ukuthula kwengqondo phakathi nalezo zinsuku zokuqala ezibalulekile nomntwana wakho omusha.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngenxa yesifo sofuba sezingane?

Nakuba i-jaundice eningi kubantwana abasebancane ingalimi futhi iphele yodwa, amazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-bilirubin ngezinye izikhathi angabangela izinkinga ezingathi sína. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokubeka iliso okufanele nokwelashwa, lezi zinkinga zimbalwa kakhulu emazweni athuthukile anezinsizakalo ezinhle zokunakekelwa kwabakhulelwe.

Inkinga enkulu kakhulu engase ibe khona yi-kernicterus, uhlobo oluyimfihlo kodwa olukhulu lokuphazamiseka kwengqondo okungase kwenzeke uma amazinga e-bilirubin ephakama kakhulu. Lokhu kwenzeka uma i-bilirubin idlula emathinini engqondo bese yonakalisa amangqamuzana ezinzwa. I-Kernicterus ingavikeleka ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha nokugcina iliso.

Nazi izinkinga ezingase zenzeke abagcini bezobuchwepheshe abasebenza ukuze bazivimbe:

• I-Acute bilirubin encephalopathy - izimpawu zokuqala zokukhathazeka kwengqondo okuvela e-bilirubin ephezulu
• I-Kernicterus - ukonakala okungapheli kwengqondo okuthinta ukunyakaza, ukuzwa, nokuthuthuka
• Ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa kusuka ekukhulu okuncane kuya ekufuneni okuphelele
• I-Cerebral palsy ethinta ukulawula kwemisipha nokunyakaza
• Ukuhluleka kwengqondo noma ukulibaziseka ekuthuthukeni
• Izinkinga zokunyakaza kwamehlo noku bona
• Izinkinga zamahlombe ezithinta ukuthuthuka kwe-enamel yamazinyo

Izimpawu zokuqala zokuxwayisa ukuthi amazinga e-bilirubin angase afinyelele amazinga ayingozi zihlanganisa ukulala okukhulu, ukudla okungathandeki, amandla emisipha abuthakathaka, namasiko okukhala angavamile. Lezi zimpawu zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha futhi ngokuvamile zikhuthaza ukwelashwa nge-phototherapy noma ezinye izindlela zokwelapha.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi lezi zinkinga ezingathi sína zenzeka kuphela nge-jaundice enzima kakhulu, engaphathwe. Ukunakekelwa kwabantwana njalo, kufaka phakathi ukuvakasha okulandelayo oluhleliwe ngemuva kokuzalwa, kuklanyelwe ngokukhethekile ukubamba nokwelapha i-jaundice ngaphambi kokuba ifinyelele amazinga ayingozi. Iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo linezinsiza ezisebenzayo zokubeka iliso nokuphatha i-jaundice ngokuphephile.

Kungenzeka kanjani ukuvimbela i-jaundice yebantwana abasebancane?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimba ngokuphelele isifo sofuba esingokwemvelo ngoba kuyinqubo yemvelo kubantwana abaningi ekujwayeleni ukuphila ngaphandle kwesisu, ungathatha izinyathelo eziningi zokunciphisa ingozi yokuba nomkhuhlane onzima nokusiza umntanakho ukuba adlule kahle.

Ukondla kahle kuyinye yezindlela ezibaluleke kakhulu zokuvikela. Ukondla njalo kusiza umntanakho ukuba asuse i-bilirubin ngokukhishwa kwesisu futhi kuvimba ukuphelelwa amanzi, okungenza umkhuhlane ube mubi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uncelisa noma unika ibhodlela, zama ukuondla izikhathi eziyi-8-12 kuzo zonke izikhathi ezingama-24 ngesonto lokuqala lokuphila.

Nawa amasu ayisihluthulelo angasiza ekuvimbeni umkhuhlane onzima:

• Ondla umntanakho njalo (njalo ngemizuzu engu-2-3) ukuze uthuthukise ukukhishwa kwesisu okuvamile
• Qinisekisa ukuthi unembobo efanele yokuncelisa kanye nokudluliselwa kahle kobisi
• Qapha isisindo somntanakho ukuqinisekisa ukondla okwanele
• Gcina zonke izikhathi zokubonisana nodokotela wezingane ukuze uqaphe umkhuhlane
• Qaphela izimpawu zokuqala zomkhuhlane bese ubika ngokushesha
• Gcina ukunakekelwa okuhle kokukhulelwa ukuze uqaphe ukungafani kweqembu legazi

Uma uncelisa, ukusebenza nodokotela we-lactation ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala kungasiza ekuqaliseni izindlela zokondla eziphumelelayo. Indlela efanele yokuncelisa iqinisekisa ukuthi umntanakho uthola ukondla okwanele futhi ikusiza ukuvuselela ukukhishwa kwesisu okuvamile okususa i-bilirubin emzimbeni.

Kubamama abanamazinga egazi angafani, ukuthola ukunakekelwa okuhle kokukhulelwa kanye nezinye izindlela zokwelapha njenge-RhoGAM injections kungavimbela ezinye izinhlobo zomkhuhlane onzima. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizoqaphela lezi zinto ezingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa bese lithatha izinyathelo zokuvikela uma kudingeka.

Utholakala kanjani umkhuhlane wasemfantswaneni?

Abahlinzeki bezempilo baqaphela umkhuhlane wasemfantswaneni ngokuhlola ngamehlo kanye nezivivinyo ezithile zokuqapha amazinga e-bilirubin egazini lomntanakho. Inqubo yokuxilonga ilula futhi ikusiza ukuthola ukuthi ukwelashwa kuyadingeka yini.

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokuhlola ngokomzimba, abheke umbala wesikhumba somntwana wakho ekukhanyeni okuhle. Bazocindezela kancane isikhumba somntwana wakho ukuze babone ukuthi umbala olukhulu uvela ngokushesha kangakanani lapho kukhishwa ukucindezela. Lokhu kusiza ekuqondeni ubukhulu be-jaundice, nakuba amazinga e-bilirubin aqinisekileyo adinga ukuhlolwa kwegazi.

Amathuluzi akhiqiza ukuxilonga ahlanganisa:

• Ukuhlola ngamehlo kombala wesikhumba namehlo
• I-transcutaneous bilirubinometer (isixhobo esisekelwe ekukhanyeni esibekwe esikhumbeni)
• Iviki le-bilirubin legazi ukuze kulinganiswe ngokuqondile
• Ukubalwa kwamagazi okuphelele ukuze kuhlolwe izimo ezingaphansi
• Ukuhlolwa kweqembu legazi kokubili umama nomntwana
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-antibody direct (iviki le-Coombs) uma kukhona ukungafani kwegazi okucatshangelwayo

I-transcutaneous bilirubinometer iyithuluzi lokucinga elingenabuhlungu elisetshenziswa ukukhanya ukuqikelela amazinga e-bilirubin ngesikhumba. Uma lokhu kuphenya kuphakamisa amazinga aphezulu, udokotela wakho uzoyala ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuze uthole ukulinganisa okuqondile. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kuhilela ukuthatha isampula encane esithendeni somntwana wakho noma engalweni.

Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizobuye licabangele ubudala bomntwana wakho, izici eziyingozi, nokuqina kwempilo uma liqonda amazinga e-bilirubin. Lokho okubhekwa njengokujwayelekile kuyahluka kuye ngokuthi umntwana wakho uneminyaka emingaki noma izinsuku, noma wazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, nezinye izici zomuntu.

Ngokusekelwe kulezi zimpumela, udokotela wakho anganquma ukuthi i-jaundice ingaphakathi kwemingcele evamile, idinga ukulandelelwa, noma idinga ukwelashwa. Le ndlela ehlelekile iqinisekisa ukuthi izingane ezidinga ukungenelela zithola ngokushesha ngenkathi zigwema ukwelashwa okungadingeki kulabo abane-jaundice engenangozi.

Iyini ukwelashwa kwe-jaundice yengane?

Ukwelapha isifo sofuba sesitho sokuzalwa kuncike amazinga e-bilirubin yengane yakho, iminyaka, kanye nesimo sempilo jikelele. Izimo eziningi zokukhanya kokukhanya azidingi ukwelashwa ngaphandle kokulandelela ngokucophelela, kuyilapho ukukhanya okukhulu kungadinga ukungenelela kwezokwelapha ukuvimbela izinkinga.

I-Phototherapy yindlela evamile futhi ephumelelayo yokwelapha ukukhanya okuphakathi nendawo. Lokhu kuhilela ukubekela ingane yakho ngaphansi kwezinkanyiso ezikhethekile eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezisiza ekuqothuleni i-bilirubin esikhineni ukuze isuswe kalula. Ukwelashwa kokukhanya akubuhlungu futhi kuvame ukwenziwa ngenkathi uqhubeka ubamba futhi uncelisa ingane yakho.

Nawa amanye amakhetho okwelapha iqembu lakho lezeMpilo lingase liwuncoma:

• Ukuqina kokudla ukuze kukhuthazwe ukususwa kwe-bilirubin ngokunyakaza kwesisu
• I-phototherapy ejwayelekile esebenzisa izibani eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ehostela
• I-phototherapy ye-fiber-optic ene-blanket ekhethekile yokusetshenziswa ekhaya ezimweni ezithile
• I-immunoglobulin ye-Intravenous (IVIG) yokukhanya okubangelwa ukungafani kwegazi
• Ukushintshwa kwegazi ezimweni ezinkulu (ukushintsha igazi lengane ngegazi lomniki)
• Ukwelapha izimo eziyisisekelo njengezifo uma zikhona

Phakathi ne-phototherapy, ingane yakho izogqoka i-diaper kuphela kanye nokuvikelwa kwamehlo okukhethekile ngenkathi ilele ngaphansi kwezinkanyiso. Ungathatha ama-breaks wokudla nokuthambisa, futhi izibhedlela eziningi manje zinezinsimbi ezivumela i-phototherapy ukuqhubeka ngesikhathi salezi zikhathi zokubopha. Izingane eziningi zidinga i-phototherapy izinsuku ezingu-1-2 ngaphambi kokuba amazinga e-bilirubin ehle kakhulu.

Ngokuqina kokukhanya okungaphenduli kwi-phototherapy, ukushintshwa kwegazi kungase kudingeke. Le nqubo ihilela ukususa kancane izingxenye ezincane zegazi lengane yakho nokuyibuyisela ngegazi lomniki ukuze wehlise ngokushesha amazinga e-bilirubin. Nakuba lokhu kuzwakala kubi, kuyinqubo eziqiniswe kahle, ephephile uma yenziwa amaqembu ezempilo anamava.

Iqembu lakho lezempilo lizokulandela amazinga e-bilirubin yengane yakho njalo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa ukuze kulandelelwe intuthuko futhi kunqunywe ukuthi ukwelashwa kungaphela nini. Izingane eziningi ziphendula kahle ekwelapheni futhi zingabuya ekhaya uma amazinga e-bilirubin azoqina ezingeni eliphephile.

Indlela yokunakekela ekhaya ngesikhathi sokuhlakaza komntwana?

Ukukhathalela ekhaya kokuhlakaza komntwana kugxile ekusekeleni inqubo yokuphulukisa yengane yakho ngokondleka okulungile, ukulandelela, nokudala indawo ephephile. Izingane eziningi ezine-jaundice emaphakathi zingakhathalelwa ekhaya ngokulandelela njalo kwezokwelapha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amazinga e-bilirubin aphansi kahle.

Ukondleka njalo yiyona ndawo ebaluleke kakhulu ekunakekeleni ekhaya izingane ezine-jaundice. Ukondla njalo ngemizuzu engu-2-3 kusiza ekuthuthukiseni ukukhishwa kwesisu, okuyindlela umzimba wengane yakho uqeda ngayo i-bilirubin. Ungakhathazeki uma ingane yakho ibonakala ilale kakhulu kunokujwayelekile ngenxa ye-jaundice - kungase kudingeke ukuthi uyivuse njalo ngezikhathi zokondla.

Nawa amasu abalulekile okunakekela ekhaya:

• Yondla ingane yakho izikhathi ezingu-8-12 ngosuku, uyivuse uma kudingeka
• Landelela ukukhishwa kwendimbane - zama ukufinyelela okungenani izindimbane ezimanzi eziyisi-6 kanye nezisu eziyi-3-4 nsuku zonke
• Gcina umbhalo wezikhathi zokondla kanye namazinga uma unika ibhodlela
• Qaphela umbala wesikhumba sengane yakho ekukhanyeni kwelanga kwemvelo nsuku zonke
• Qaphela izinguquko ekuqapheleni, izindlela zokukhala, noma izenzo zokondla
• Gcina yonke imiqhudelwano yokulandelela ebhaliwe nodokotela wakho
• Gcina irekhodi elula lokondla nokushintsha kwezindimbane ukuze wabelane ngalo nodokotela wakho

Uma uncelisa, ungangezeli ngamanzi noma amanzi e-glucose ngaphandle kokuthi uyalelwe ngumhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Lezi zengezo zingaphazamisa impumelelo yokuncelisa futhi azisizi ekuqedeni i-bilirubin. Esikhundleni salokho, gxila ezilungwini zokuncelisa njalo futhi uqinisekise ukuthi ingane yakho inamathela kahle futhi idlulisela ubisi kahle.

Abazali abanye bayakhathazeka ngokubeka ingane yabo enesifo se-jaundice elangeni, kodwa lokhu akusikhuthazwa njengokwelapha. Nakuba ukukhanya kwelanga kunokukhanya okungawaphula ama-bilirubin, akuphephile noma akusebenzi ekwelapheni i-jaundice futhi kungabangela ukushisa kwelanga noma ukushisa kakhulu ezintsheni.

Themba izinzwa zakho futhi ungangabazi ukuthintana nodokotela wakho uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko esimweni sengane yakho. Ukuba nengane enesifo se-jaundice ekhaya kungabonakala kuyindida, kodwa ngokusekelwa okufanele nokulandelela, izingane eziningi ziyaphila ngokuphelele phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukulinganiswa okuchane kakhulu kwe-jaundice yengane yakho nokuqondisa okucacile ngokunakekelwa. Ukuletha ulwazi olufanele nokubuza imibuzo emihle kuzosiza iqembu lakho lokunakekela impilo ukunikeza ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu kengane yakho.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, chithe isikhathi esithile ubuka umbala wesikhumba sengane yakho ekukhanyeni kwelanga kwemvelo, njengoba ukukhanya okwenziwe ngabantu kungenza kube nzima ukulinganisa i-jaundice ngokuqondile. Qaphela noma yiziphi izinguquko ozibonile kusukela i-jaundice ibonakala okokuqala, kufaka phakathi ukuthi kubonakala sengathi kuyaphila, kuyaba kubi, noma kuhlala kunjalo.

Nanku okumele ukulungiselele nokukuletha kwi-aphoyintimenti yakho:

• Ilogi yokondla ebonisa izikhathi, amazinga, nokuphendula kwengane yakho ekondleni
• Amarekhodi okushintsha i-diapers kufaka phakathi ubukhulu nombala wesisu kanye nezimfuyo
• Amanothi mayelana nezimo zokulala zengane yakho namabanga okuqapha
• Noma yikuphi ukukhathazeka mayelana nezinguquko ekukhali, ekondleni, noma ekuziphatheni
• Imibuzo mayelana neqhinga lokuncelisa uma unokunzima
• Ulwazi lokukhishwa esibhedlela sengane yakho nanoma yiziphi iziphumo zezivivinyo zangaphambili
• Uhlu lanoma yimiphi imithi noma izithasiselo ozithathayo uma uncelisa

Bhala imibuzo yakho kusengaphambili ukuze ungayikhohlwa ukuyibuza ngesikhathi sokuqokwa. Imibuzo evamile ihlanganisa: Ukukhulu kangakanani ukukhishwa komntwana wami? Ingabe sidinga ukwelashwa? Kufanele ngibize nini uma ngikhathazekile? Kufanele ngondle umntwana wami kangakanani? Ufuna ukubona nini futhi?

Ngesikhathi sokuqokwa, udokotela wakho cishe uzohlola umntwana wakho ngaphansi kokukhanya okuhle futhi angase ayalele ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amazinga e-bilirubin. Ungamangali uma lokhu kuhilela ukukhipha igazi elincane esithendeni—lokhu kuyindlela evamile yokulandelela ukukhishwa futhi kunikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nokuthi ukwelashwa kuyadingeka yini.

Cela imiyalo ecacile mayelana nokuthi yini okufanele uyilandele ekhaya nokuthi nini kufanele ubhale ehhovisi. Ukuqonda izimpawu zexwayiso nokuba necebo elikhanyayo lokunakekelwa okulandelayo kuzonika ukuzethemba ekunakekeleni umntwana wakho phakathi kokubonisana.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana nokukhishwa kwengane?

Ukukhishwa kwengane kuyisimo esivamile kakhulu esithinta izingane eziningi ezisanda kuzalwa ngezinga elithile, futhi iningi lezimangalo liyaphela ngokwalo ngaphandle kwemiphumela ehlala njalo. Nakuba umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ungakhathaza abazali abasha, ukuqonda ukuthi lokhu ngokuvamile kuyindlela evamile yokulungiswa komntwana wakho ekuphileni ngaphandle kwesisu kungase kunikeze ukuthula kwengqondo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kwamanje kunamathuluzi aphelele okuqapha nokuphatha ukukhishwa uma kudingeka. Izinkinga ezinzima zingezona ezivamile ngoba abahlinzeki bezempilo bayazi ukuthi bangabenza kanjani abantwana abadinga ukwelashwa futhi banezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenzayo ezitholakalayo. Izikhathi zokubonisana zokuqapha zedokotela wakho wezingane zenzelwe ngokukhethekile ukubamba noma yikuphi ukukhishwa okudingayo ukunakekelwa.

Gxilisa ingqondo kulokho ongakwazi ukulawula: ukuncelisa ingane yakho njalo, ukuya kuyo yonke imininingwane yezokwelapha ebhaliwe, nokubuka izinguquko esimweni sengane yakho. Ukuncelisa njalo kubaluleke kakhulu ngoba kusiza ingane yakho ukuba ikhiphe i-bilirubin ngokwemvelo futhi kusekela impilo yayo yonke ngesikhathi saleli xesha lokuguqula.

Themba iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi ungangabazi ukuxhumana nabo ngemibuzo noma ukukhathazeka. Baqonda ukuthi ukuba nengane enesifo se-jaundice kungaba nzima kubazali futhi bakhona ukusekela wena nengane yakho. Izingane eziningi ezine-jaundice ziqhubeka zibe ngabantwana abaphilile ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemiphumela ende yesifo se-jaundice yazo ekuqaleni.

Khumbula ukuthi leli qophelo lixesha elifushane. Ngisho nezingane ezidinga ukwelashwa ngokuvamile ziphulukana ngokushesha nangokuphelele. Ngokunakekelwa okufanele nokubhekwa, ungazethemba ukuthi ingane yakho izokwazi ukudlula kuleli phuzu eliqhelekile lokuzalwa kwengane futhi ikhule emakhulwini nezinyanga ezizayo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-jaundice yengane

Ngingaqhubeka yini nokuncelisa uma ingane yami inesifo se-jaundice?

Yebo, kufanele uqhubeke nokuncelisa uma ingane yakho inesifo se-jaundice. Ubisi lwebele linikezela ukudla okubalulekile futhi lisiza ingane yakho ukuba ikhiphe i-bilirubin ngokusebenzisa izisu. Eqinisweni, ukuncelisa njalo kuvame ukusisiza ukuxazulula i-jaundice ngokushesha ngokukhuthaza izisu eziqondile nokuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi.

Ngisho noma ingane yakho inesifo se-jaundice “lebisi labele,” elingabangelwa izinto ezisebisini labele, awudingi ukuyeka ukuncelisa. Lo mkhuba we-jaundice awuna-mali futhi uzoxazulula wedwa ngenkathi unikeza ingane yakho izinzuzo zonke zobisi lwebele. Udokotela wakho wezingane uzokusiza unqume uhlelo lokudla oluhle kakhulu sesimo sakho esithile.

Isikhathi esingakanani i-jaundice yengane ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Amacala amaningi e-jaundice evamile yemvelo abonakala cishe ngosuku lwe-2-3 lokuphila, afinyelele izinga eliphezulu ngosuku lwe-5, bese ayehla kancane ngamaviki angu-2-3 ubudala. Izingane ezinyuswa ngobisi lwengculazi zingaba ne-jaundice ehlanzekile engapheli isikhathi eside, ngezinye izikhathi kuze kube yiviki eziyi-6-8, kodwa lokhu ngokuvamile akuyona into ebangel’ ukukhathazeka uma ingane idla kahle futhi ikhula ngokujwayelekile.

Izingane ezingakabi zivuthiwe zingaba ne-jaundice ehlala isikhathi eside kunezingane eziphelele ngoba isibindi sazo sidinga isikhathi eside ukuze sivuthwe. Umhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo uzolandelela isikhathi nobunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuthi konke kuqhubeka ngokujwayelekile futhi unqume ukuthi kukhona yini ukwelashwa okudingekayo.

Kuphephile yini ukuthatha ingane yami enesifo se-jaundice ngaphandle?

Yebo, ngokuvamile kuphephile ukuthatha ingane yakho enesifo se-jaundice ngaphandle isikhathi esifushane, kodwa kufanele uyikhulise ekukhanyeni kwelanga ngqo njengoba ungenza nanoma yisiphi isisu. Nakuba ukukhanya kwelanga kunokukhanya okungaphula i-bilirubin, akuyona indlela yokwelapha i-jaundice ephumelelayo noma ephephile futhi kungabangela ukushisa kwelanga noma ukushisa ngokweqile ezinsaneni ezisanda kuzalwa.

Uma udinga ukuya ngaphandle, gcina ingane yakho emthunzini, uyigqoke ngokufanele ngesimo sezulu, bese ubeka isikhathi sokuvezwa. Into ebaluleke kunazo zonke ukulondoloza ukuncelisa njalo nokulandelwa izimiso zonyango wakho ngokulandelela nokwelashwa kunokuthembela ekukhanyeni kwelanga.

Ingabe i-jaundice izonciphisa ukuthuthuka kwengane yami noma ukuqonda?

I-jaundice yengane evamile ehlale ilondolozwa futhi iwelashwe uma kudingeka ayinciphi ukuthuthuka kwengane yakho, ukuqonda, noma impilo yayo yesikhathi eside. Iningi lezingane ezihlupheka yi-jaundice ziyaqhubeka zithuthuka ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemiphumela ehlala njalo evela ekuhlangenwe nakho kwazo kokuqala kwe-jaundice.

Ubuhlungu obukhulu, obungaphathwe, obufinyelela amazinga aphezulu kakhulu e-bilirubin kuphela obungabangela izinkinga zokukhula. Yingakho ukulandelela njalo kwengane kubaluleke kangaka - kuqinisekisa ukuthi noma yiluphi ubuhlungu oludinga ukwelashwa lutholakala futhi luphathwe ngaphambi kokuba lube yizinkinga. Ngokunakekelwa komtholampilo okufanele, ungaqiniseka ukuthi ukukhula kwengane yakho kuzoqhubeka ngokujwayelekile.

Kufanele ngivuse ingane yami elele enobuningi bokukhanya?

Yebo, kufanele uvuse ingane yakho enobuningi bokukhanya uma ilele isikhathi esingaphezu kwamahora angu-3-4, ikakhulukazi emini. Ubuhlungu bokukhanya bungenza izingane zilale kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, kodwa ukuncelisa njalo kubalulekile ekusizeni ukususa i-bilirubin nokuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi, okungenza ubuhlungu bokukhanya bube sibi kakhulu.

Hlose ukuncelisa izikhathi ezingama-8-12 kuyo yonke imihla engama-24 ngesonto lokuqala lokuphila. Vusa ingane yakho ngobumnene ngokuyikhulula, ukukhuluma ngobumnene, noma ukushaya ubuso bayo kancane. Uma ingane yakho ibonakala inenkinga yokuvuswa noma ibonisa isithakazelo esincane ekunceliseni, xhumana nodokotela wakho njengoba lokhu kungabonisa ukuthi amazinga e-bilirubin aphakama kakhulu.