Ukuqala Kwe-Kansa Yomhlathi Eqaqambayo? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo uhlobo lwe-kansa yomhlathi oluyimfihlo kodwa olukhulu, oluenza umhlathi ubonakale ubomvu futhi uqina. Ngokungafani ne-kansa yomhlathi evamile eyenza isibopho, lolu hlobo luyahlukaniswa ngezitsha ze-lymph ezikhishini lomhlathi wakho, kudale ukungapheli okutholakala njengokuqubuka.

Lesi simo sibalwa cishe ku-1-5% yazo zonke i-kansa yomhlathi, kodwa kubalulekile ukuqonda ngoba luya phambili ngokushesha futhi ludinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokwelashwa okusheshayo, abantu abaningi bangalulama lesi simo ngokuphumelelayo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo?

Izimpawu ze-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo zihluke kakhulu kunalokho abantu abaningi abakulindele nge-kansa yomhlathi. Esikhundleni sesibopho esicacile, uzoqaphela izinguquko ezithinta umhlathi wonke futhi zenzeke ngokushesha, ngokuvamile emavikini ambalwa.

Nazi izimpawu eziyinhloko okumele uzibheke:

• Isikhumba somhlathi esibonakala sibomvu, siphinki, noma silithunzi, sihlanganisa okungenani ingxenye yesithathu yomhlathi
• Ukuqina okwenza umhlathi owodwa ukhulu kakhulu kunomunye
• Isikhumba esifudumele uma siqondwa
• Isikhumba somhlathi esiqinile, esiqinile esibonakala sengathi iyisikhumba se-orenji
• Ubuhlungu bomhlathi, ubuhlungu, noma ukudabuka
• I-nipple eguqula ngaphakathi noma ibe yiyona ebanzi
• Ama-lymph nodes aqinile ngaphansi kwenduku yakho, ngaphezulu komqhele wakho, noma ngaphansi komqhele wakho
• Umhlathi ozizwa ukhulu noma uqinile

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuvela ngokushesha, ngokuvamile emavikini ambalwa nje. Lokhu kuqhubeka okusheshayo kuyisodwa sezici eziyinhloko phakathi kwe-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo nezinye izinhlobo ze-kansa yomhlathi, ezivame ukukhula kancane.

Kwezinye izimo, ungase ube nezimpawu ezingavamile njengokuphuma komhlathi okungavamile, izinguquko esimweni somhlathi, noma isikhumba esiqinile uma sicindezelwa. Okukhathazayo kakhulu ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingase ziqondwe njengokuqubuka komhlathi, kungakho kubalulekile ukubona udokotela uma izimpawu zingaphuli ngokwelashwa okuvamile kokutholakala.

Yini ebangela i-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo?

I-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo ivela uma amaseli e-kansa evala izitsha ze-lymphatic ezikhishini lomhlathi. Lezi zitsha ezincane ngokuvamile zisiza ekuqedeni uketshezi nokulwa nokuqubuka, kodwa uma amaseli e-kansa ezivala, uketshezi lwakha futhi lubangela ukuqina nobomvu okuphawulekayo.

Isizathu esiqondile sokuthi kungani amanye amaseli eba yi-kansa asiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kuhilela ukuxubana kwezinguquko ze-genetic nezici zemvelo. Ngokungafani nezinye i-kansa, i-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo ayibonakali inenxa yokwenzeka esingayibonisa.

Okwenza lolu hlobo lwe-kansa luhluke ukuthi luyahlukaniswa kanjani. Esikhundleni sokuqala ukwakha i-tumor eqinile, amaseli e-kansa aqala ngokushesha ukukhula ezitsheni ze-lymph zesikhumba somhlathi. Kungakho ubona izinguquko zesikhumba kunokuzwa isibopho.

Izimo eziningi ze-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo yi-invasive ductal carcinoma, okusho ukuthi ziqala ezitsheni zobisi bese ziyahlukaniswa. Noma kunjalo, amaseli e-kansa angase avela kwezinye izingxenye zekhishini lomhlathi.

Ziyini izici ezingaholela ekuqaleni kwe-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo?

Izici eziningi zingandisa ingozi yakho yokuthola i-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo, nakuba ukuba nalezi zici ezingaholela ekuqaleni akusho ukuthi uzoyithola ngokuqinisekile leyo nto. Ukuqonda lezi zici kungakusiza uhlale ulungile ngempilo yakho yomhlathi.

Izici eziyinhloko ezingaholela ekuqaleni zihlanganisa:

• Ukuba owesifazane, nakuba amadoda angase athole le kansa kancane
• Ubudala, ngezimo eziningi ezenzeka kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-45-55
• Ukuba yi-African American, njengoba le kansa ivame kakhulu kwabesifazane abamnyama
• Ukuba ne-body mass index ephezulu noma ukuba unesisindo esiningi
• Ukuba nezingane ezincane noma ukukhulelwa okuningi

Ezinye izici ezingavamile ezingaholela ekuqaleni zihlanganisa ukuba nomlando womndeni we-kansa yomhlathi noma ye-ovarian, ukukhishwa kwangaphambili komhlathi, kanye nezinye izinguquko ze-genetic njenge-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi abane-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo abanawo umlando wezici ezingaholela ekuqaleni.

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi ngokungafani nezinye i-kansa yomhlathi, i-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo ayibonakali ihlobene kakhulu nokuvezwa kwamahomoni noma ezinye izici zokuphila. Lokhu kungalindelekile kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi ukubona izimpawu ngokushesha kubaluleke kangakanani.

Kufanele ubone nini udokotela ngezimpawu ze-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo?

Kufanele ubone udokotela ngokushesha uma uqaphela noma iyiphi inhlanganisela yobomvu bomhlathi, ukuqina, kanye nezinye izinguquko zesikhumba, ikakhulu uma zivele ngokushesha ezinsukwini noma emavikini ambalwa. Ungalindi ukubona uma izimpawu ziphulukana zodwa.

Ngenxa yokuthi izimpawu ze-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo zingase zibukeke njengokuqubuka komhlathi (mastitis), abantu abaningi baqala ukuzama izindlela zokwelapha ekhaya noma balinde ukuthuthuka. Noma kunjalo, uma ungancelisi futhi uthola lezi zimpawu, noma uma uncelisa futhi izimpawu zingaphuli ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokwelashwa, funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uthola isikhumba somhlathi esibonakala sengathi iyisikhumba se-orenji, ukuqina okukhulu komhlathi, ubuhlungu bomhlathi obuhlala isikhathi eside, noma noma iyiphi inguquko ye-nipple kanye nobomvu besikhumba. Lezi zimpawu zihlanganiswe ndawonye zikhathaza kakhulu futhi zidinga ukuhlolwa ngokushesha.

Ngisho noma izimpawu zakho zivela ekutholakaleni kunokuba yi-kansa, ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubalulekile nganoma iyiphi indlela. Ukutholakala komhlathi kudinga ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha futhi kungaba nzima uma kungelashwa.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ze-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo?

I-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo ingaletha izinhlanganisela ezinkulu ngoba iyi-kansa enkulu esakazeka ngokushesha. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlanganisela ezingaba khona kusiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubalulekile kangaka.

Izinhlanganisela eziqondile kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukusazeka okusheshayo kuma-lymph nodes aseduze namafutha
• Ukuhlukaniswa kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba njengethambo, isibindi, amaphaphu, noma ubuchopho
• Ukuphazamiseka kwesikhumba neziqala ezivulekile emhlathini
• Ukuqina okukhulu okuthinta ukunyakaza kwesandla
• Ukutholakala ekhishini lomhlathi oluthintekile

Ngenxa yokuthi le kansa ikhula ngokushesha kangaka, izinhlanganisela zingase zivele emavikini noma ezinyangeni uma zingelashwa. Amaseli e-kansa angasakazeka nge-bloodstream kuya ezinye izingxenye zomzimba, okwenza ukwelashwa kube nzima.

Izinhlanganisela zesikhathi eside zingase zihlanganise i-lymphedema (ukuqina kwesandla okungapheli), ubuhlungu obuhlala isikhathi eside, kanye nezinselele zomzwelo ezihlobene nobukhulu bokuwelashwa. Noma kunjalo, ngokwelashwa okusheshayo nokufanele, izinhlanganisela eziningi zingavikeleka noma ziphathwe ngokuphumelelayo.

I-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonishwa kwe-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo kudinga ukuhlolwa okuningi ngoba izimpawu zingase ziqondwe njengezinye izimo njengokuqubuka. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokuhlola ngokuphelele komzimba nomlando wezokwelapha ukuqonda izimpawu zakho.

Inqubo yokuhlola ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa kwezithombe njenge-mammogram ne-breast ultrasound, nakuba lezi zingase zingabonisi izimpawu ezivamile zezinye i-kansa yomhlathi ngoba i-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo ngokuvamile ayenzi izibopho ezicacile. I-MRI yomhlathi ngokuvamile inikeza ulwazi olunemininingwane ngokubanzi ngobubanzi besifo.

I-biopsy kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuhlonishwa. Udokotela wakho uzothatha isampula encane yekhishini lomhlathi, ngokuvamile kuhlanganise isikhumba, ukuhlola ngaphansi kwesikrini. Lokhu kusiza ekuqondeni ukuthi amaseli e-kansa akhona yini, uhlobo luni lwe-kansa, nokuthi lungaba lukhulu kangakanani.

Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe kungase kuhlanganise umsebenzi wegazi, i-X-rays yesifuba, i-CT scans, noma i-PET scans ukuhlola ukuthi i-kansa isakazeke yini kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Lezi zihloko zokuhlola zisiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuhlela indlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo.

Uwelashwa kanjani i-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo?

Ukwelashwa kwe-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuxubana kwezindlela zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa ngendlela ethile. Lendlela enqamuzayo, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-multimodal therapy, yenzelwe ukulwa ne-kansa ngokuqina ezinhlangothini ezahlukene.

Uhlelo lokwelapha oluvamile ngokuvamile lulandela leli phethini:

1. I-Chemotherapy kuqala ukuqeda i-kansa nokunciphisa ukuqina
2. Ukuhlinzwa ukususa ikhishini le-kansa esele
3. Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla ukususa noma yimaphi amaseli e-kansa asale
4. Ukwelashwa okwengeziwe okufanele noma ukwelashwa kwamahomoni uma kufanele

I-Chemotherapy ngokuvamile iqala ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuhlolwa futhi ihlale izinyanga eziningi. Imithi ethile ixhomeke ezicini zamaseli akho e-kansa, kuhlanganise nokuthi aphendula yini kumahomoni noma anawo amaprotheni athile njenge-HER2.

Ukuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kuhilela i-mastectomy (ukususa umhlathi ophelele) kanye nokususwa kwama-lymph nodes aseduze. Ukuhlinzwa okuvikelayo komhlathi ngokuvamile akukhuthazwa nge-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo ngenxa yendlela i-kansa esakazeka ngayo ekhishini lomhlathi.

Ngemva kokuhlinzwa, ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kubhekiswe endaweni yesifuba ukubhubhisa noma yimaphi amaseli e-kansa asale angabonakali. Abanye abantu bangase bathole ukwelashwa okwengeziwe njengokwelashwa kwamahomoni uma i-kansa yabo iphendula kumahomoni, noma imithi ehloselwe uma i-kansa yabo inezici ezithile ze-genetic.

Ungayiphatha kanjani i-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo ekhaya?

Nakuba ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kuyindlela eyinhloko yokulwa ne-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo, kunezinto eziningi ongenza ekhaya ukuze usekele ukululama kwakho futhi uphathe izimpawu ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Ukuphatha izimpawu ezivela ekwelashweni kuba yingxenye ebalulekile yomkhuba wakho wansuku zonke. Ukukhathalela isikhumba ngobumnene nge-moisturizers engenayo iphunga kungasiza ekuqinisweni kwesikhumba esibangelwa yomgogodla. Ukudla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile kungasiza ekubeni nomkhuhlane obangelwa yi-chemotherapy, futhi ukuhlala uqinisile kusekela impilo yakho yonke ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Ukuzivocavoca, njengoba kunconywe yiqembu lakho lezokwelapha, kungasiza ekuqondeni amandla akho kanye namazinga amandla. Ngisho nemisebenzi elula njengokuhamba okufushane ingenza umehluko endleleni ozizwa ngayo futhi isize ekuqedeni ukukhathala.

Ukusekelwa komzwelo kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuhlangana nabangane, umndeni, noma amaqembu okusekela kungakusiza ududuze ngalesi sikhathi esinzima. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukukhuluma nabanye abaye bahlangabezana nezimo ezifanayo kubasiza ukuba baphathe kangcono.

Gcina ulandelela izimpawu zakho nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezivela ekwelashweni. Lolu lwazi lusiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukulungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha njengoba kudingeka futhi luqinisekise ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uthola okuningi kakhulu ekuhambeni kwakho futhi ungakhohlwa ulwazi olubalulekile. Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kuhlanganise nokuthi zaqala nini nokuthi ziguquke kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke imithi, izongezelelo, namavithamini owathatha, kanye nolwazi nganoma yiziphi i-allergies onayo. Uma une-mammograms yangaphambili noma izithombe zomhlathi, letha lezo zirekhodi noma uhlanganise ukuthi zithunyelwe kudokotela wakho omusha.

Bhala imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza ngaphambi kokuya e-aphoyintimenti. Imibono ebalulekile ingase ihlanganise ukubuza ngokuhlolwa kwakho okuqondile, izinketho zokwelapha, izimpawu ezingaba khona, nokuthi yini okulindelekile ngesikhathi sokubuya.

Cabanga ukuletha umngane othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni e-aphoyintimenti. Bangakunikeza ukusekelwa komzwelo futhi bakusize ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile oluhlanganyelwe udokotela, ikakhulu uma uzizwa ukhulu.

Lungela ukuxoxa ngomlando wakho womndeni wezokwelapha, ikakhulu noma yimuphi umlando we-kansa yomhlathi, ye-ovarian, noma yezinye i-kansa. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda izici zakho ezingaholela ekuqaleni futhi uhlele ukunakekelwa kwakho ngokufanele.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule nge-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo ukuthi isenzo esisheshayo senza umehluko omkhulu eziphumeleni. Nakuba lokhu kuyilona uhlobo olukhulu lwe-kansa, abantu abaningi bayaphendula kahle ekwelashweni uma luqala ngokushesha.

Ungayinaki izinguquko zomhlathi, ikakhulu uma zivele ngokushesha noma zibukeke zihluke ezimpawu ze-kansa yomhlathi evamile. Themba izinzwa zakho ngomzimba wakho, futhi ungangabazi ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma kukhona okungazizwa kulungile.

Khumbula ukuthi i-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo iyimfihlo, kodwa ukwazi izimpawu zayo ezihlukile kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuhlonishwa nokwelashwa okusheshayo. Ukuxubana kobomvu, ukuqina, kanye nezinye izinguquko zesikhumba ezivele ngokushesha kufanele kuhlale kuholele ekuhlolweni kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ngokuthuthuka ekwelashweni le-kansa nokuqonda kangcono lesi sifo, ukubuka kwabantu abane-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo kuyaqhubeka nokukhula. Ukutholakala okusheshayo nokwelashwa okusheshayo kuhlala kuyizixhobo zakho ezinhle kakhulu zokulwa nalesi simo ngokuphumelelayo.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo

Ingabe i-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo ihlala ibulawa?

Cha, i-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo ayihlali ibulawa. Nakuba kuyilona uhlobo olukhulu lwe-kansa, abantu abaningi bayilulama ngempumelelo futhi baqhubeka bephila impilo egcwele. Okubalulekile ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngemva kokuba izimpawu zivele. Amanani okusinda eminyakeni emihlanu athuthukile kakhulu ngezindlela zokwelapha ezinhle, futhi abantu abaningi baphila isikhathi eside kakhulu kunamanyanga amahlanu ngemva kokuhlolwa.

Ingabe i-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo ingase iqondwe njengokuqubuka?

Yebo, i-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo ngokuvamile iqondwa njengokuqubuka komhlathi (mastitis) ngoba zombili lezi zimo zibangela ubomvu, ukuqina, nokuthuthumela emhlathini. Umehluko oyinhloko ukuthi ukutholakala komhlathi ngokuvamile kuphendula kuma-antibiotics phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, kuyilapho izimpawu ze-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo zihlala noma ziyaqhubeka. Uma ungancelisi futhi uthola lezi zimpawu, akunakwenzeka ukuthi kube yokuqubuka.

Ingabe i-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo ihlala ithinta umhlathi wonke?

I-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo ngokuvamile ithinta okungenani ingxenye yesithathu yomhlathi, kodwa ayihlali ihlanganisa umhlathi wonke ekuqaleni. Noma kunjalo, ngoba amaseli e-kansa asakazeka ezitsheni ze-lymphatic esikhumbeni, indawo ethintekile ngokuvamile iyanda ngokushesha. Ubomvu nokuqina kungase kuqale endaweni ethile bese kusakazeka ezinye izingxenye zesikhumba somhlathi phakathi kwezinsuku noma emavikini ambalwa.

Ingabe amadoda angathola i-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo?

Yebo, amadoda angathola i-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo, nakuba kuyimfihlo kakhulu. Amadoda anamafutha amancane omhlathi, futhi i-kansa ingase ivele lapho njengoba ingase ivele kwabesifazane. Izimpawu zifanana - ubomvu, ukuqina, kanye nezinye izinguquko zesikhumba endaweni yomhlathi. Ngenxa yokuthi kuyimfihlo kakhulu kumadoda, ukuhlonishwa kungase kulibale, okwenza ukwazi izimpawu kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ingabe i-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo iyefa?

I-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo ingaba nezingxenye zefa, kodwa izimo eziningi azilithiwe ngokuqondile. Ukuba nomlando womndeni we-kansa yomhlathi noma ye-ovarian, noma ukuba nezinguquko ze-genetic njenge-BRCA1 noma i-BRCA2, kungase kukhulise ingozi yakho kancane. Noma kunjalo, iningi labantu abathuthukisa i-kansa yomhlathi eqaqambayo abanamlando womndeni wesifo. Ukubonisana nge-genetic kungasiza ekuqondeni ingozi yakho ngokuya ngomlando wakho womndeni.