Ubuthakathaka Bolunge Lwe-Interstitial? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

Ubuthakathaka bolunge lwe-interstitial (ILD) kubhekisela eqenjini leemeko ezibangela ukuvuvukala nokwenzakala emathanjeni amancane omphefumulo nomoya. Cabanga ngakho njengomphefumulo wakho othuthukisa amaqatha ahlwempuzekile, aqinile, okwenza kube nzima ukuba umoya uhambe kusuka emphefumulweni wakho uye egazini lakho.

Le meko ithonya i-interstitium, okuyinkundla yethishu ebuthakathaka ezungezile futhi isekela amabhegi omoya wemphefumulo wakho. Uma le tishu ivuvukala noma ilimala, imphefumulo yakho ayikwazi ukusebenza kahle njengoba kufanele.

Ziyini izimpawu zobuthakathaka bolunge lwe-Interstitial?

Isimpawu esivamile kakhulu ongase uyibone kuqala ukungaphefumuli kahle, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi semisebenzi yomzimba efana nokunyuka izitebhisi noma ukuhamba entabeni. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoba imphefumulo yakho isebenza kanzima ukuthola umoya emzimbeni wakho.

Nazi izimpawu eziyinhloko ezingase zithuthuke kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi:

• Ukuhlanza okwomile okuqhubekayo okungaveli luhlaza
• Ukungaphefumuli kahle ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca noma imisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Ukukhathala nokukhathala okungavamile
• Ubuhlungu noma ukucindezeleka kwesifuba
• Ukulahlekelwa ukudla nokunciphisa isisindo okungahloseki
• Ukugcwala kwamagxolo (izandla ziyahlala zibanzi futhi ziyizicucu emaphethelweni)

Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuthuthuka kancane kancane ngezinyanga noma iminyaka, kungakho abantu abaningi ekuqaleni bebaphika njengezimpawu zokuguga noma ukungabi semweni.

Ziyini izinhlobo zobuthakathaka bolunge lwe-Interstitial?

Kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200 zobuthakathaka bolunge lwe-interstitial, kodwa ngokuvamile ziwela ezinhlotsheni ezinkulu. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kungakusiza ukuthi uqonde ukuxilongwa kwakho nezinketho zokwelapha.

Izinhlobo ezivamile kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqina kwemiphunga okungaziwa (IPF) - Uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu lapho imbangela eqondile ingaziwa khona
• I-Sarcoidosis - Ibanga ukuvuvukala ezingxenyeni eziningi zomzimba, kufaka phakathi imphefumulo
• I-Hypersensitivity pneumonitis - Iqhutywa ukuphefumula izinhlayiya ezithile noma amakhemikhali
• Ubuthakathaka bolunge obuhambisana nesifo se-connective tissue - Buhambisana neemeko ezifana ne-rheumatoid arthritis
• Ubuthakathaka bolunge obuphathwa yimithi - Bubangelwa imithi ethile
• Isifiso semphefumulo somsebenzi - Kusuka ekudalweni komsebenzi ekudalweni kwezinto ezilimazayo

Ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile zihlanganisa i-lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM), ethonya ikakhulukazi abesifazane, ne-Langerhans cell histiocytosis, evame ukuhlotshaniswa nokubhema. Uhlobo ngalunye lunephethini yalo yokuthuthuka nendlela yokwelapha.

Yini ebangela ubuthakathaka bolunge lwe-Interstitial?

Izimbangela zobuthakathaka bolunge lwe-interstitial zihlukahluka kakhulu, futhi ngezinye izikhathi odokotela abakwazi ukubona isiqalo esithile. Uma kungekho sizathu esingatholakala, kubizwa ngokuthi “idiopathic,” okusho nje ukuthi “okungaziwa umsuka wawo.”

Ukuvezwa komkhathi nomsebenzi kuyizimbangela ezivamile ezingalimaza ithishu yemphefumulo wakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi:

• Izinhlanzi ze-Asbestos ezivela ezinto zokwakha noma ezakhiweni ezindala
• Uthuli lwe-Silica oluvela emigodini, ukugqoka ngesihlabathi, noma ukugaya amatshe
• Uthuli lwamalahle oluvela emisebenzini yokumba imigodi
• Ucezu lwezinyoni noma izinyoni (isisu somuntu othanda izinyoni)
• Ama-spores omkhunyu oluvela ezindaweni ezimanzi
• Uthuli lwezinto zethusi oluvela ekweldeni noma ekusebenzeni ngezinto zethusi

Imithi ethile ingase futhi iqalise ukuvuvukala kwemphefumulo, kufaka phakathi imithi ethile yokwelapha i-chemotherapy, imithi yenhliziyo, ne-antibiotics. Isimo sokuzimela komzimba njenge-rheumatoid arthritis noma i-scleroderma ingabangela ukuthi isimiso sakho sokuzimela sihlasele ithishu yemphefumulo enempilo.

Izici zofuzo zingenza abanye abantu babe sengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa i-ILD, ikakhulukazi uma amalungu omndeni ebe neemeko ezifanayo zemphefumulo. Ukubhema kukhulisa kakhulu ingozi yakho futhi kungenza ubuthakathaka bolunge lwe-interstitial obukhona bube bukhulu.

Nini kufanele ubona udokotela ngenxa yobuthakathaka bolunge lwe-Interstitial?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nokungaphefumuli kahle okuqhubekayo okungathuthuki ngokuphumula, ikakhulukazi uma kuphazamisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Ukubheka kusenesikhathi kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekulawuleni le meko ngokuphumelelayo.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uqaphela:

• Ukungaphefumuli kahle okuya kubi ngezinyanga noma iminyaka
• Ukuhlanza okwomile okuqhubeka amasonto ambalwa
• Ukukhathala okungachazeki okuvimba imisebenzi yakho evamile
• Ukucindezeleka noma ubuhlungu besifuba
• Ukushintsha ezinzipeni zakho noma emagxolweni

Shaya ucingo ucele usizo lwezokwelapha oluphuthumayo uma uhlangabezana nokungaphefumuli kahle okukhulu ngokuphumula, ubuhlungu besifuba, noma uma izindebe zakho noma ama-fingernails ephenduka oluhlaza. Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukuthi amazinga akho okufinyelela umoya angase aphansi kakhulu futhi adinga ukunakekelwa okusheshayo.

Ziyini izinto ezikhulisa ingozi yobuthakathaka bolunge lwe-Interstitial?

Izinto eziningi zingakhuphula amathuba akho okuthuthukisa ubuthakathaka bolunge lwe-interstitial, nakuba ukuba nezinto ezikhulisa ingozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa le meko. Ukuqonda lezi zinto kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela lapho kungenzeka khona.

Ubudala nobulili kudlala indima ebalulekile, njengoba i-ILD ivame ukuthonya abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50, ngezinhlobo ezithile eziyinhloko kubantu besilisa noma abesifazane:

• Ubudala obungaphezu kweminyaka engama-50
• Ubulili besilisa ngenxa yokuqina kwemiphunga okungaziwa
• Ubulili besifazane ngenxa ye-lymphangioleiomyomatosis
• Umbhalo wokubhema (ababhemi bamanje noma ababengabhemi)
• Umbhalo womndeni wesifo semphefumulo
• Ukuvezwa ezinto eziyingozi zemvelo noma uthuli
• Isimo esithile sokuzimela komzimba
• I-Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Ukuvezwa emsebenzini kukhulisa kakhulu ingozi, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasebenza emigodini, ukwakha, ukulima, noma ukukhiqiza. Ngisho nokuvezwa okufushane kodwa okukhulu ezintweni eziyingozi ngezinye izikhathi kungabangela ukulimala kwemphefumulo okuthuthuka eminyakeni eminingi kamuva.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ngenxa yobuthakathaka bolunge lwe-Interstitial?

Ngenkathi abantu abaningi abane-interstitial lung disease bekwazi ukugcina ikhwalithi yokuphila enhle ngokwelashwa okufanele, le meko ingabangela izinhlanganisela ezinkulu uma ingalashwa noma uma ithuthuka ngokushesha.

Izinhlanganisela ezinkulu kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• I-Pulmonary hypertension - Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphakeme emphefumulweni olucindezela inhliziyo yakho
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo kwesokudla - Lapho inhliziyo yakho ingakwazi ukupompa igazi kahle emphefumulweni wakho
• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula - Lapho imphefumulo yakho ingakwazi ukunikeza umoya owanele emzimbeni wakho
• Umshuza wemphefumulo - Ezinye izinhlobo ze-ILD zikhuphula ingozi yomdlavuza
• Ama-blood clots - Ingozi enkulu yama-clots ezinhlanzi zegazi zemphefumulo
• Umphunga owa (pneumothorax) - Umoya uqhekeka endaweni ezungezile imphefumulo yakho

Izinhlanganisela ezingavamile kodwa ezinkulu zihlanganisa ukutheleleka okukhulu ngenxa yokunciphisa ukuvikela kwemphefumulo ne-pulmonary embolism. Ukulandelela njalo yiqembu lakho lokukhathalela kwezempilo kusiza ukubamba lezi zinhlobo kusenesikhathi lapho zilawuleka kakhulu.

Ubuthakathaka bolunge lwe-Interstitial bungavikeleka kanjani?

Ngenkathi ungakwazi ukuvimba zonke izinhlobo zobuthakathaka bolunge lwe-interstitial, ikakhulukazi lezo ezinamalungu omndeni, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho ngokuqeda izinto ezaziwayo nokugcina impilo enhle jikelele.

Izindlela zokuvikela ezisebenza kakhulu zigxile ekuvikeleni imphefumulo yakho ekudalweni kwezinto eziyingozi:

• Yekela ukubhema futhi ugweme ukubhema okusecondhand
• Sebenzisa imishini yokuphepha efanele emsebenzini uma uveziwe uthuli noma amakhemikhali
• Gcina ukuhamba komoya okuhle ekhaya lakho nasemsebenzini
• Landela imiyalo yokuphepha uma uphatha izinto ezingase zibe yingozi
• Lawula i-Gastroesophageal reflux disease uma unayo
• Hlala ubuyekeza ngezigqoko ukuvimba ukutheleleka kwemphefumulo

Uma usebenza emisebenzini engozi enkulu njengokumba imigodi, ukwakha, ukulima, noma ukukhiqiza, ukuhlolwa njalo komsebenzi wemphefumulo kungasiza ukubona ukushintsha kusenesikhathi ngaphambi kokuthi izimpawu zivele. Ukubona kusenesikhathi kuvame ukubangela imiphumela emihle kakhulu nezinketho zokwelapha eziningi.

Ubuthakathaka bolunge lwe-Interstitial buxilongwa kanjani?

Ukuxilonga ubuthakathaka bolunge lwe-interstitial kudinga ukuhlanganiswa kwezivivinyo ngoba izimpawu zingafana neemeko eziningi zemphefumulo. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngomlando wezokwelapha ophelele nokuhlolwa komzimba, egxila ezindleleni zakho zokuphefumula nemisindo yemphefumulo.

Inqubo yokuxilonga ngokuvamile ihlanganisa ukuhlolwa okuyinhloko okuhlukahlukene:

• Izithombe ze-X-ray zesifuba - Zibonisa isikhungo semphefumulo esiyisisekelo nokwenzakala okubonakalayo
• I-CT scan ephakeme - Inikeza izithombe eziningiliziwe zethishu yemphefumulo
• Ukuhlolwa komsebenzi wemphefumulo - Kulinganisa ukuthi imphefumulo yakho isebenza kahle kangakanani
• Izivivinyo zegazi - Hlola amamaki okuzimela komzimba nokuvuvukala
• I-Bronchoscopy - Ivumela ukuhlolwa okuqondile kwezinhlanzi zomoya
• Ukuhlinzwa kwemphefumulo - Kuthatha amasampula amancane ethishu ukuhlolwa ngama-microscope

Udokotela wakho angase futhi ayalele i-echocardiogram ukuhlola umsebenzi wenhliziyo yakho, njengoba ubuthakathaka bolunge bungathinta inhliziyo yakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic kunconywa uma kunomlando womndeni wesifo semphefumulo.

Inqubo yokuxilonga ingathatha amasonto ambalwa noma izinyanga, njengoba odokotela bedinga ukukhipha ezinye izimo futhi banqume uhlobo oluthile lwe-ILD olukhona kuwe. Le ndlela eqaphelayo iqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okufanele.

Ukuphathwa kobuthakathaka bolunge lwe-Interstitial kuyini?

Ukuphathwa kobuthakathaka bolunge lwe-interstitial kugxile ekuthuthukiseni ukuqhubeka kwesifo, ukulawula izimpawu, nokugcina ikhwalithi yakho yokuphila. Indlela ethile ixhomeke kuhlobo lwe-ILD olukhona kuwe nokuthi luthuthuke kangakanani lapho luxilongwa.

Imithi yiyona ndawo yokuqala yokwelapha izinhlobo eziningi ze-ILD:

• Imithi ye-anti-fibrotic - Yenza kancane ukwenzakala ekuqineni kwemiphunga okungaziwa
• I-Corticosteroids - Yanciphisa ukuvuvukala ezinhlwini ezivuvukalayo
• Imithi ye-Immunosuppressive - Lawula ukulimala kwemphefumulo okuhlobene nokuzimela komzimba
• Ukuphathwa komoya - Kusiza ukugcina amazinga okufinyelela umoya afanele
• I-Bronchodilators - Vula izinhlanzi zomoya ukuthuthukisa ukuphefumula

Izinhlelo zokuvuselela imphefumulo zihlanganisa ukuqeqeshwa komzimba, amasu okuphefumula, nemfundo ukukusiza ulawule imisebenzi yansuku zonke ngokuphumelelayo. Lezi zinhlelo zingathuthukisa kakhulu ukukhuthazela kwakho nekhwalithi yokuphila.

Ngezinye izimo eziqalile, ukutshalwa kwemphefumulo kungacatshangelwa uma unempilo eyanele yokwelashwa futhi uhlangabezana nezindinganiso ezithile. Le nketho ingasindisa impilo yabantu abanesifo esithuthuka ngokushesha.

Ungalawula kanjani ubuthakathaka bolunge lwe-Interstitial ekhaya?

Ukulawula ubuthakathaka bolunge lwe-interstitial ekhaya kuhilela ukwenza ukulungiswa kwesitayela sokuphila esekela impilo yemphefumulo wakho nokuphila kahle kwakho. Ukushintsha okuncane emikhunjweni yakho yansuku zonke kungenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni ozizwa ngayo.

Amasu okuphefumula nokulondoloza amandla kuwusizo kakhulu:

• Zama ukuphefumula ngomlomo oqiniswe ukuthuthukisa ukushintshana komoya
• Sebenzisa ukuzivocavoca kokuphefumula kwe-diaphragmatic nsuku zonke
• Zikhawulele ngesikhathi semisebenzi futhi uthathe amaphasi amaningi
• Gcina imithi yokutakula nemishini yomoya ifinyeleleka kalula
• Gcina isimo esihle somzimba ukuthuthukisa amandla emphefumulo
• Hlala uthola amanzi ukuze ugcine ukukhishwa kwemphefumulo kuhlanzekile

Ukwenza izinguquko ezindaweni zakho zokuhlala kunganciphisa ukuvuvukala kwemphefumulo nokwenza ukuphefumula kube lula. Gcina indawo yakho yokuhlala iphefumule kahle, sebenzisa abahlanzi bomoya uma kudingeka, futhi ugweme iziphefumulo ezinamandla noma abahlanzi bamakhemikhali.

Ukuzivocavoca okuthambile okuvamile, njengoba kuvunyelwe udokotela wakho, kusiza ukugcina amandla emisipha nokufaneleka kwenhliziyo. Ngisho nokuhamba okufushane noma ukwelula okulula kungaba usizo uma kwenziwa njalo.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho yodokotela kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi kakhulu ekuhambeni kwakho futhi kunikeza iqembu lakho lokukhathalela kwezempilo ulwazi olubalulekile ngesimo sakho. Ukulungiselela okuhle kungabangela ukulinganiswa okuchane kakhulu nezisombululo zokwelapha ezinhle kakhulu.

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, buthana nolwazi olubalulekile ngezimpawu zakho nomlando wezokwelapha:

• Bhala phansi ukuthi izimpawu zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani
• Bala yonke imithi, izongezo, kanye nezinani ozithathayo
• Qaphela noma yikuphi ukuvezwa komkhathi noma umsebenzi
• Lungisa imibuzo mayelana nesimo sakho nezinketho zokwelapha
• Letha imiphumela yokuhlola yangaphambili nezifundo zokubonisa izithombe
• Faka umlando womndeni wesifo semphefumulo noma izifo zokuzimela komzimba

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ukukusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi oluxoxiwe ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti. Ukuba nomuntu omunye okhona kungaba usizo kakhulu lapho uxoxa ngezinketho zokwelapha eziyinkimbinkimbi noma imiphumela yokuhlola.

Bhala phansi imibuzo yakho ebaluleke kakhulu ngaphambili, njengoba kulula ukuyiwukhohlwa ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti. Unganqikazi ukucela incazelo uma kukhona okungacaci.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana nobuthakathaka bolunge lwe-Interstitial?

Ubuthakathaka bolunge lwe-interstitial buhlanganisa iqembu elikhulu leemeko ezibangela ukuvuvukala kwemphefumulo nokwenzakala, kodwa ngokuxilongwa okufanele nokuphathwa, abantu abaningi bangagcina ikhwalithi yokuphila enhle. Ukuqaphela izimpawu kusenesikhathi nokukhathalela kwezokwelapha okusheshayo kubalulekile ngemiphumela emihle kakhulu.

Ngenkathi i-ILD ingaba yimeko enzima, ukuthuthuka ekuqondeni nasekuphathweni kuye kwathuthukisa ithemba kulabo abaningi abagulayo. Ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokukhathalela kwezempilo, ukulandela izinhlelo zokwelapha, nokwenza ukulungiswa kwesitayela sokuphila okufanele kungakusiza ulawule le meko ngokuphumelelayo.

Khumbula ukuthi isipiliyoni ngasinye somuntu nge-ILD sihlukile, futhi lokho okusebenza komunye umuntu kungase kungasebenzi komunye. Hlala uhlanganyela neqembu lakho lokukhathalela, buza imibuzo, futhi unganqikazi ukufuna ukwesekwa uma ulikhona.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana nobuthakathaka bolunge lwe-Interstitial

UMbuzo 1. Ingabe ubuthakathaka bolunge lwe-interstitial buhlala bubulala?

Cha, ubuthakathaka bolunge lwe-interstitial abubulali njalo. Ngenkathi ezinye izinhlobo ezifana nokuqina kwemiphunga okungaziwa zithambekele ekuthuthukeni ngokushesha, abantu abaningi abane-ILD baphila iminyaka eminingi ngokwelashwa nokuphathwa okufanele. Ithemba lihlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo oluthile lwe-ILD, ukuthi luxilongwa nini, nokuthi uphendula kanjani ekwelapheni.

UMbuzo 2. Ingabe ubuthakathaka bolunge lwe-interstitial bungaphiliswa?

Okwamanje, asikho isilondolozi sezinhlobo eziningi zobuthakathaka bolunge lwe-interstitial, kodwa ukwelashwa kunganciphisa kakhulu ukuqhubeka nokwenza ikhwalithi yokuphila ibe ngcono. Ezinye izinhlobo ezibangelwa izinto ezithile zingase zithuthuke lapho ukuvezwa kususwa. Ukuqondiswa kokwelapha kugxile ekulawuleni izimpawu, ukuthuthukisa ukuqhubeka kwesifo, nokugcina ikhono lakho lokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke.

UMbuzo 3. Ubuthakathaka bolunge lwe-interstitial buthuthuka ngokushesha kangakanani?

Izinga lokuqhubeka lihlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lwe-ILD nezici zomuntu. Ezinye izinhlobo ziyaqhubeka kancane eminyakeni eminingi, kanti ezinye ezifana ne-acute interstitial pneumonia zingase zibe zimbi ngokushesha ngamasonto noma izinyanga. Ukuqina kwemiphunga okungaziwa ngokuvamile kuqhubeka eminyakeni engu-2-5, kodwa lokhu kungase kuhluke kakhulu phakathi kwabantu.

UMbuzo 4. Ingabe ukuzivocavoca kungasiza ngenxa yobuthakathaka bolunge lwe-interstitial?

Yebo, ukuzivocavoca okufanele kungaba usizo kakhulu kubantu abane-interstitial lung disease. Izinhlelo zokuvuselela imphefumulo ezihlanganisa ukuzivocavoca okuqondiswayo zingathuthukisa ukukhuthazela kwakho, zinciphisa ukungaphefumuli kahle, futhi zithuthukise ikhwalithi yokuphila. Noma kunjalo, ukuzivocavoca kufanele kulungiswe ngesimo sakho esithile futhi kulandelelwe ochwepheshe bezempilo.

UMbuzo 5. Ingabe ngizodinga ukwelashwa komoya ngenxa yobuthakathaka bolunge lwe-interstitial?

Akuwona wonke umuntu onobunzima bolunge lwe-interstitial odinga ukwelashwa komoya, kodwa kungase kudingeke njengoba isimo siqhubeka. Udokotela wakho uzolandelela amazinga akho okufinyelela umoya ngezivivinyo zegazi ne-pulse oximetry. Uma amazinga akho okufinyelela umoya ewa ngaphansi kwezindinganiso ezithile, umoya ongezelelwe ungakusiza uzizwe ukhulu futhi avikele inhliziyo yakho nezinye izitho ekubeni limale.