Ukuqala kwe-Iritis? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Iritis iwukuvuvukala kwe-iris, ingxenye elimele yamehlo akho elawula ukuthi kukhanya kangakanani okungena esikhaleni sakho. Lesi simo sibangela ubuhlungu, ubomvu, nokuzwela ekukhanyeni okungase kuqale ngokuzumayo noma kancane kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kubizwa nangokuthi i-uveitis yangaphambili, i-iritis ithinta ingxenye yangaphambili ye-uvea, okuyilinga elikhatshwelele lamehlo akho. Nakuba kuzwakala kukhulu, izimo eziningi ziphendula kahle ekwelapheni uma zitholakala ngokushesha. Okubalulekile ukubona izimpawu nokuthola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha ukuvimbela izinkinga.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-iritis?

Isilwane sokuqala esivamile siwubuhlungu obukhulu, obuhlungu emehlweni akho athintekayo okungase bube kubi uma ugxila kukuthile okudume. Lobu buhlungu ngokuvamile buzwakala buhlukile ekukhathazeni kwamehlo okuvamile ngoba buvela ngaphakathi kwamehlo kunokuba kube ngaphandle.

Nawa ama-symptom aphambili ongawabona:

• Ubuhlungu obukhulu emehlweni obunokwandisa ebunzini lakho noma ethempelini
• Ukuzwela okukhulu ekukhanyeni (photophobia)
• Ukubona okungacacile noma okunciphisiwe
• Ubomvu oluzungezile i-iris, ikakhulukazi eduze kwe-cornea
• Isitshalo esincane noma esingajwayelekile
• Ukukhala okukhulu
• Ukuzizwa sengathi kukhona okuthile emehlweni akho

Abanye abantu nabo baphawula ukuthi isitshalo sabo asiphenduli kahle ekuguqukeni kokukhanya. Iso elithintekayo lingase libukeke liqine noma libe nombala ohlukile kunokujwayelekile ngenxa yokuvuvukala.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ungase ube nobuhlungu bokhanda obukhulu, ukugula, noma ukulahlekelwa ukubona. Lezi zimpawu zibonisa izinkinga ezinzima kakhulu futhi zidinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Yini ebangela i-iritis?

Imbangela eqondile ye-iritis ngokuvamile ayaziwa, okuyikho odokotela abakubiza ngokuthi "i-iritis idiopathic." Noma kunjalo, izinto eziningi zingabangela le mpendulo yokuvuvukala emehlweni akho.

Izimbangela ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Izifo ze-autoimmune njenge-rheumatoid arthritis noma i-ankylosing spondylitis
• Ukutheleleka okunjenge-herpes simplex, i-shingles, noma i-toxoplasmosis
• Ukulimala kwamehlo noma ukulimala, kufaka phakathi ukuhlinzwa
• Imithi ethile noma ama-eye drops
• Izifo ezivuvukalayo ze-bowel njenge-Crohn's disease noma i-ulcerative colitis

Ngezinye izikhathi i-iritis ivela njengengxenye yesimo esivuvukalayo esibanzi esithinta izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba. Izinto zofuzo zingase futhi zidlale indima, njengoba abantu abathile benesongo elikhulu ngokusekelwe ekwakhekeni kwabo kwezinto zofuzo.

Izimbangela ezingavamile zihlanganisa i-sarcoidosis, i-Behçet's disease, noma i-Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome. Lezi zimo zithinta ezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho ngaphandle kwamehlo futhi zidinga izindlela zokwelapha ezikhethekile.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-iritis?

Kufanele ufunuke ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obuzumayo emehlweni obuhlangene nokuzwela ekukhanyeni nokubona okungacacile. Lezi zimpawu zihlangene zibonisa i-iritis noma enye isimo esinzima sokulimala kwamehlo esidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ungalindi uma uqaphela ukuthi ukubona kwakho kuya kubi noma uma ubuhlungu bukhulu. I-iritis engalashwanga ingabangela izinkinga ezingapheli zokubona, ngakho-ke ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni kubalulekile ukuze kuzuze kakhulu.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho wamehlo noma uvakashele igumbi lokuphuthuma uma uthola ubuhlungu bokhanda obukhulu, ukugula, noma ukulahlekelwa ukubona okukhulu kanye nezimpawu zamehlo. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise ukwanda kokucindezeleka kwamehlo noma ezinye izinkinga ezinzima.

Ziyini izinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini ye-iritis?

Izinto ezithile zikhuphula amathuba akho okukhula kwe-iritis, nakuba ukuba nalezi zinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini akusho ukuthi uzothola lesi simo. Ukuziqonda kungakusiza uhlale uxolo ezimpawu zokuqala.

Izinto eziphambili ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini zihlanganisa:

• Ukuba nesifo se-autoimmune njenge-lupus noma i-rheumatoid arthritis
• Ukulimala kwamehlo noma ukuhlinzwa kwangaphambili
• Izimpawu ezithile zezinto zofuzo, ikakhulukazi i-HLA-B27
• Izifo ezivuvukalayo ze-bowel
• Ukuba phakathi kweminyaka engu-20-40 (ubudala obuvamile)
• Ukuba uke waba ne-iritis ngaphambili (ingabuya)

Abanye abantu bathuthukisa i-iritis ngemva kokutheleleka kwenye ingxenye yomzimba wabo, ngisho noma ukutheleleka kubonakala kungena-xhumano namehlo abo. Ukuqina nokukhathala kungase futhi kuqalise izigameko kubantu abasengozini yalesi simo.

Ngokungavamile, imithi ethile esetshenziswa kwezinye izimo zempilo ingase ikhuphule ingozi yakho. Udokotela wakho uzobheka lezi zinto uma ehlola izimpawu zakho futhi eceba ukwelashwa.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ngenxa ye-iritis?

Abantu abaningi abane-iritis bayaphila ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okufanele, kodwa ezinye izinkinga zingase zenzeke uma isimo singalawulwa kahle. Lezi zinkinga zithuthuka uma ukuvuvukala kuqhubeka noma kubuyela njalo.

Izinkinga ezingase zenzeke zihlanganisa:

• Ukucindezeleka kwamehlo okwandayo (glaucoma)
• I-cataracts evela ekukhuleni kokuvuvukala noma ukusetshenziswa kwe-steroid
• Ukunamathela okungapheli phakathi kwe-iris nelensi
• Ukuvuvukala kwe-retina ephakathi (macular edema)
• Ukulahlekelwa ukubona okungapheli ezimweni ezinzima

Inkinga enzima kakhulu yi-glaucoma, lapho ukucindezeleka okwandayo ngaphakathi kwamehlo akho kungalimaza i-optic nerve. Lesi simo ngokuvamile sithuthuka ngokuthula, kungakho ukuvakasha okuqhubekayo kubalulekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Izinkinga ezingavamile zihlanganisa ukuhlukana kwe-retina noma ukunamathela okukhulu ngaphakathi kwamehlo. Lezi zinkinga zivame kakhulu nge-iritis ehlala isikhathi eside noma ephindaphindayo, kugcizelelwa ukubaluleka kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuqhubekayo.

I-iritis ihlonishwa kanjani?

Udokotela wakho wamehlo uzohlola i-iritis ngokuhlolwa okuphelele kwamehlo usebenzisa imishini ekhethekile. Ithuluzi eliyinhloko yi-slit lamp, enikeza umbono omkhulu wengxenye yangaphambili yamehlo akho.

Ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa, udokotela wakho uzobheka amaseli avuvukalayo ahlala ehlanganiswe e-fluid ngaphakathi kwamehlo akho. Bazophinde bahlole ukufakwa kwamaprotheni futhi bahlole ukuthi isitshalo sakho siphendula kanjani ekuguqukeni kokukhanya.

Udokotela wakho angase akhulule izitshalo zakho ngama-eye drops ukuze uthole umbono omuhle wezakhiwo zangaphakathi. Bazophinde bale ukucindezeleka kwamehlo akho futhi bahlole i-retina yakho ukuze bakhiphe ezinye izimo noma izinkinga.

Izivivinyo zegazi zingase ziyalwe ukuze zihlale izimo ze-autoimmune noma ukutheleleka okungase kube yimbangela ye-iritis. Kwezinye izimo, izifundo zokuthwebula izithombe njenge-X-rays noma i-MRI scans zisiza ekutholeni izifo zesimiso ezihambisanayo.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-iritis?

Ukwelashwa kugxile ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala ngokushesha ukuvimbela izinkinga nokunciphisa izimpawu zakho. Indlela ephambili ihlanganisa ama-eye drops omthetho awinawo ama-corticosteroids ukuze athulise impendulo yokuvuvukala.

Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzobhala:

• Ama-eye drops e-steroid (njenge-prednisolone) asebenziswa izikhathi eziningi ngosuku
• Ama-drops okuqhaqhazela ukuvimbela ukunamathela kwe-iris nokunciphisa ubuhlungu
• Imithi yomlomo uma ukuvuvukala kunzima
• Ukwelashwa kwanoma yiziphi izimo ezihambisanayo

Ama-drops okuqhaqhazela asisiza ukugcina isitshalo sakho siqhaqhazile, okwenza i-iris inganamatheli elensi. Lokhu futhi kusiza ekuqedeni ubuhlungu obubangelwa ukuzwela ekukhanyeni.

Ezimeni ezinzima noma eziphindaphindayo, udokotela wakho angase acebise ukugxilwa kwe-steroid eduze kwamehlo noma imithi yomlomo ecindezela isimiso. Lokhu kwelashwa kudinga ukulandelelwa ngokucophelela iziphetho.

Ezimeni ezingavamile lapho i-iritis ihlotshaniswa nokutheleleka, imithi ye-antiviral noma i-antibiotic ingase idingeke kanye nokwelashwa kokuvuvukala.

Indlela yokuphatha i-iritis ekhaya?

Nakuba ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kubalulekile, izindlela eziningi zokunakekelwa ekhaya zingakusiza uzizwe ukhululekile ngesikhathi sokuphulukisa. Lezi zindlela zisebenza kanye nemithi yakho ebhaliwe, hhayi njengokushintsha.

Nawa ongawakwenza ekhaya:

• Gqoka izibuko zokukhanya ukuze unciphise ukuzwela ekukhanyeni
• Sebenzisa izinyembezi ezingokwenziwa ukuze ugcine amehlo akho emanzi
• Faka ama-compress abandayo imizuzu engu-10-15 ngesikhathi
• Gwema ukuhlanza noma ukuthinta iso lakho elithintekayo
• Thatha imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu yasekhaya uma kuyadingeka
• Phumula amehlo akho ngokugwema izikrini uma kungenzeka

Gcina indawo yakho ikhanyisiwe kancane uma izimpawu zinzima. Ukukhanya okukhulu kungase kwenze ukungakhululeki kwakho kube kubi, ngakho lungisa ukukhanya ekhaya nasemsebenzini kuze kube yileveli ekhululekile.

Ungalokothi uyeke imithi yakho ebhaliwe ngokushesha, ngisho noma uzizwa ukhulu. Ukuphela kwesigaba esiphelele kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukuvuvukala kulawulwa ngokuphelele futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokubuyela.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi ziguquke kanjani. Lolu lwazi lusisiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda iphethini nobunzima besimo sakho.

Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke oyithathayo njengamanje, kufaka phakathi imithi yasekhaya kanye nezinye izinto. Imithi ethile ingase ithinte amehlo akho noma ihlangane nokwelashwa kwe-iritis.

Lungela ukuxoxa ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi noma yiziphi izimo ze-autoimmune, izinkinga zamehlo zangaphambili, noma ukutheleleka kwamuva. Udokotela wakho uzofuna futhi ukwazi nganoma yimuphi umlando womndeni wezifo zamehlo noma izifo ze-autoimmune.

Hlela ukuthi othile akuqhubele ngemoto kuya nase-aphoyintimenti, njengoba udokotela wakho ngokuvamile azokhulula izitshalo zakho ukuze ahlole. Lokhu kwenza ukubona kwakho kube buthakathaka isikhathi esithile futhi kuzwela ekukhanyeni.

Yini okubalulekile nge-iritis?

I-Iritis iyisimo sokulimala kwamehlo esingalashwa esiphendula kahle ekunakekelweni kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Nakuba izimpawu zingase zibe zingekho kahle futhi zikhathaze, abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okufanele.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kuvimbela izinkinga. Uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obuzumayo emehlweni, ukuzwela ekukhanyeni, nokubona okungacacile, ungangabazi ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ngokwelashwa okufanele nokunakekelwa okulandelayo, ungalindela ukuthi izimpawu zakho zibe ngcono ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emavikini. Abanye abantu bangase bahlangabezane nezigameko eziphindaphindayo, kodwa lezi zingalawulwa kahle ngokusekelwa kwezokwelapha okuqhubekayo.

Imibuzo evamile mayelana ne-iritis

Q1: Ingabe i-iritis ingabangela ubuthakathaka obungapheli?

I-Iritis ayivamile ukubangela ubuthakathaka obungapheli uma ilashwa ngokushesha nangokufanele. Noma kunjalo, izimo ezingalashwanga noma ezinzima zingabangela izinkinga njenge-glaucoma noma i-cataracts engase ithinte ukubona. Okubalulekile ukuthola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kwasekuqaleni nokulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa ngokuphelele.

Q2: I-iritis ithatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukisa?

Izimo eziningi ze-iritis ziyathuthuka phakathi kwamasonto angu-1-2 ngokwelashwa okufanele, nakuba ukuphulukisa okuphelele kungathatha amasonto angu-4-6. I-iritis ehlala isikhathi eside noma ephindaphindayo ingase idinge izikhathi ezinde zokwelashwa. Udokotela wakho uzolandelela intuthuko yakho futhi alungise imithi uma kuyadingeka kulo lonke ukuphulukisa kwakho.

Q3: Ingabe i-iritis iyadluliseka?

I-Iritis ngokwayo ayidluliseki futhi ayikwazi ukudluliselwa komuntu komunye. Noma kunjalo, uma ukutheleleka kubangele i-iritis yakho, lokho kutheleleka okungaphansi kungase kudluliseke. Udokotela wakho uzokunquma uma noma yiziphi izimbangela zokutheleleka zidinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe noma izinyathelo zokuphepha.

Q4: Ingabe ukucindezeleka kungaqalisa i-iritis?

Nakuba ukucindezeleka kungabangeli i-iritis ngokuqondile, kungase kuqalise izigameko kubantu abasengozini yalesi simo. Ukucindezeleka kungase buthakathe isimiso sakho sokuvikela futhi kwenze kube lula impendulo yokuvuvukala. Ukuphatha ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokupumula kungasiza ekuqedeni ingozi yokubuyela.

Q5: Ingabe ngizodingeka ngisebenzise ama-eye drops phakade?

Abantu abaningi abane-iritis abadingi ama-eye drops esikhathini eside. Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhlala amasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni, kuye ngokuthi uphendula kangcono kanjani. Noma kunjalo, abantu abane-iritis ehlala isikhathi eside noma ephindaphindayo bangase badinge ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo noma ukusetshenziswa kwemithi ngezikhathi ezithile ukuvimbela ukubuyela.