Ubuthi lukaKawasaki: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

Ubuthi lukaKawasaki yisimo esibangela ukuvuvukala kwezinsimbi zegazi emzimbeni wonke, ikakhulukazi ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-5. Nakuba igama lingase lingaziwa, lesi sifo siqheleke kakhulu kunalokho abazali abaningi abakuqaphelayo, futhi ngokwelashwa okufanele, izingane eziningi ziyaphila ngokuphelele ngaphandle kwemiphumela ehlala njalo.

Cabanga ngakho njengesistimu yokuzikhusela yengane yakho eba namandla kakhulu futhi ihlasela izinsimbi zegazi eziphilile ngephutha. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi odokotela sebeyazi kakhulu ukubona nokuphatha lesi simo, ikakhulukazi uma kubanjwe ngokushesha.

Ubuthi lukaKawasaki yini?

Ubuthi lukaKawasaki yisimo sokuvuvukala esithinta ikakhulu izinsimbi zegazi, ikakhulukazi i-coronary arteries ezondla inhliziyo. Kuyaziwa nangokuthi i-mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome ngoba ithonya isikhumba, i-mucous membranes, nama-lymph nodes.

Lesi simo sithinta cishe izingane kuphela, cishe amaphesenti angu-80 ezimo ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-5. Nakuba kungase kubukeke kukhulu uma ingane yakho ihlonishwa, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ubuthi lukaKawasaki buyaphatheka, futhi izingane eziningi ziqhubeka ziphila impilo evamile, enempilo.

Lesi sifo saqala kuchazwa uDkt. Tomisaku Kawasaki eJapane ngo-1967. Namuhla, siyaziwa emhlabeni jikelele njengomunye wemibangela ehamba phambili yesifo senhliziyo esitholwe ezinganeni emazweni athuthukile, kodwa ukwelashwa okusheshayo kunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yezinkinga zenhliziyo.

Ziyini izimpawu zobuthi lukaKawasaki?

Izimpawu zobuthi lukaKawasaki zivame ukuvela ngezigaba, futhi ukuzazi ngokushesha kungenza umehluko omkhulu empumelelweni yengane yakho. Uphawu olukhulu ukushisa okuphezulu okuphikelela okungenani izinsuku ezi-5 futhi kungaphenduli kahle ezikhiphamashi okwejwayelekile njenge-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen.

Nazi izimpawu eziyinhloko abagcini bezempilo abazibheka, futhi ungase uzibone zivela izinsuku eziningana:

• Ukushisa okuphezulu (102°F noma ngaphezulu) okuqhubeka izinsuku ezi-5 noma ngaphezulu futhi kungathuthuki ngemithi evamile yokunciphisa ukushisa
• Amehlo abomvu, anegazi ngaphandle kokukhipha noma ukwakheka okunamathelayo, okuthonya womabili amehlo
• Isikhumba emzimbeni esingase sibe njengeziqephu ezibomvu, izigaxa eziphakamileyo, noma sibukeke sifana ne-measles
• Izindebe ezibomvu, eziqabukile, noma eziqhekekile nolimi “olufana ne-strawberry” olukhanya olukhulu futhi oluqabukile
• Ama-lymph nodes aqabukile entanyeni, ngokuvamile ngakolunye uhlangothi futhi amakhulu kunenut
• Izandla nezinyawo ezibomvu, eziqabukile ezingase kamuva zithuthukise ukukhipha isikhumba eminweni nasezinzwini

Ingane yakho ingase ibe nokuqabukela okubonakala kukhulu kunokukhathazeka okuvamile kwengane, kanye nokuqina nokuntuleka kwesifiso sokudla. Ezinye izingane zithuthukisa ubuhlungu besisu, ukugabha, noma isifo sohlangothi.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi akusiyo yonke ingane ezoba nazo zonke lezi zimpawu, futhi aziveli njalo ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lokhu kwenza ukuxilongwa kube nzima, kungakho kubalulekile ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma ingane yakho inokushisa okuphezulu okuqhubekayo kanye nanoma yiziphi ezinye zezimpawu.

Yini ebangela ubuthi lukaKawasaki?

Imbangela eqondile yobuthi lukaKawasaki ayikaziwa, okungase kube yinkinga kubazali abafuna izimpendulo. Kodwa-ke, abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi cishe kuvela ngokuhlanganiswa kokuthambekela kwezakhiwo nezici zemvelo, kunokuba kube yimbangela eyodwa.

Ezinye zezihloko mayelana nalokho okungase kubangele lesi simo ziyaqhutshwa:

• Izinto ezibangela ukutheleleka ezifana ne-viruses noma ama-bacteria aqhuba impendulo engavamile yokuzikhusela ezinganeni ezithambekele ekuguleni
• Izici zezakhiwo ezenza ezinye izingane zibe sengozini, njengoba lesi sifo siqheleke kakhulu ezinganeni zobuzwe base-Asia
• Ubuthi bemvelo noma amakhemikhali angase ahlanganyele enkambweni yokuqabuka
• Impendulo yokuzikhusela lapho isistimu yokuzikhusela yomzimba ihlasela ngephutha izicubu eziphilile

Okubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ubuthi lukaKawasaki aluthatheki. Awukwazi ukulithatha komunye umuntu, futhi ingane yakho ayikwazi ukulilulethela abafowabo noma abangane bakubo. Akubangelwa yilutho owalwenza noma awungenzanga njengomzali.

Lesi simo sibonakala siqheleke kakhulu ezinyangeni zasebusika nasebusika, futhi ngezinye izikhathi sivela ekuqhakazweni okuncane emiphakathini, okusikisela ukuthi izici zemvelo zingase zidlale indima ekuqaliseni lesi sifo ezinganeni ezithambekele ekuguleni.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela ngenxa yobuthi lukaKawasaki?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wezingane zakho ngokushesha uma ingane yakho inokushisa okuphezulu kuka-102°F (39°C) noma ngaphezulu okuqhubeka izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezi-3, ikakhulukazi uma kuhambisana nanoma yiziphi ezinye izimpawu ezishiwo ngenhla. Ungalindi kuze kube yilapho zonke izimpawu ezivamile zivela.

Funa ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo uma ingane yakho ithuthukisa izimpawu ezinzima ezifana nobunzima bokuqeda umoya, ukuqabukela okukhulu okungenakuthululelwa, izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi emzimbeni, noma uma ukhathazekile ngesimo sayo jikelele. Themba izinzwa zakho zokuba yisizali – uma kukhona okubonakala kubi kakhulu, kuhlale kungcono ukukhetha ukuphepha.

Ukuxilongwa okusheshayo nokuphathwa kubalulekile ekuvinjeni izinkinga, ikakhulukazi izinkinga zenhliziyo. Uma ukhathazekile ngobuthi lukaKawasaki, ungangabazi ukulwela ingane yakho futhi ucele ukuhlolwa okuphelele, ngisho noma usuke ubona udokotela futhi ukushisa kuqhubeka.

Ziyini izinto ezingase zikhulise ingozi yobuthi lukaKawasaki?

Nakuba noma iyiphi ingane ingathuthukisa ubuthi lukaKawasaki, izici ezithile zingase zikhulise amathuba okukhula kwalesi simo. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zikhulise ingozi kungakusiza uhlale ulungile ezimpawu, nakuba ukuba nezinto ezingase zikhulise ingozi akusho ukuthi ingane yakho izokuthola ngokuqinisekile lesi sifo.

Izinto eziyinhloko ezingase zikhulise ingozi zifaka:

• Ubudala – Izingane ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-5 zithinteka kakhulu, ngokwanda okukhulu phakathi kweminyaka eyi-1-2
• Ubuzwe – Izingane zobuzwe base-Asia, ikakhulukazi i-Japanese ne-Korean, zinamazinga aphezulu
• Ubulili – Abantwana abayizilwane banamathuba amancane okukhula kwalesi simo kunamantombazane
• Umlando womndeni – Ukuba nomfowabo onobhuthi lukaKawasaki kukhuphula ingozi, nakuba kusengavamile
• Indawo yomhlaba – Amazinga aphezulu avela ezindaweni ezithile, ikakhulukazi e-Asia nasezindaweni zase-Asia emhlabeni jikelele

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izingane eziningi, ngisho nalabo abanazo izinto eziningi ezingase zikhulise ingozi, ngeke zithole ubuthi lukaKawasaki. Lezi zici zisiza odokotela ukuqonda izibonelo futhi bahlale belungile ezimpawu kubantu abasezingozini eziphezulu.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zibe khona ngenxa yobuthi lukaKawasaki?

Nakuba izingane eziningi ziyaphila ngokuphelele ngobuthi lukaKawasaki, ukukhathazeka okukhulu kakhulu yingozi yezinkinga zenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi uma lesi simo singaphathwa noma ukwelashwa kulibambezeleka. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zenzeke kungasiza ukugcizelela ukubaluleka kokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo.

Izinkinga eziyinhloko abagcini bezempilo abazilandela zifaka:

• Ama-coronary artery aneurysms – Ukuqina nokukhula kwezinsimbi zegazi zenhliziyo, okuvela cishe amaphesenti angu-25 ezimweni ezingaphathwanga kodwa wehla ngamaphesenti angu-3-5 ngokwelashwa okusheshayo
• Izinkinga zesivinini senhliziyo – Ukungalingani kwesivinini senhliziyo okungase kudinge ukulandelelwa okuqhubekayo
• Ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo (myocarditis) – Ukuqina kwemisipha yenhliziyo okungase kuthinte ukusebenza kwayo
• Izinkinga ze-valve – Izinkinga ngama-valve enhliziyo alawula ukugeleza kwegazi
• Ama-blood clots – Ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho izinsimbi zegazi zilimele khona

Ngokungavamile, ezinye izingane zingase zibe nobuhlungu bezingqondo, ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, noma ukuvuvukala kwe-gallbladder. Iningi lezi zinkinga liyavikeleka ngokwelashwa okusheshayo, kungakho kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu ngokushesha.

Ngokwelashwa okufanele, ingozi yezinkinga ezinzima zenhliziyo iyancipha kakhulu. Izingane eziningi ezithola ukwelashwa phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-10 zokuqala zesifo zinawo amaphuthuma emva kwesikhathi eside futhi zingabamba iqhaza kuzo zonke imisebenzi evamile yengane.

Ubuthi lukaKawasaki buxilongwa kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa kobuthi lukaKawasaki kungase kube nzima ngoba ayikho i-test eyodwa eqinisekisa lesi simo. Kunalokho, odokotela basebenzisa izindinganiso zezokwelapha eziqondene nezimpawu zengane yakho futhi bakhiphe ezinye izimo ezingase zibangele izimpawu ezifanayo.

Udokotela wakho uzohlola ingane yakho ngokucophelela futhi abukele ukuhlanganiswa kwezimpawu ezivamile. Uzobiza futhi ezinye izivivinyo ukuze asekele ukuxilongwa futhi ahlole izinkinga:

• Izivivinyo zegazi ukuhlola izimpawu zokuvuvukala, ezifana nokwanda kwesibalo se-white blood cell ne-C-reactive protein
• I-Echocardiogram (i-ultrasound yenhliziyo) ukuhlola ama-coronary arteries nokusebenza kwenhliziyo
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG) ukuhlola ukungalingani kwesivinini senhliziyo
• Izivivinyo zomchamo ukuqeda ezinye izifo zokutheleleka futhi uhlole i-protein emchameni
• Ukukhiqizwa komlomo noma ezinye izinto ezikhiqizwayo ukuqeda ukutheleleka kwamabhaktheriya

Ukuxilongwa kuvame ukwenziwa uma ingane inokushisa izinsuku eziyi-5 noma ngaphezulu kanye nezinye izici ezibalulekile eziyi-5. Kodwa-ke, odokotela abanolwazi bangase baxilongwe “ubuthi lukaKawasaki obungaphelele” uma izindinganiso ezimbalwa zitholwe kodwa isithombe jikelele sihambisana.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi axhumane nochwepheshe bezingane, ikakhulukazi ochwepheshe bezinhliziyo zezingane noma ochwepheshe be-rheumatologists, ukuze baqinisekise ukuxilongwa futhi bakhe uhlelo lokwelapha oluhle kakhulu lengane yakho.

Ukuphathwa kobuthi lukaKawasaki kuyini?

Ukuphathwa kobuthi lukaKawasaki kugxile ekuqedeni ukuvuvukala nasekuvinjeni izinkinga zenhliziyo. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uma ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha, kuphumelela kakhulu ekuvinjeni izinkinga ezinzima nokukusiza izingane ziphulukane ngokuphelele.

Ukuphathwa okuyinhloko iqembu lezokwelapha lengane yakho elizosebenzisa kufaka:

• I-Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) – Ukufakwa kwama-antibodies aphezulu okusiza ukuthula isistimu yokuzikhusela nokunciphisa ukuvuvukala
• I-Aspirin eningi – Isebenza ekuqaleni ekuqedeni ukuvuvukala nokushisa, bese iqhubeka ngamanani aphansi ukuvimba ama-blood clots
• Ama-Corticosteroids – Ngezinye izikhathi engeziwe ezinganeni ezisezingozini eziphezulu zezinkinga zenhliziyo noma labo abangaphenduli ekwelapheni okuqala
• Imithi eyengeziwe – Njenge-infliximab noma ezinye izidakamizwa eziqondisa isistimu yokuzikhusela ezimweni ezinzima noma ezilwa nokwelashwa

Ukuphathwa kuvame ukuqala esibhedlela, lapho ingane yakho ingalandelelwa eduze khona. Izingane eziningi ziqala ukuzizwa zilungile phakathi kwamahora angu-24-48 ngemuva kokuthola i-IVIG, ngokushisa okuqeda nokuqabukela okuthuthuka kakhulu.

Ubude bokwelashwa buyahluka, kodwa izingane eziningi zingaya ekhaya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa uma ukushisa sekuphelile futhi ziqine. Ukunakekelwa okulandelayo kubalulekile futhi kuzofaka ukulandelelwa njalo kwenhliziyo nge-echocardiograms ukuqinisekisa ukuthi azikho izinkinga ezithuthukayo.

Unganakekela kanjani ekhaya ngesikhathi sokuphulukana nobuthi lukaKawasaki?

Uma ingane yakho isibuya ekhaya esibhedlela, kunezindlela eziningi ezibalulekile ongayisekela ngazo ukuphulukana kwayo futhi uyisize izizwe ikhululekile. Ukuqondisa ukulandela imiyalo yeqembu lakho lezokwelapha ngenkathi unikeza ukunakekelwa okuthambile, okuthandekayo.

Nansi indlela ongayisiza ngayo ingane yakho ngesikhathi sokuphulukana:

• Ukuphathwa kwemithi – Nikeza i-aspirin ngokuqondile njengoba kuyalelwe, ngisho noma ingane yakho izizwa ilungile, futhi ungayeki ngaphandle kwemvume yodokotela
• Izindlela zokuthuthukisa ubuhlungu – Nikeza ukudla okuthambile, okupholisiwe ngomlomo oqabukile nohlangothi, futhi sebenzisa ama-lotions angenamoya ngesikhumba esikhiphayo
• Ukushintsha kwemisebenzi – Vumela ukudlala okuthulile nokuphumula njengoba kudingeka, kodwa gwema imisebenzi enzima yomzimba kuze kube yilapho udokotela ekhululekile
• Ukulandelela – Qaphela noma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha futhi ugcine uqaphele ukuthi ingane yakho izizwa kanjani usuku nosuku
• Imihlangano yokulandelela – Ungalokothi uphuthelwe imihlangano yokulandelela yochwepheshe bezinhliziyo, ngisho noma ingane yakho ibonakala iphilile ngokuphelele

Ingane yakho ingase ibe nokukhipha isikhumba eminweni nasezinzwini ngesikhathi sokuphulukana, okuvamile futhi akubuhlungu. Lokhu kuvame ukwenzeka emavikini angu-2-3 ngemuva kokuthi isifo siqale futhi sizozisombulula ngokwalo.

Kuyavame futhi ezinganeni ukuba zikhathele kakhulu emavikini amaningana ngemuva kobuthi lukaKawasaki. Vumela ukuphumula okuningi futhi ungakhathazeki uma ingane yakho idinga ukulala okuningi noma isikhathi sokuthula kunokuvamile ngesikhathi sokuphulukana.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani umhlangano wakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela imihlangano yezokwelapha yengane yakho kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nokukhathalelwa okuhle kakhulu okungenzeka. Ukuba uhlelile futhi ugcwele ngesikhathi sakho sokulungiselela kungenza umehluko omkhulu empumelelweni.

Ngaphambi komhlangano, butha lolu lwazi olubalulekile:

• Isikhathi sesimpawu – Bhala phansi ukuthi yini ngayinye yaqala nini, ihlale isikhathi esingakanani, nanoma yiziphi izinguquko ozibonile
• Amarekhodi okushisa – Gcina i-log yezimpawu zokushisa kwengane yakho, kufaka phakathi ukushisa okuqondile nezikhathi
• Ubufakazi bezithombe – Thatha izithombe zezimpumputhe, amehlo abomvu, noma ezinye izimpawu ezibonakalayo ukuze uzibonise udokotela
• Uhlu lwemithi – Faka yonke imithi, izongezelelo, nezinye izinto ozizame
• Uhlu lwemibuzo – Bhala phansi konke ukukhathazeka kwakho nemibuzo ukuze ungakhohlwa lutho olubalulekile

Ngesikhathi somhlangano, ungangabazi ukubuza imibuzo noma ucele incazelo uma ungaqondi lutho. Qiniseka ukuthi uyaqonda uhlelo lokwelapha, okufanele uqaphele khona ekhaya, nokuthi nini okufanele uxhumane nodokotela.

Uma ukhathazekile ngobuthi lukaKawasaki ngokukhethekile, khuluma nodokotela wakho. Nakuba bazocubungula amathuba amaningi, ukufaka kwakho mayelana nokukhathazeka okuqondile kungasiza ukuqondisa ukuhlolwa kwabo futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi akukho lutho olubalulekile olulahlekile.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu ngobuthi lukaKawasaki?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyikhumbule ngobuthi lukaKawasaki ukuthi ukuqaphela nokuphathwa okusheshayo kuholela ezimpumelelweni ezinhle kubantu abaningi bezingane. Nakuba lesi simo singase sibe yingozi, ikakhulukazi uma ingane yakho igulisiwe, imithi yanamuhla iyenze iphelele kakhulu.

Themba izinzwa zakho njengomzali. Uma ingane yakho inokushisa okuphezulu okuqhubekayo kanye nezinye izimpawu ezikhathazayo, ungangabazi ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Ukuphathwa okusheshayo kungavimbela izinkinga ezinzima futhi kusize ingane yakho ibuyele emisebenzini evamile ngokushesha.

Izingane eziningi ezithola ukwelashwa okusheshayo ngobuthi lukaKawasaki ziqhubeka ziphila impilo evamile, enempilo ngaphandle kwemiphumela ehlala njalo. Ngokunakekelwa okulandelayo nokugcinwa, ungaba nethemba lokuthi ingane yakho izophulukana ngokuphelele futhi ikhule.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Ngobuthi lukaKawasaki

UMbuzo 1: Ingabe ubuthi lukaKawasaki buthathwa?

Cha, ubuthi lukaKawasaki abuthathwa. Ingane yakho ayikwazi ukulithatha komunye umuntu, futhi ayikwazi ukulilulethela abafowabo, abangane bakubo, noma noma ubani omunye. Cishe kubangelwa impendulo engavamile yokuzikhusela ezinganeni ezithambekele ekuguleni, hhayi yisitho esithathekayo esisakazekayo kumuntu nomuntu.

UMbuzo 2: Ingabe abantu abadala bangathola ubuthi lukaKawasaki?

Ubuthi lukaKawasaki buthinta ikakhulu izingane, cishe amaphesenti angu-85 ezimo ezinganeni ezineminyaka engaphansi kwengu-5. Izimo zabantu abadala zingevami kakhulu, futhi uma zenzeka, zivame ukubizwa ngokuthi “i-Kawasaki-like syndrome.” Iningi lezimo liyenzeka ebuntwaneni.

UMbuzo 3: Ingabe ingane yami izodingeka ithathe i-aspirin phakade?

Izingane eziningi azidingeki zithathe i-aspirin isikhathi eside. Ubude buyahluka kuye kokuthi ingane yakho ithuthukisa yini izinkinga zenhliziyo. Uma kungekho zinkinga ze-coronary artery, i-aspirin ivame ukuyeka ngemuva kwamasonto angu-6-8. Izingane ezinezinkinga zenhliziyo zingase zidinge ukuqhubeka ne-aspirin isikhathi eside, kodwa lokhu kunqunywa ngumuntu ngamunye ngochwepheshe bezinhliziyo zezingane yakho.

UMbuzo 4: Ingabe ubuthi lukaKawasaki bungabuya?

Ukubuyela kobuthi lukaKawasaki akukho kuvame, kwenzeka kuphela cishe amaphesenti angu-1-3 ezinganeni ezibeke nazo ngaphambili. Uma ingane yakho ibeke nobuthi lukaKawasaki kanye, ayinakuphinda ibe nalo, kodwa kusabalulekile ukubuka izimpawu uma zithuthukisa ukushisa okuqhubekayo esikhathini esizayo.

UMbuzo 5: Ziyini imiphumela yasemuva kobuthi lukaKawasaki?

Izingane eziningi ezithola ukwelashwa okusheshayo azinawo imiphumela yasemuva futhi zingabamba iqhaza kuzo zonke imisebenzi evamile kufaka phakathi ezemidlalo. Izingane ezithuthukisa izinkinga ze-coronary artery zingase zidinge ukulandelelwa njalo kwenhliziyo futhi mhlawumbe ukulinganiselwa kwemisebenzi, kodwa ngisho nalabo bantwana bavame ukwenza kahle ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokugcinwa.