Izinkipiki Zempintsha Yini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

Izinkipiki zempintsha yizikhwama ezigcwele umfutho ezikhula phezu noma ngaphakathi kwempintsha yakho. Izinkipiki eziningi zempintsha zilula, azilimazi futhi azibangeli lutho futhi zitholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa okuvamile kwezithombe.

Zicabange njengezibhola zamanzi ezincane ezibambelele empintsheni yakho. Zivame kakhulu, ikakhulukazi njengoba ukhula. Eqinisweni, cishe ingxenye yabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 banokungenani inkipiki eyodwa yempintsha, futhi abaningi abazi lutho ngayo.

Ziyini izinkipiki zempintsha?

Izinkipiki zempintsha yizikhwama ezinobukhulu obujikelezile noma obukhulu obubunjwe ngomfutho ocacile, onamanzi. Zikhiqizwa lapho imiqhele emincane empintsheni yakho ivinjelwe futhi iqubuka ngomfutho, kufana nendlela ipayipi lokubhucunga lingase liqhude uma amanzi ebanjelwe endaweni eyodwa.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko okufanele uzibone. Izinkipiki ezilula yizona ezivamile kakhulu futhi azilimazi nhlobo, okusho ukuthi ngeke zikulimale. Izinkipiki eziyinkimbinkimbi azivamile futhi zingadinga ukulandelelwa eduze ngoba ngezinye izikhathi zingabonisa ezinye izimo.

Izinkipiki eziningi ezilula zempintsha zincinyane, kusukela ebukhulu bebhontshisi kuya ebukhulu bebhola le-ping pong. Ngokuvamile zihlala ebusweni bangaphandle lempintsha yakho noma ngaphansi nje kobuso bayo, zingenza lutho.

Ziyini izimpawu zezinkipiki zempintsha?

Iningi lezingcipiki zempintsha alibangeli zimpawu nhlobo. Ungaba nezinkipiki eziningi njengamanje uzizwe uphilile, okuyikho okwenzeka kubantu abaningi.

Nokho, izinkipiki ezinkulu noma ezikwezinye izindawo zingase zibangele ukungakhululeki. Nanka ongaqaphela uma izimpawu zikhula:

• Ubuhlungu obuthambile noma obukhulu emhlane, eceleni, noma esiswini esingaphezulu
• Ubuhlungu obuza futhi buhambe, ikakhulukazi ngemva komsebenzi womzimba
• Ukuzizwa ugcwele esiswini
• Ukuqina uma inkipiki iqubuka (lokhu kuyinselele)
• Igazi emathisini, nakuba lokhu kungavamile
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu ezimweni ezingavamile lapho izinkipiki zicindezela imithambo yegazi

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi lezi zimpawu zingezona ezivamile ngezinkipiki ezilula. Uma uhlushwa ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo emhlane noma esiswini, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuthi kubangelwa ezinye izimbangela ezivamile njengokucindezeleka kwemisipha noma amatshe empintsha.

Ziyini izinhlobo zezinkipiki zempintsha?

Izinkipiki zempintsha ziwela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili eziyinhloko ezisiza odokotela ukuthi baqonde ukuthi bangazwelapha kanjani. Izinkipiki ezilula yilona uhlobo oluhle oluvame ukubangela inkinga, kuyilapho izinkipiki eziyinkimbinkimbi zidinga ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe.

Izinkipiki ezilula zijikeleze ngokuphelele, zinezinhlangothi ezinqunu, futhi zigcwele umfutho ocacile kuphela. Zifana nezibhola zamanzi ezingalimi futhi zenze cishe u-95% wazo zonke izinkipiki zempintsha. Lezi zinkipiki azikhula zibe umdlavuza futhi azidingi ukwelashwa.

Izinkipiki eziyinkimbinkimbi zinezinhlangothi ezinqunu, imiklamo engajikelezi, noma zingaba nomthamo oqinile kanye nomfutho. Odokotela basebenzisa uhlelo lokwahlukanisa oluthiwa yi-Bosniak ukuhlola izinkipiki eziyinkimbinkimbi kusukela ku-I kuya ku-IV, izinombolo eziphezulu zibonisa isidingo esikhulu sokulandelela noma ukwelapha.

Kukhona nesimo sokuzalwa esithi i-polycystic kidney disease lapho izinkipiki eziningi zikhula kuzo zombili izintsha. Lokhu kuhlukile kakhulu ekubeni nezinkipiki ezimbalwa ezilula futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okukhethekile.

Yini ebangela izinkipiki zempintsha?

Isizathu esiqondile sokuthi kungani izinkipiki zempintsha zikhiqizwa asiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa odokotela bakholelwa ukuthi zikhula lapho imiqhele emincane empintsheni yakho ivinjelwe. Cabanga ngakho njengokuvimba okuncane ohlelweni lokuphehla lempintsha yakho.

Ubudala yiyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhuleni kwenkipiki. Njengoba ukhula, ukugqwala okuvamile kwempintsha yakho kungakha le miqhele kalula. Kungakho izinkipiki zempintsha ziya zivame ngemva kweminyaka engama-40.

Nazi izinto eziyinhloko ezingase zifake isandla ekwakheni kwenkipiki:

• Inkqubo yokuguga yemvelo ethonya ubukhulu lempintsha
• Ukulimala okuncane kwempintsha noma ukutheleleka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Izinto zofuzo, nakuba izinkipiki eziningi ezilula azitholwa
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu, olungase lufaka isandla ekuguquleni kwempintsha
• Amatshe empintsha noma ezinye izimo zempintsha
• Imithi ethile esetshenziswa isikhathi eside, nakuba lokhu kungavamile

Ezimeni eziningi, izinkipiki zempintsha zikhula ngokungahleliwe ngaphandle kwesizathu esithile. Yilokho nje okwenzeka njengengxenye yokuguga okuvamile, njengokuthola izinwele ezimhlophe noma ukudinga izibuko zokufunda.

Nini okufanele ubone udokotela ngezinkipiki zempintsha?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlushwa ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo emhlane, eceleni, noma esiswini esingapheli ngokuphumula. Nakuba lobu buhlungu bungase bungabi luvela ezinkipikini zempintsha, kufanele uhlolwe ukuze kuvinjwe ezinye izimo.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uqaphela igazi emathisini, uthola ukuqina kanye nobuhlungu emhlane, noma uhlushwa ubuhlungu obukhulu, obukhulu esiswini noma emhlane. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa inkinga yenkipiki noma enye inkinga yempintsha edinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha.

Uma usuvele utholakala unezinkipiki zempintsha, xelela udokotela wakho uma izimpawu zakho zishintsha noma zibe zimbi. Ukuvakasha okuvamile kokulandelela kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkipiki zakho zihlala ziqondile futhi azibangeli zinkinga ezintsha.

Ungakhathazeki uma ukuhlolwa okuvamile kuthola izinkipiki zempintsha obungazazi. Lokhu kwenzeka njalo, futhi udokotela wakho uzokucacisela ukuthi ngabe kukhona ukulandelela noma ukwelapha okudingekayo ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni nobukhulu bezinkipiki ezitholakele.

Ziyini izinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini yezinkipiki zempintsha?

Ukuqonda izinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini kungakusiza ukuchaza ukuthi kungani izinkipiki zempintsha zikhula, nakuba ukuba nezinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini akusho ukuthi uzoba nezinkipiki ngokuqinisekile. Ubudala buhlala buyinto ebaluleke kakhulu okufanele uyazi.

Nazi izinto eziyinhloko ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini yokukhula kwezinkipiki zempintsha:

• Ukuba ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 (ingozi iyakhula kakhulu ngokukhula kweminyaka)
• Ukuba owesilisa (abesilisa bakhula izinkipiki kancane kunabesifazane)
• Ukuba noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu iminyaka eminingi
• Umlando womndeni we-polycystic kidney disease
• Ukutheleleka kwempintsha noma isifo sempintsha esikhathini esidlule
• Ukuphathwa kokudla okungapheli
• Ezinye izimo zofuzo ezihlobene nokuthuthukiswa kwempintsha

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukuba nalezi zinto ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini akusho ukuthi udinga ukukhathazeka. Izinkipiki ezilula zempintsha zivame kakhulu futhi zingenamsebenzi kangangoba zibhekwa njengengxenye yokuqala yokuguga kwabantu abaningi.

Ziyini izinselele ezingase zibangelwe izinkipiki zempintsha?

Izinselele ezivela ezinkipikini ezilula zempintsha zimbalwa kakhulu, kodwa kuwusizo ukwazi izimpawu okufanele uzibone. Abantu abaningi abanezinkipiki zempintsha abazange babe nazinselele nhlobo.

Uma izinselele zenzeka, ngokuvamile zihilela izinkipiki ezinkulu noma ezikwezinye izindawo ezinzima. Nanka ongaqaphela ezimweni ezingavamile:

• Ukutheleleka kwenkipiki, kubangela ukuqina, ukuthamba, nobuhlungu obukhulu emhlane
• Ukuqhekeka kwenkipiki, okuholela ebuhlungwini obukhulu ngokushesha nokubola kwegazi yangaphakathi
• Ukuvinjelwa kokujika komchamo uma inkipiki icindezela i-ureter
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu uma izinkipiki zicindezela imithambo yegazi (okungavamile kakhulu)
• Izinselele zokusebenza kwempintsha uma izinkipiki eziningi ezinkulu zicindezela inyama enempilo

Lezi zinselele zizwakala zikhathaza, kodwa zingezona ezivamile ngezinkipiki ezilula. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuhlola ingozi yakho ngokusekelwe ebukhulu, endaweni, nenenani lezingcipiki onazo.

Izinkipiki eziyinkimbinkimbi zinezindlela ezingase zikwenze ube sengozini enkulu yezinselele, kungakho odokotela bezilandela eduze. Ngisho noma kunjalo, izinkipiki eziningi eziyinkimbinkimbi zihlala ziqondile futhi azibangeli zinkinga.

Zingavimbeka kanjani izinkipiki zempintsha?

Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela ebonakalayo yokuvimbela izinkipiki ezilula zempintsha njengoba zihlanganiswe kakhulu nezinqubo zokuguga okuvamile. Nokho, ukugcina impilo enhle yempintsha kungasekele ukusebenza kwempintsha yakho.

Gxilisa ekuziphatheni okuhlanza impintsha yakho. Ukugcina umzimba ugcwele amanzi, ukuphatha uxinzelelo lwegazi, nokugwema ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwemithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu okungelona iresiphi kungasekele impilo yempintsha, nakuba ngeke kuvimbele izinkipiki ngokuqondile.

Uma unomlando womndeni we-polycystic kidney disease, ukwelulekwa ngezinto zofuzo kungase kube usizo ekwenzeni izinqumo zokuhlela umndeni. Nokho, lesi simo sokuzalwa sihlukile kakhulu ezinkipikini ezilula ezivamile abantu abaningi abazithola.

Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwempilo kungasiza ekutholeni izinkipiki zempintsha ngokushesha uma zikhula, kuvumela ukulandelela okufanele nokunakekelwa uma kudingeka.

Izinkipiki zempintsha zitholakala kanjani?

Izinkipiki zempintsha zitholakala ngengozi ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezithombe okwenziwa ngezinye izizathu. Lokhu kungase kwenzeke ngesikhathi sokwenza i-ultrasound, i-CT scan, noma i-MRI eyenziwe ukuhlola izimpawu ezingahlobene noma njengengxenye yokuhlola okuvamile.

Udokotela wakho uzokuqala nge-ultrasound uma kukhona izinkipiki zempintsha ezitholakele. Lolu hlolo olungezi luhlu olusebenzisa amaza omsindo ukwenza izithombe zezintsha zakho futhi lungathola kalula izinkipiki futhi lunqume ubukhulu bazo nezici zazo.

Uma i-ultrasound ibonisa izici eziyinkimbinkimbi noma uma udokotela wakho edinga ulwazi oluqondile, kungase kunconywe ukuhlolwa kwezithombe okwengeziwe. I-CT scan noma i-MRI inganikeza izithombe ezicacile futhi isize ekuhlukaniseni izinkipiki ezilula neziyinkimbinkimbi.

Izivivinyo zegazi nemathisi zingase zenziwe ukuhlola ukusebenza kwempintsha yakho, kodwa lezi zivivinyo azitholi izinkipiki ngokuqondile. Zisiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde ukuthi izintsha zakho zisebenza kahle kangakanani ngokujwayelekile.

Ukuphathwa kwezinkipiki zempintsha kuyini?

Izinkipiki eziningi ezilula zempintsha azidingi ukwelashwa nhlobo. Uma izinkipiki zakho zingabangeli zimpawu futhi zibonakala zingenamsebenzi ekuhlolweni kwezithombe, udokotela wakho uzokuncoma indlela "yokubuka nokulinda".

Ukuphathwa kuba yinto edingekayo kuphela uma izinkipiki zibangela izimpawu noma izinselele eziqhubekayo. Nazi izinketho udokotela wakho angazicabangela uma ukwelashwa kudingeka:

• I-Sclerotherapy: ukukhipha inkipiki nokufaka utshwala ukuvimbela ukugcwaliswa kabusha
• Ukususa ngokusebenza: ngezinkipiki ezinkulu, ezinzima, noma eziyinkimbinkimbi
• I-Laparoscopic cyst decortication: ukusebenza okuncane ukuze kususwe izindonga zenkipiki
• Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu: imithi yokulawula ukungakhululeki okuvela ezinkipikini ezinkulu
• Ukuphathwa kwezinselele: ama-antibiotics ngezifo, izinqubo zokubola kwegazi

Ukukhethwa kokwelapha kuncike ebukhulu, endaweni, ezimpawu, nasempilweni yakho yonke. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngengozi nezinzuzo zayo yonke inketho uma ukwelashwa kudingeka.

Ngezinkipiki eziyinkimbinkimbi, izinqumo zokwelapha ziyahlukahluka futhi zingase zihilele ukuxhumana nochwepheshe njengabachwepheshe be-urology noma abachwepheshe be-interventional radiology.

Indlela yokuphatha izinkipiki zempintsha ekhaya?

Uma izinkipiki zakho zempintsha zingabangeli zimpawu, ungaqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho evamile ngaphandle kwezinyathelo ezikhethekile. Abantu abaningi abanezinkipiki zempintsha baphila impilo evamile ngokuphelele.

Ngokungakhululeki okuncane okuvela ezinkipikini ezinkulu, imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu engelona iresiphi njenge-acetaminophen ingasiza. Nokho, gwema ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-ibuprofen noma ezinye i-NSAIDs, njengoba lezi zingathinta ukusebenza kwempintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ukugcina umzimba ugcwele amanzi kusekela impilo yempintsha yonke, nakuba ngeke kunciphise izinkipiki ezikhona. Hlose iziglasi ezingaba ngu-8 zamanzi nsuku zonke ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho ekuncoma okunye.

Landelela izimpawu zakho futhi ugcine umbhalo wanoma yiziphi izinguquko. Uma uqaphela ubuhlungu obusha, igazi emathisini, noma ukuqina, xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha kunokuzimisela ukuphatha lezi zimpawu ekhaya.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho, bhala phansi noma yiziphi izimpawu ozihlushwa yizo, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi yini ezizenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi. Ngisho nezimpawu ezincane kufanele zikhulunywe.

Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke nezinhlanganisela oziphuzayo, kanye nanoma yimaphi ama-reports ezithombe zakamuva uma unayo. Udokotela wakho uzofuna ukwazi nganoma yimuphi umlando womndeni wesifo sempintsha noma izinkipiki.

Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nesimo sakho esithile. Ungase ufune ukubuza ngezikhathi zokulandelela, ukumisa imisebenzi, noma yiziphi izimpawu okufanele zikhuthaze ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ungangabazi ukucela incazelo mayelana nanoma yini ongayiqondi. Udokotela wakho ufuna ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uzizwa ukhululekile futhi ulwazi mayelana nezinkipiki zakho zempintsha.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana nezinkipiki zempintsha?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi izinkipiki ezilula zempintsha zivame kakhulu futhi cishe azilimazi nhlobo. Uma utholakala unezinkipiki zempintsha, lokhu akusho ukuthi une-sickness yempintsha noma ukuthi impilo yakho isengozini.

Abantu abaningi abanezinkipiki zempintsha abadingi ukwelashwa futhi bangaphila impilo evamile, enempilo. Ukulandelela okuvamile, uma kunconywe, kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izinkipiki zakho zihlala ziqondile futhi azibangeli zinkinga.

Gxilisa ekugcineni impilo enhle yonke kunokukhathazeka ngezinkipiki zakho. Gcina umzimba ugcwele amanzi, phatha uxinzelelo lwegazi, futhi ulandele udokotela wakho njengoba kunconywe. Izinkipiki zakho zempintsha cishe zingabukhambi nje ezintsheni zakho ezine-sickness.

Imibuzo evamile mayelana nezinkipiki zempintsha

Ingabe izinkipiki zempintsha zingaguquka zibe umdlavuza?

Izinkipiki ezilula zempintsha azikwazi ukuguquka zibe umdlavuza. Azilimazi nhlobo futhi ngeke zibe yizifo ezimbi. Nokho, izinkipiki eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinemiklamo engajwayelekile zingadinga ukulandelelwa eduze ukuze kuvinjwe ezinye izimo. Udokotela wakho anganquma ukuthi uhlobo luni lwezinkipiki onalo ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yokuhlolwa kwezithombe.

Ingabe izinkipiki zempintsha zithinta ukusebenza kwempintsha?

Izinkipiki ezilula zempintsha azivami ukuphazamisa ukusebenza kwempintsha, ngisho noma unazo eziningi. Izintsha zakho zinekhono elikhulu lokugcina, ngakho izinkipiki ezimbalwa ngeke zithinte ukuthi zisebenza kahle kangakanani. Kwezinye izikhathi ezimbalwa kuphela ngezinkipiki eziningi ezinkulu ukusebenza kwempintsha kungase kuphazamiseke.

Ingabe izinkipiki zempintsha zami ziyokhula ngokuhamba kwesikhathi?

Ezinye izinkipiki zempintsha zikhula kancane eminyakeni eminingi, kuyilapho ezinye zihlala zinobukhulu obufanayo isikhathi eside. Ukukhula okuningi kuya kancane futhi akubangeli zinkinga. Udokotela wakho uzolandelela noma yiziphi izinguquko ebukhulu ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwezithombe zokulandelela futhi akuazise uma ukukhula kuya kuba yinkinga.

Ngingasebenza ngokujwayelekile ngezinkipiki zempintsha?

Yebo, ngokuvamile ungasebenza ngokujwayelekile ngezinkipiki zempintsha. Izinkipiki ezilula azidingi ukumisa imisebenzi kubantu abaningi. Nokho, uma unezinkipiki ezinkulu noma uhlushwa ubuhlungu ngesikhathi semisebenzi ethile, xoxa ngokuguqulwa komsebenzi ofanele nodokotela wakho.

Kwangaphi okufanele ngenze ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kwezinkipiki zempintsha?

Izinkipiki ezilula azivami ukudinga ukuhlolwa kokulandelela okuvamile uma seziqondwe njengezingenamsebenzi. Izinkipiki eziyinkimbinkimbi zingadinga ukulandelelwa njalo ngenyanga engama-6-12 ekuqaleni, bese kuba kancane uma zihlala ziqondile. Udokotela wakho uzoqamba uhlelo lokulandelela olufanele isidingo sakho.