Ubuthi be-Legionnaires' Disease? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

Ubuthi be-Legionnaires' disease luyisifo esibi se-pneumonia obubangelwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa nge-Legionella. Lolu tshona lwemiphunga luqala uma uphefumula amaconsi amanzi aneleli bhaktheriya, ehlala ngokwemvelo ezimisweni zamanzi njengemithunzi yokuphola, ama-hot tub, kanye ne-plumbing.

Nakuba igama lingase lizwakale liyesabekayo, ukuqonda lesi simo kungakusiza ukuthi ubone izimpawu ngokushesha bese ufuna ukunakekelwa okufanele. Abantu abaningi abaphilile abavezwe yi-Legionella abaguli, kodwa uma kwenzeka ukutheleleka, ukwelashwa ngokushesha ngama-antibiotics kuphumelela kakhulu.

Iyini i-Legionnaires' Disease?

I-Legionnaires' disease yitshona lwemiphunga lebhaktheriya elithinta uhlelo lwakho lokuphefumula njengezinye izinhlobo ze-pneumonia. Ibhaktheriya ye-Legionella iphindaphinda ezindaweni zamanzi afudumele futhi ibeka isifo uma amaconsi amancane amanzi athelelekile ephefumulelwa emaphaphwini akho.

Lesi simo sifumana igama laso ekuqhakambeni kuka-1976 emhlanganweni we-American Legion ePhiladelphia. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, odokotela baye bafunda okuningi mayelana nendlela yokuvimbela, ukuxilonga, nokuphatha lesi sitshona ngokuphumelelayo.

Isifo sivame ukuqala ezinsukwini eziyi-2 kuya kweziyi-10 ngemuva kokubekwa ebhaktheriyani. Uhlelo lwakho lokulwa nezifo luvame ukulwa nezingxenye ezincane ze-Legionella, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ibhaktheriya inganqoba ukuvikela komzimba wakho futhi ibe yimbangela yokutheleleka.

Ziyini Izimpawu ze-Legionnaires' Disease?

Izimpawu ze-Legionnaires' disease zivame ukuqala kancane kancane futhi zingazizwa zifana nezinye izifo zokuphefumula. Ukuqaphela ngokushesha kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okufanele ngokushesha.

Izimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqina komkhuhlane, ngokuvamile kufinyelela ku-104°F (40°C) noma ngaphezulu
• Ukuthandaza kanye nobuhlungu bemisipha emzimbeni wakho wonke
• Ukuhlanza okungase kukhiqize ukhulu noma igazi
• Ukuphefumula okufushane, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somsebenzi
• Ubuhlungu obunzima esifubeni obukhula uma uphefumula ngokujulile
• Izinhlungu zekhanda ezinzima
• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka

Abanye abantu nabo bathuthukisa izimpawu zesisu njengokuphefumula, ukugabha, noma isifo sohudo. Lezi zimpawu zesisu zingasiza ekuhlukaniseni i-Legionnaires' disease kwezinye izinhlobo ze-pneumonia.

Ngokungavamile, ungase uhlangabezane nokudideka, ukushintsha emoyeni, noma izinkinga zokuxhumanisa. Lezi zimpawu zezinzwa zenzeka ngoba ukutheleleka kungathinta uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa, ikakhulukazi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.

Ziyini Izinhlobo ze-Legionnaires' Disease?

Ibhaktheriya ye-Legionella ingabangela izinhlobo ezimbili zezifo ezahlukene, ngayinye inezinga lokuthandaza nezimpawu ezahlukene. Ukuqonda lezi zici kusiza ekuchazeni ukuthi kungani abanye abantu begula kakhulu kanti abanye banezimpawu ezilula.

I-Legionnaires' disease imele uhlobo olukhulu, olubeka i-pneumonia ngezimpawu ezichazwe ngenhla. Lolu hlobo ludinga ukungena esibhedlela nokwelashwa ngama-antibiotics ezimweni eziningi.

Ukuqina komkhuhlane kuyindlela elula efana nesifo soflu ngaphandle kwe-pneumonia. Abantu abane-Pontiac fever ngokuvamile bahlangabezana nokuqina komkhuhlane, izinhlungu zekhanda, nobuhlungu bemisipha obuqeda ngokwabo ezinsukwini eziyi-2 kuya kweziyi-5 ngaphandle kokwelashwa okuqondile.

Zoma zombili izimo zivela ekuvezweni ebhaktheriya efanayo ye-Legionella. Umehluko ekuthandaneni ngokuvamile uqondene nezici ezinjengobudala bakho, impilo yonke, namandla ohlelo lwakho lokulwa nezifo.

Yini ebangela i-Legionnaires' Disease?

I-Legionnaires' disease iqala uma uphefumula amaconsi amanzi athelelekile ebhaktheriya ye-Legionella. Leli bhaktheriya livela ngokwemvelo ezindaweni zamanzi ezihlanzekile kodwa liba yinkinga uma liphindaphinda ezimisweni zamanzi ezenziwe ngabantu.

Imithombo evamile yokutheleleka ihlanganisa:

• Imithunzi yokuphola kanye nezinhlelo zokuphola emoyeni ezakhiweni ezinkulu
• Ama-hot tub nama-spas, ikakhulukazi lawo anganakekelwa kahle
• Imithombo yokuhlobisa namanzi
• Izingxenyana zamanzi ashisayo nama-heater
• Izinhlelo ze-plumbing emahhotela, ezibhedlela, noma emikhunjini
• Izinhlelo zokumisa emakhasini
• Amachibi okugeza ane-chlorination enganele

Ibhaktheriya ye-Legionella ihlala emazingeni okushisa amanzi afudumele phakathi kuka-68°F no-113°F (20°C kuya ku-45°C). Iphindaphinda ngokushesha uma izinhlelo zamanzi zingacociwe futhi zingagcotshwe kahle.

Awukwazi ukuthola i-Legionnaires' disease ngokuxhumana komuntu nomuntu noma ngokusela amanzi athelelekile. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka kuphela uma uphefumula amaconsi amancane amanzi anebhaktheriya.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Nge-Legionnaires' Disease?

Kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uthuthukisa izimpawu ezifana ne-pneumonia, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokubekwa ezimisweni zamanzi ezingcolile. Ukuxilonga nokwelashwa ngokushesha kuphumelela kakhulu.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokuqina komkhuhlane ngokuthandaza, ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo, noma ukuphefumula okunzima. Lezi zimpawu zidinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi uma zivela ngokushesha noma zibe zimbi ngokushesha.

Funani ukunakekelwa okuphaphandayo uma une-shortness of breath enzima, ubuhlungu esifubeni, ukudideka, noma noma yiziphi izimpawu zesifo esinzima. Abantu abanezimpande zezimpande ezithambile noma izimo zempilo ezingapheli kufanele baqaphele kakhulu mayelana nokufuna ukunakekelwa.

Uma usanda kuhlala ehhotela, ube ohambweni, noma uvakashele izindawo ezinamachibi amanzi, khuluma ngalokhu kuvezwa kumhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Lolu lwazi lusiza odokotela ukuthi bacabange nge-Legionnaires' disease ekuxilongeni kwabo.

Ziyini Izici Zengozi ze-Legionnaires' Disease?

Nakuba noma ubani angathuthukisa i-Legionnaires' disease, izici ezithile zikhuphula ingozi yakho yokutheleleka nesifo esinzima. Ukuqonda lezi zici zengozi kusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele.

Ubudala buqala indima ebalulekile, ngabantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-50 ababhekene nengozi enkulu yokutheleleka. Uhlelo lwakho lokulwa nezifo luya buthamba ngokwemvelo ngokweminyaka, okwenza kube nzima ukulwa nezifo zebhaktheriya ezinjenge-Legionella.

Izimo zempilo ezikhuphula ingozi yakho zihlanganisa:

• Izifo zemiphunga ezingapheli ezinjenge-COPD noma i-asthma
• Uhlelo lokulwa nezifo oluthambile oluvela emithi noma esifweni
• I-Diabetes noma isifo sokugaya
• Isifo senhliziyo noma ezinye izimo ze-cardiovascular
• Umshuza noma ukwelashwa komdlavuza
• Ukusikwa komzimba muva nje

Izici zokuphila nazo zithinta ingozi yakho. Ukubhema kulimaza ukuvikela kwemiphunga yakho ngokwemvelo ebaktheriya, kuyilapho ukusebenzisa utshwala kakhulu kungalimaza amandla ohlelo lwakho lokulwa nezifo ekulweni nezifo.

Imisebenzi ethile noma imisebenzi ingase ikhuphule ingozi yokuvezwa, kuhlanganise nomsebenzi wokulungisa ezimisweni zamanzi, umsebenzi wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo, noma ukuhamba njalo emahhotela nasezindaweni zokuphumula.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingenzeka ze-Legionnaires' Disease?

Abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele e-Legionnaires' disease ngokwelashwa okufanele ngama-antibiotics. Noma kunjalo, abanye abantu bangase bahlangabezane nezingozi, ikakhulukazi uma ukwelashwa kulibaziseka noma uma benesimo sempilo esingapheli.

Izingozi zokuphefumula zingathuthuka uma ukutheleleka kuya emaphaphwini akho. Ungase uhlangabezane nobunzima bokuphefumula obuqhubekayo, ukuhlanza okuqhubekayo, noma ukusebenza kwemiphunga okuyehla okuthatha amasonto noma izinyanga ukuze kuphumelele ngokuphelele.

Izingozi ezinkulu zingabandakanya:

• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula okudinga ukuphefumula okuzenzakalelayo
• I-Septic shock evela ebhaktheriya esakazekayo egazini lakho
• Ukwehluleka kwesibindi ngenxa yokutheleleka okunzima
• Ukuvuvukala kwengqondo okubangela ukudideka noma ukubamba
• Ukungahambi kahle komjikelezo wenhliziyo

Ingozi yezingozi iyanda ngobudala, ukwelashwa okulibazisekile, noma ukuba khona kwezimo zempilo ezingapheli. Abantu abanezimpande zezimpande ezithambile babhekene nengozi enkulu yezingozi ezinkulu.

Ngokuqaphela ngokushesha nokuphathwa okufanele, izingozi ezinkulu zimbalwa. Abantu abaningi abamukela ama-antibiotics afanele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa zokuqala besifo bayaphila ngaphandle kwemiphumela ende.

I-Legionnaires' Disease Ingavikeleka Kanjani?

Ukuvimbela kugxile ekugcineni izinhlelo zamanzi ezihlanzekile nokugwema ukuvezwa emithonjeni yamanzi athelelekile. Nakuba ungakwazi ukulawula zonke izici zemvelo, ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yakho.

Uma uhamba, khetha amahhotela nezindawo ezinegama elihle ezigcina izinhlelo zazo zamanzi kahle. Gwema ama-hot tub noma ama-spas abonakala engcolile noma anezinongo ezinzima zekhemikhali, okungase kubonise ukunakekelwa okungalungile.

Ekhaya lakho, unganciphisa ingozi ngokuthi:

• Ugcine i-heater yakho yamanzi ashisayo ku-140°F (60°C)
• Ucoce njalo futhi ugcine ama-hot tub noma ama-spas
• Ugcine izinhlelo zamanzi ngemuva kokungabikho isikhathi eside
• Uqinisekise ukuthi kukhona umoya omuhle emakameleni okugeza nasezikhitshini
• Ushintshe amakhanda okugeza nama-faucet aerators njalo

Uma usebenza ekulungiseni noma ezinakekelweni zezempilo, landela izinqubo zokuphepha ezifanele uma usebenza nezinhlelo zamanzi. Sebenzisa imishini yokulinda efanele futhi uqinisekise ukuthi izinhlelo zicociwe kahle.

Iminyango yezempilo yeningi isebenza nabanikazi bezakhiwo ukuvimbela ukuqhakambisa ngokuqinisekisa ukugcinwa kahle kwesistimu yamanzi nokubuka.

I-Legionnaires' Disease Ixilongwa Kanjani?

Ukuxilonga i-Legionnaires' disease kudinga ukuhlolwa okuqondile ngoba izimpawu zingafana nezinye izinhlobo ze-pneumonia. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokubuka izimpawu zakho nomlando wokubekwa.

Ukuhlolwa komzimba kugxile emaphaphwini akho nasekuphefumuleni. Udokotela wakho uzolalela isifuba sakho nge-stethoscope ukuthola imisindo engavamile ebonisa i-pneumonia.

Izivivinyo zelebhu zisiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuxilongwa:

• I-Urine antigen test ithola amaprotheni e-Legionella emanzini akho
• I-Sputum culture ikhula ibhaktheriya ekuhlanzweni kwemiphunga yakho
• Izivivinyo zegazi zibuke ama-antibodies e-Legionella
• I-PCR testing ithola i-Legionella DNA emasampulini okuphefumula

Ama-X-rays esifuba noma ama-CT scans abonisa izici ze-pneumonia emaphaphwini akho. Lezi zivivinyo zokuthola izithombe zisiza odokotela ukuthi bahlole ubukhulu bokutholakala nokubuka impendulo yakho ekwelapheni.

I-Urine antigen test inikeza imiphumela esheshayo, ngokuvamile itholakala emahoreni ambalwa. Noma kunjalo, lo mvivinyo uthola uhlobo oluvamile lwe-Legionella kuphela, ngakho-ke kungase kudingeke ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe.

Uyini Ukwelapha kwe-Legionnaires' Disease?

Ama-Antibiotics yiwona ukwelapha okuphambili kwe-Legionnaires' disease, futhi ukwelashwa ngokushesha kuholela ezimpumelelweni ezinhle. Abantu abaningi badinga ukungena esibhedlela ukuze balandelelwe eduze futhi banikezwe ama-antibiotics nge-intravenous.

Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzobhala ama-antibiotics asebenza kahle ebhaktheriya ye-Legionella. Okukhethwa kukho okuvamile kuhlanganisa i-azithromycin, i-levofloxacin, noma i-doxycycline, kuye ngesimo sakho esithile nezimo zempilo.

Isikhathi sokwelashwa sivame ukuba izinsuku eziyi-7 kuya kweziyi-10, nakuba abanye abantu bengase badinge izikhathi ezinde. Uzokwazi ukuzizwa ukhulu ezinsukwini eziyi-2 kuya kweziyi-3 zokuqala kwama-antibiotics, kodwa ukuphulukiswa okuphelele kungathatha amasonto ambalwa.

Ukukhathalela okusekela kusiza ekulawuleni izimpawu ngenkathi ama-antibiotics elwa nokutheleleka:

• Ukwelashwa nge-oksijini uma unezinkinga zokuphefumula
• Amanzi e-IV ukuvimbela ukuphelelwa amanzi
• Imithi yokunciphisa umkhuhlane ukuze ududuze
• Ukwelashwa kokuphefumula ukuze kusize ekuhlanzweni kwe-lung secretions

Izimo ezinkulu zingase zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhulu ngokuphefumula okuzenzakalelayo. Abantu abaningi bayaphendula kahle ekwelapheni, kodwa isikhathi sokuphulukiswa sihluka kuye ngobudala bakho, impilo yonke, nokuthi ukwelashwa kuqalile nini.

Indlela Yokuthatha Ukwelapha Ekhaya Ngesikhathi se-Legionnaires' Disease?

Abanye abantu abane-Legionnaires' disease elula bangase baphile ekhaya ngama-antibiotics omdlandla, nakuba izimo eziningi zidinga ukungena esibhedlela ekuqaleni. Landela imiyalo yodokotela wakho ngokucophelela futhi uqaphele izimpawu zakho eduze.

Thatha ama-antibiotics akho acashunwe ngqo njengoba kuqondiswe, ngisho noma uqala ukuzizwa ukhulu. Ukuqeda ikhosi ephelele kuvimbela ukutheleleka ukubuya futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokumelana nama-antibiotics.

Ukuphumula kubalulekile ekuphulukiseni. Umzimba wakho udinga amandla ukulwa nokutheleleka, ngakho-ke uthole ubuthongo obukhulu futhi ugweme imisebenzi enzima kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekukhulula ukubuyela emisebenzini evamile.

Hlala uthambile ngokusela amanzi amaningi, ikakhulukazi amanzi. Ukugcwala kahle kusiza ekuthambiseni ukukhipha kwemiphunga futhi kusekela ukulwa kohlelo lwakho lokulwa nezifo ebhaktheriya.

Qaphela izimpawu zakho futhi ufunani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokuqina komkhuhlane, ukuphefumula okunzima, ubuhlungu esifubeni, noma ukudideka. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise izingozi ezidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Kulodokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuya kwakho kudolotela kusiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi udokotela wakho uthola lonke ulwazi oludinga ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa okuqondile. Qala ngokubhala izimpawu zakho, kuhlanganise nokuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani.

Dala isikhathi esiningi sokuvezwa okungenzeka. Qaphela noma yikuphi ukuhamba kwamuva, ukuhlala emahhotela, uhambo lwemikhumbi, noma ukuvakashela izindawo ezinama-hot tubs, imithombo, noma izinhlelo zokuphola emavikini amabili adlule.

Letha ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana nempilo yakho:

• Uhlu oluphelele lwemiithi nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa kwamanje
• Umbhalo wezokwelapha kuhlanganise nezimo ezingapheli
• Ukungeniswa esibhedlela muva nje noma izinqubo zezokwelapha
• Ukwehluleka okwaziwayo emithi
• Ulwazi loku-inshorensi nokubona

Bhala imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho. Cabanga ukubuza ngezinketho zokwelapha, isikhathi esilindelekile sokuphulukiswa, nini okufanele ufunani ukunakekelwa okuphaphandayo, nanoma yimiphi imikhawulo yomsebenzi.

Letha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani uma kungenzeka. Bangasiza ekukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngesikhathi sokuya kwakho, ikakhulukazi uma uzizwa ugula kakhulu.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko Mayelana ne-Legionnaires' Disease?

I-Legionnaires' disease yitshona lwemiphunga elibi kodwa eliphulukiswayo eliphendula kahle kuma-antibiotics uma libambe ngokushesha. Nakuba lesi simo singaba sibi, abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha.

Ukuze uthole imiphumela emihle, kubalulekile ukuqaphela izimpawu ngokushesha futhi ufunani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Uma uthuthukisa izimpawu ezifana ne-pneumonia, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokubekwa ezimisweni zamanzi, ungangabazi ukuxhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Ukuvimbela kuhilela ukuqaphela imithombo engase ibe khona nokugcina ukuhlanzeka okuhle kwesistimu yamanzi. Nakuba ungakwazi ukususa zonke izingozi, ukuqonda lesi simo kusiza ukuthi wenze izinqumo ezilwemi mayelana nempilo yakho nokulondeka kwakho.

Khumbula ukuthi i-Legionnaires' disease ayithatheki phakathi kwabantu, ngakho-ke awudingi ukukhathazeka ngokuyisakaza kubalandeli bakho noma abangane. Gxila ekutholeni ukwelashwa okufanele nokulandela izincomo zedokotela wakho zokwelapha.

Imibuzo Evamile Mayelana ne-Legionnaires' Disease

Ungayithola yini i-Legionnaires' disease ngokusela amanzi e-tap?

Cha, awukwazi ukuthola i-Legionnaires' disease ngokusela amanzi athelelekile. Ukutheleleka kwenzeka kuphela uma uphefumula amaconsi amancane amanzi anebhaktheriya ye-Legionella. Uhlelo lwakho lokugaya lubulala ibhaktheriya ngokuphumelelayo, ngakho-ke ukusela amanzi athelelekile ngeke kube yimbangela yesifo.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukiswa e-Legionnaires' disease?

Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa bekhulu ezinsukwini eziyi-2 kuya kweziyi-3 zokuqala kwama-antibiotics, kodwa ukuphulukiswa okuphelele ngokuvamile kuthatha amasonto ama-2 kuya kwama-6. Abadala noma abantu abanezimo zempilo ezingapheli bangase badinge isikhathi eside sokuphulukiswa. Abanye abantu bahlangabezana nokukhathala noma amandla aphansi amasonto ambalwa ngemuva kokuba ukutheleleka kuphelile.

Ingabe i-Legionnaires' disease iyathatheka?

I-Legionnaires' disease ayithatheki futhi ayikwazi ukusakazeka komuntu nomuntu ngokuxhumana okuvamile. Ungatheleleka kuphela ngokuphefumula amaconsi amanzi athelelekile emithonjeni yemvelo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi awudingi ukuzihlukanisa noma ukukhathazeka ngokutheleleka amalungu omndeni.

Ungayithola yini i-Legionnaires' disease ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa?

Yebo, kungenzeka ukuthola i-Legionnaires' disease izikhathi eziningi ngoba ukutheleleka akunikeli ukuvikelwa isikhathi eside. Umzimba wakho ungase uthuthukise ama-antibodies athile, kodwa awanikeli ukuvikelwa okuphelele ekutholakaleni kwesikhathi esizayo. Ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvimbela kuhlala kubalulekile ngisho nasemuva kokwelapha isifo.

Ingabe ama-hot tubs ekhaya aphephile e-Legionnaires' disease?

Ama-hot tubs ekhaya ngokuvamile aphephile uma enakekelwa kahle ngezilinganiso ezifanele zekhemikhali nokuhlanza njalo. Ingozi ivela ezimisweni ezinganakekelwa kahle lapho ibhaktheriya ingaphindaphinda khona. Landela imiyalo yomkhiqizi yokwelashwa ngekhemikhali, hlanza amafutha njalo, futhi ususe futhi ugcwalise i-hot tub yakho ngokuya ngezikhathi ezinconywayo.