Legionellosis

Isifo seLegionnaires' yiluhlobo olukhulu lwenyoka yephulmona—ukuvuvukala kwephulmona okuvamise ukubangelwa ukutheleleka. Kubangelwa yibhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi ilegionella.

Abantu abaningi batheleleka yiLegionnaires' disease ngokuphefumula ibhaktheriya evela emanzini noma emhlabathini. Abadala, abantu abakhiqiza uthuli nabantu abanesistimu yokuvikela umzimba ebuthakathaka banesihlehlo esikhulu sokuthola isifo seLegionnaires'.

Ibhaktheriya yeLegionella iphinde ibe yimbangela yomkhuhlane wePontiac, isifo esibuthakathaka esifana ne-influenza. Umkhuhlane wePontiac uqeda ngokwakhe, kodwa isifo seLegionnaires' esingaphathwe singabulala. Nakuba ukwelashwa okusheshayo ngama-antibiotics kuvame ukuphulukisa isifo seLegionnaires', abanye abantu baqhubeka beba nezinkinga ngemva kokwelashwa.

Isifo seLegionnaires sivame ukuqala ezinsukwini ezimbili kuya kwezingu-10 ngemva kokubhebhetheka ibhaktheriya yeLegionella. Sivame ukuqala ngezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukuphefumula kwekhanda
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Ukuqandisa okungase kube yi-104 F (40 C) noma ngaphezulu

Ngosuku lwesibili noma lwesithathu, uzoqala ukubonisa ezinye izimpawu ezingafaka:

• Ukukhokha, okungase kukhiphe i-mucus nekegazi ngezinye izikhathi
• Ukuphefumula okusheshayo
• Ubuhlungu esifubeni
• Izimpawu zesisu, njengokuphefumula, ukugabha nokuxhinga
• Ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo noma ukushintsha kwengqondo

Nakuba isifo seLegionnaires sibonakala kakhulu emaphashini, ngezinye izikhathi singabangela ukutheleleka ezilondeni nakwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, kufaka phakathi inhliziyo.

Uhlobo oluthambile lwesifo seLegionnaires oluaziwa ngokuthi yiPontiac fever lungabangela ukuqandisa, ukuthamba, ukuphefumula kwekhanda nobuhlungu bemisipha. I-Pontiac fever ayithinteli amaphashini akho, futhi izimpawu zivame ukuqeda phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbili kuya kwezinhlanu.

Bona udokotela wakho uma ucabanga ukuthi ukhombiswe ibhaktheriya ye-legionella. Ukuxilongwa nokuphathwa kwe-Legionnaires' disease ngokushesha okukhulu kungasiza ukufinyeza isikhathi sokuphulukisa nokuvimbela izinkinga ezingathi sína. Kubantu abasezingeni elikhulu lokuthola ingozi, njengabantu ababhema noma abadala, ukwelashwa okusheshayo kubalulekile.

Ibhaktheriya iLegionella pneumophila iyona ebangela amacala amaningi esifo seLegionnaires'. Ngaphandle, ibhaktheriya yeLegionella iphila emhlabathini nasemanzini, kodwa ayibangeli ukutheleleka. Noma kunjalo, ibhaktheriya yeLegionella ingazala ezimisweni zamanzi ezenziwe abantu, njengezikhali zomoya.Nakuba kungenzeka ukuthola isifo seLegionnaires' kusuka ezimpahleni zasekhaya, ukuqhuma okuningi kuye kwenzeka ezakhiweni ezinkulu, mhlawumbe ngoba izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zivumela ibhaktheriya ukukhula nokubhebhetheka kalula. Futhi, ama-yunithi okushisa umoya ekhaya nasezimoto awasebenzisi amanzi ekubandiseni.

Akuwona wonke umuntu ofinyelelwe yibhaktheriya ye-legionella ogula. Kunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuthi uthuthukise ukutheleleka uma:

• Uphuza utshwala. Ukubhema kulimaza amaphaphu, kukwenza ube sengozini yazo zonke izinhlobo zokutheleleka kwamaphaphu.
• Une-system yokuziphepha ebuthakathaka. Lokhu kungaba ngumphumela we-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) noma imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi i-corticosteroids kanye nemithi ethathwayo ukuvimbela ukuphikisa komzimba emva kokufakelwa.
• Une-lung disease ebambe isikhathi eside noma enye inkinga enzima. Lokhu kuhlanganisa i-emphysema, isifo sikashukela, isifo sezinso noma umdlavuza.
• Uneminyaka engama-50 noma ngaphezulu.

Isifo se-Legionnaires singaba yinkinga ezibhedlela nasemakhaya okuhlengela, lapho ama-germs angasakazeka kalula khona futhi abantu bekhona bekhona ekutholakaleni kokutheleleka.

Isifo seLegionnaires singabangela ukwanda kwezinkinga ezingasongela impilo, okuhlanganisa:

• Ukwehluleka kokuphefumula. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho amaphaphu engahlinzeki umzimba ngokwanele oksijini noma engahluzi ikhabhoni dayoksidi eyanele egazini.
• Ukuthuthumela kwegazi oluyimfucumfucu. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ukuwa okukhulu, okuzumayo kokucindezela kwegazi kunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi ezihlabathini ezibalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezinkingeni nasebuchosheni. Inhliziyo izama ukubuyisela ngokwandisa ubuningi begazi elipompwayo, kodwa umsebenzi owengeziwe ekugcineni ubuthakathaka inhliziyo futhi kunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi nakakhulu.
• Ukwehluleka kwama-kidney okuzumayo. Lokhu ukulahlekelwa ngokuzumayo kwamandla ama-kidney akho okucwecweza uqweqwe egazini lakho. Lapho ama-kidney akho ehluleka, amazinga ezingozi eziwumfucumfucu nezinto ezingcolile ziqoqana emzimbeni wakho.

Uma ingaphathwa ngokushesha, isifo seLegionnaires singabulala.

Ukubhebhetheka kwe-Legionnaires 'kugwenywa, kodwa ukuvimbela kudinga izinhlelo zokuphathwa kwamanzi ezakhiweni ezibonisa ukuthi amanzi alandelelwa futhi ahlanzwa njalo. Ukuze unciphise ingozi yakho siqu, gwema ukubhema.

Isifo seLegionnaires siyafana nezinye izinhlobo ze-pneumonia. Ukusiza ekutholeni ngokushesha izimpawu ze-legionella, udokotela wakho angase asebenzise ukuhlolwa okuhlola umchamo wakho ukuze athole ama-antigen e-legionella - izinto zangaphandle ezibangela impendulo yesistimu yomzimba. Ezinye izivivinyo zingafaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi nomchamo
• I-X-ray yesifuba, engakuqinisekisi isifo seLegionnaires kodwa ingabonisa ubukhulu bokuqubuka emaphashini akho
• Ukuhlolwa kwisampula yomkhondo wakho noma yethishu yephango

Isifo seLegionnaires siphathwa ngama-antibiotics. Lapho ukwelashwa kuqalwa ngokushesha, kuba yingcosana ithuba lokuba kube khona izinkinga ezingathi sína. Ezimweni eziningi, ukwelashwa kudinga ukungena esibhedlela. I-Pontiac fever iyaphela yodwa ngaphandle kokwelashwa futhi ayibangeli zinkinga ezihlala njalo.