Ulukwali yini i-Leukemia? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-Leukemia uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi oluthinta amangqamuzana omhlophe egazi, aqhamuka ohlelweni lwakho lokulwa nezifo. Esikhundleni samangqamuzana omhlophe egazi aphilile alwa nezifo, ubukhali bakho bethambeka buveza amangqamuzana angajwayelekile angasebenzi kahle futhi agcwalise lawo aphilile.

Lokhu kuqala lapho kukhona into ephosakele ku-DNA yamangqamuzana akho okwenza igazi. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kukhulu ekuqaleni, ukuqonda i-leukemia kungakusiza uzizwe ulungile futhi ungakhathazeki ngalokho okuzokwenzeka.

Iyini i-Leukemia?

I-Leukemia iqala ebukhali bakho bethambeka, inyama ebushelelezi ngaphakathi kwamathambo akho lapho kwenziwa khona amangqamuzana egazi. Ngokuvamile ubukhali bakho bethambeka buveza izinhlobo ezahlukene zamangqamuzana egazi ngokulinganisela, kodwa i-leukemia iphazamisa le nqubo.

Uma une-leukemia, ubukhali bakho bethambeka buveza amangqamuzana omhlophe egazi amaningi angajwayelekile angakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wawo wokulwa nezifo. La mangqamuzana aphambeneyo akha egazini lakho nasezithombeni, okwenza kube nzima emzimbeni wakho ukusebenza kahle.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukwelashwa kwe-leukemia kuye kwaqhubeka kakhulu eminyakeni edlule. Abantu abaningi abane-leukemia bayaqhubeka bephila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngokunakekelwa komtholampilo okufanele nokwesekwa.

Ziyini Izinhlobo ze-Leukemia?

I-Leukemia inezinhlobo ezine eziyinhloko, nokuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo onalo kusiza udokotela wakho ukuba enze uhlelo lokwelapha oluhle kuwe. Izinhlobo zihlukaniswe ngokuthi zithuthuka kanjani ngokushesha nohlobo luni lomangqamuzana omhlophe egazi oluthintekayo.

Izigaba ezimbili eziyinhloko yi-acute leukemia, ethuthuka ngokushesha futhi idinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha, ne-chronic leukemia, ethuthuka kancane ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni eminingi.

• Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) - Ivame kakhulu kubantwana, kodwa ingathinta nabantu abadala
• Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) - Ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala, ithuthuka ngokushesha
• Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - Ngokuvamile ithonya abantu abadala, ithuthuka kancane
• Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) - Ingaba khona kunoma yimuphi ubudala, ngokuvamile inezimpawu ezimbalwa ekuqaleni

Wonke uhlobo luphatha ngokuhlukile futhi luphendula ngezindlela zokwelapha ezahlukene. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizocacisa ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olukhona ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuqondile nezinye izivivinyo.

Ziyini Izimpawu ze-Leukemia?

Izimpawu ze-leukemia zivame ukuthuthuka kancane kancane futhi zingazwakala njengezifo ezivamile ekuqaleni. Abantu abaningi baphawula ukuthi bayagula kaningi noma bazizwa bekhathele kakhulu, okuvela ngoba uhlelo lwabo lokulwa nezifo alusebenzi kahle.

Nazi izimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ukuqeda amandla nobuthakathaka obuqhubekayo obungaphuli ngokuphumula
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile njengokubanda, isifo sikagciwane, noma ezinye izifo
• Ukukhuluphala kalula noma ukuphuza igazi, kufaka phakathi ukuphuza igazi ekhaleni noma emazinyweni
• Ukulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki emasontweni noma ezinyangeni eziningi
• Ama-lymph nodes ahlungekile entanyeni yakho, ezikhaleni, noma emadolweni
• Ukuphuza izingubo noma amashati ebusuku
• Ukuqhuma ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile
• Ubuhlungu lwamathambo noma lwamalunga, ikakhulukazi eziqeshini, emgogodleni, noma emathangeni

Abanye abantu nabo bahlangabezana nezimpawu ezingavamile njengokuphefumula kancane, isikhumba esimhlophe, noma amachaphazi amancane abomvu esikhuneni sabo okuthiwa yi-petechiae. Lezi zimpawu zenzeka ngoba i-leukemia ithonya ikhono lomzimba wakho lokwenza amangqamuzana egazi aphilile.

Khumbula, ukuba nalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi une-leukemia. Izimo eziningi zingabangela izinkinga ezifanayo, ngakho kubalulekile ukubona udokotela wakho ukuze wenze ukuhlolwa nokuxilongwa okufanele.

Ziyini Izimbangela ze-Leukemia?

Imbangela eqondile ye-leukemia ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kwenzeka lapho kwenzeka izinguquko ezithile ku-DNA yamangqamuzana akho egazi. Lezi zinguquko ze-genetic zenza amangqamuzana akhe ngokungajwayelekile futhi angafi lapho kufanele.

Ngokuvamile, lezi zinguquko ze-DNA zenzeka ngokungahleliwe ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi i-leukemia ngokuvamile ithuthuka ngaphandle kokulahlwa kwakho futhi akuyona into obungayivikela.

Nokho, ososayensi baye baqaphela izinto eziningi ezingase zikhulise amathuba okuthuthukisa i-leukemia:

• Ukwelashwa komdlavuza ngaphambili nge-chemotherapy noma i-radiation therapy
• Izifo ze-genetic njenge-Down syndrome
• Ukuvezwa emazingeni aphezulu e-radiation
• Ukuvezwa ezintweni ezithile ezikhemikhali njenge-benzene
• Ukubhema imikhiqizo yotshwala
• Umlando womndeni we-leukemia (nakuba lokhu kuyinhlangano encane kakhulu)

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukuba nenye noma ngaphezulu yezingozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa ngokuqinisekile i-leukemia. Abantu abaningi abanezingozi abazutholi leyo gciwane, kanti abanye abangenazo izingozi ezaziwayo bayayithuthukisa.

Nini Ukubona Udokotela Ngokuphathelene Nezimpawu ze-Leukemia?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu eziningi eziqhubeka ngaphezu kweviki noma ezimbili, ikakhulukazi uma ziya ziba zimbi kunokuba zibe ngcono. Themba izinzwa zakho ngomzimba wakho.

Funani ukunakekelwa komtholampilo ngokushesha uma uqaphela ukuphuza igazi okungavamile okungapheli, ukutheleleka okuvamile, noma ukukhathala okukhulu okuhlupha imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Lezi zimpawu zifanele zihlonzwe ochwepheshe ngisho noma zivela kwenye into.

Ungalindi uma uthola ukuqhuma kanye nezinye izimpawu ezikhathazayo, ikakhulukazi uma ubezizwa ungaphili kahle amasonto amaningana. Ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuphathwa kungenza umehluko omkhulu ephuthweni lakho nekhwalithi yempilo.

Ziyini Izingozi ze-Leukemia?

Izingozi yizinto ezingase zikhulise amathuba akho okuthuthukisa i-leukemia, kodwa azikuqinisekisi ukuthi uzoyithola leyo gciwane. Ukuqonda lezi zinto kungakusiza ukuba ube nezingxoxo ezilwemi nodokotela wakho.

Ubudala buthatha indima engozini ye-leukemia, nakuba buthinta izinhlobo ezahlukene ngokuhlukene. Ezinye izinhlobo zivame kakhulu kubantwana, kanti ezinye zivame ukuthuthuka kubantu abadala. Ubulili bakho bungathinta futhi ingozi, ngamadoda anethuba elikhulu lokuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezithile ze-leukemia.

Nazi izingozi eziyinhloko abagcini bezobuchwepheshe baye bazibona:

• Ubudala (kuya ngohlobo - ezinye zivame kakhulu kubantwana, ezinye kubantu abadala)
• Ukuphathwa komdlavuza ngaphambili, ikakhulukazi ngemithi ethile ye-chemotherapy
• Isimo se-genetic njenge-Down syndrome noma i-Li-Fraumeni syndrome
• Izifo zegazi ezinjenge-myelodysplastic syndrome
• Umlando womndeni we-leukemia (uthinta izingxenye ezincane kakhulu zezimangalo)
• Ukuvezwa emazingeni aphezulu e-radiation
• Ukuvezwa isikhathi eside ezintweni ezithile ezikhemikhali
• Ukubhema

Abantu abaningi abathuthukisa i-leukemia abanazo izingozi ezicacile. Lokhu kungase kuzwakale kukhathaza, kodwa futhi kuyaduduza ukwazi ukuthi leyo gciwane ngokuvamile ivela ngokungahleliwe kunokuba ibangelwe yinto oyenzile noma awuyenzanga.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingaba khona ze-Leukemia?

I-Leukemia ingabangela izinkinga ezahlukene ngoba ithonya ikhono legazi lakho lokusebenza kahle. Ukuqonda lezi zinkinga ezingaba khona kusiza ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyilinde futhi nini ukufuna usizo ngokushesha.

Izingozi ezivamile kakhulu zenzeka ngoba i-leukemia inciphise inani lamangqamuzana akho egazi aphilile. Lokhu kungakwenza ube sengozini yokutheleleka, kubangele izinkinga zokopha igazi, futhi kubeka i-anemia.

Nazi izingozi eziyinhloko okufanele uzazi:

• Ukuthuthukiswa kwengozi yokutheleleka okukhulu ngenxa yamangqamuzana omhlophe egazi amancane
• Izinkinga zokopha igazi ngenxa yamangqamuzana e-platelet amancane
• I-Anemia ebangela ukukhathala okukhulu nokuphuza umoya
• Ukonakala kwezitho uma amangqamuzana e-leukemia esakazeka e-liver, e-spleen, noma kwezinye izitho
• I-Graft-versus-host disease (uma udinga ukuhlinzwa kwethambeka lethambeka)
• Umdlavuza wesibili ongaqala ngemuva kokwelashwa
• I-Tumor lysis syndrome ngesikhathi sokwelashwa (iyinhlangano encane kodwa iyingozi)

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokulandela eduze ngalezi zinkinga futhi lithathe izinyathelo zokuzivimbela noma ukuziphatha ngokushesha uma zenzeka. Ukunakekelwa okuhambisanayo kwamanje kwenze ukuphathwa kwalezi zinkinga kube nomphumela omkhulu kunangaphambili.

I-Leukemia Ixilongwa Kanjani?

Ukuthola i-leukemia ngokuvamile kuqala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okungaveza amanani noma izinhlobo zamangqamuzana egazi angajwayelekile. Udokotela wakho uzokukhipha i-complete blood count (CBC) kuqala, enikeza isithombe esicacile samangqamuzana akho egazi.

Uma ukuhlolwa kwegazi kwakho kuphakamisa i-leukemia, udokotela wakho uzodinga ukwenza izivivinyo ezengeziwe ukuze aqinisekise ukuxilongwa futhi acacise ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olukhona. Le nqubo ikusiza ukuba wenze uhlelo lokwelapha oluphumelelayo esimweni sakho esithile.

Inqubo yokuxilongwa ngokuvamile ihlanganisa lezi zinyathelo:

1. Ukuhlolwa komzimba ukuze uhlole ama-lymph nodes ahlungekile, izitho ezinkulu, noma ezinye izimpawu
2. I-Complete blood count (CBC) ukulinganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamangqamuzana egazi
3. Ukuhlolwa kwe-blood chemistry ukuze uhlole ukuthi izitho zakho zisebenza kahle kangakanani
4. I-Bone marrow biopsy ukuhlola amangqamuzana ngokuqondile ebukhali bakho bethambeka
5. Ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic ukuze uqaphele izinguquko ezithile ezingqamuzaneni zakho ze-leukemia
6. Izivivinyo ze-imaging ezinjenge-CT scans noma i-chest X-rays ukuze ubone ukuthi i-leukemia isakazeke yini

I-Bone marrow biopsy ingase izwakale ingakhululekile, kodwa udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa i-anesthesia yendawo ukuze unciphise noma yiluphi ubuhlungu. Le nqubo inikeza ulwazi olukhulu mayelana nohlobo lwakho oluthile lwe-leukemia futhi ikusiza ukuqondisa izindlela zakho zokwelapha.

Yini Ukwelashwa kwe-Leukemia?

Ukuphathwa kwe-leukemia kuye kwaqhubeka kakhulu emasontweni edlule, ngabantu abaningi bezuza ukuphulukiswa futhi bephila isikhathi eside esijwayelekile. Uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha luzoxhomeka kuhlobo lwakho oluthile lwe-leukemia, ukuthi luthuthukile kangakanani, nempilo yakho yonke.

Umgomo oyinhloko wokwelapha ukubhubhisa amangqamuzana e-leukemia futhi usize ubukhali bakho bethambeka buqale ukukhiqiza amangqamuzana egazi aphilile futhi. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizohlangana nawe ukukhetha indlela engcono kakhulu esimweni sakho.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• I-Chemotherapy esebenzisa imithi yokubulala amangqamuzana e-leukemia
• Imithi ye-Targeted therapy ehlasela izici ezithile zamangqamuzana omdlavuza
• I-Radiation therapy yokubhubhisa amangqamuzana e-leukemia ezindaweni ezithile
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Stem cell (ukuhlinzwa kwethambeka lethambeka) ngezinhlobo ezithile
• I-Immunotherapy ukusiza uhlelo lwakho lokulwa nezifo ukulwa ne-leukemia
• Ukunakekelwa okuhambisanayo ukuphatha izimpawu nemiphumela emibi

Abantu abaningi baqala nge-chemotherapy, engaphiwa nge-IV, njengezithasiselo, noma ngezinye izikhathi ngokuqondile e-spinal fluid yakho. Udokotela wakho uzochaza ngokuqondile ukuthi yini okufanele uyilinde ngohlelo lwakho oluthile lokwelapha.

Ukuphathwa ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngezigaba, kuqale ngokwelashwa okukhulu ukuze kufinyelelwe ekuphulukiseni, kulandele ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo ukuvimbela i-leukemia ukuba ibuyele. Le ndlela iye yabonakala iphumelela kakhulu ngezinhlobo eziningi ze-leukemia.

Ungazinakekela Kanjani Ngesikhathi Sokwelashwa kwe-Leukemia?

Ukukhathalela wena ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-leukemia kuhlanganisa kokubili ukulandela imiyalo yeqembu lakho lezokwelapha nokubheka induduzo yakho yansuku zonke nokuphila kahle. Izinyathelo ezincane zingenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni ozizwa ngayo.

Uhlelo lwakho lokulwa nezifo luzoba buthakathaka ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, ngakho ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kuya kuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Lokhu kusho ukuba onqenqemeni ngokuhlanzeka nokugwema izixuku noma abantu abagulayo uma kungenzeka.

Nazi izindlela ezibalulekile zokunakekela wena:

• Geza izandla zakho njalo futhi ngokuphelele
• Gwema izixuku ezinkulu nabantu abagulayo
• Dla ukudla okunomsoco okuneprotheni eningi ne-calories
• Hlala uthambile ngokuphuza amanzi amaningi
• Thola ukuphumula okwanele nokulala lapho umzimba wakho udinga khona
• Thatha imithi ngokuqondile njengoba kulotshiwe
• Bika noma yiluphi ukuqhuma, ukuphuza igazi okungavamile, noma izimpawu zokutheleleka ngokushesha
• Hlala usebenza ngaphakathi kwamandla akho

Ungangabazi ukubuza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka noma imiphumela emibi oyiphethayo. Bavame ukunikeza izixazululo noma ukulungiswa ukuze bakusize uzizwe ukhululekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Kulodokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuya kudockotela kungakusiza ukuba uthole okuningi ekuhambeleni kwakho futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi awukhohlwanga imibuzo ebalulekile noma ulwazi. Bhala izimpawu zakho nokuthi wazibona nini kuqala.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwemithi yonke, amavithamini, nezithasiselo ozithathayo, kufaka phakathi izilinganiso. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda isithombe sakho sempilo yonke futhi ugweme noma yimiphi imisebenzi enkingeni.

Cabanga ukuletha umngani othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni ekuhambeleni kwakho. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo ngalokho okungase kuzwakale kuyinkulumo enkulu.

Lungiselela lezi zinto ekuhambeleni kwakho:

• Uhlu lwezimpawu zakho zonke nokuthi zaqala nini
• Uhlu oluphelele lwemithi kufaka phakathi imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwesikripthi
• Umlando wakho wezokwelapha nanoma yimiphi imiphumela yokuhlolwa ngaphambili
• Amakhadi e-Insurance kanye nokuhlonza
• Uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza
• Incwadi yokubhala ulwazi olukhulu

Ungakhathazeki ngokubuza imibuzo eminingi kakhulu. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lifuna ukuba uqonde isimo sakho futhi uzizwe uqiniseka ngohlelo lwakho lokunakekelwa.

Yini Okuyisifundo Esikhulu Mayelana ne-Leukemia?

I-Leukemia isimo esingathi sína, kodwa kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ukwelashwa kuye kwaqhubeka kakhulu futhi abantu abaningi abane-leukemia baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo. Isipiliyoni somuntu ngamunye sihlukile, futhi iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizohlangana nawe ukwenza uhlelo lokwelapha oluhle kakhulu.

Ukutholwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuphathwa kungenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni. Uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu eziqhubekayo ezikukhathazayo, ungangabazi ukukhuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuthola ukuhlolwa okufanele.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-leukemia akuhlukumi wena, futhi awuwedwa kule ndlela. Ukusekelwa kukhona eqenjini lakho lezokwelapha, emndenini, kubangani, nasezinhlanganweni ezahlukene ezinikele ekusizini abantu abane-blood cancers.

Imibuzo Evamile Mayelana ne-Leukemia

Ingabe i-leukemia iyefa?

Izimo eziningi ze-leukemia azifani ezivela kubazali kubantwana. Nakuba ukuba nelungu lomndeni eline-leukemia kukhuphula kancane ingozi yakho, iningi labantu abathuthukisa i-leukemia abanalo umlando womndeni wesifo.

Ingabe i-leukemia ingaphuliwa?

Izinhlobo eziningi ze-leukemia zingaphathwa ngempumelelo, ngabanye abantu bezuza ukuphulukiswa okuphelele okuhlala iminyaka noma amashumi eminyaka. Amanani okuphulukisa ahlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo oluthile lwe-leukemia, ubudala bakho, nezinye izinto. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza ulwazi oluqondile ngokuqagela kwakho kuye ngesimo sakho.

Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-leukemia kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Ubude bokuthuthukiswa buhlukahluka kakhulu kuye ngohlobo lwakho lwe-leukemia nokuthi uphendula kahle kangakanani ekwelapheni. Abanye abantu badinga ukwelashwa okukhulu izinyanga eziningi, kanti abanye bangadinga ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo iminyaka eminingi. I-Acute leukemias ngokuvamile idinga ukwelashwa okukhulu ekuqaleni, kanti izinhlobo ezingapheli zingaphathwa ngokwelashwa okuncane, okuphakathi nesibuyekezo eside.

Ngingaqhubeka ngisebenza ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-leukemia?

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungasebenza yini ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kuya ngesimo sakho esithile, uhlobo lokwelashwa, nendlela ozizwa ngayo. Abanye abantu bangaqhubeka besebenza ngokulungiswa, kanti abanye badinga ukuthatha isikhathi sokuphumula. Xoxa ngesimo sakho somsebenzi neqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuze bakusize ukuba wenze isinqumo esihle sempilo yakho nezimo.

Kufanele ngidle ini ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-leukemia?

Gxila ekudleni ukudla okulinganiselwe okuneprotheni eningi, izithelo, nemifino lapho uzizwa ukhululekile. Kodwa-ke, kuzodingeka ugweme ukudla okuthile okungase kube nezingozi zokutheleleka, njengenyamasendle noma enyamasendle, izithelo nemifino ezingageziwe, nemikhiqizo yobisi engageziwe. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha noma umqeqeshi wezondlo ebhalisiwe angakunikeza imiyalo ethile yokudla esimweni sakho.