Ukuqonda i-Lewy Body Dementia: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Lewy body dementia yisimo sengqondo esithinta ukucabanga, ukuhamba, ukulala, nokuziphatha. Kwenzeka lapho ama-protein ahlangene, abizwa ngokuthi yi-Lewy bodies, eqala ukwakheka ezicubu zezinzwa kulo lonke ingqondo yakho.

Lesi simo empeleni yilona lesibili eliqheleke kakhulu le-dementia ngemuva kwe-Alzheimer's disease. Okwenza ihluke yindlela ehlanganisa ngayo izinkinga zokukhumbula nezinselele zokunyakaza kanye nemibukiso ebonakalayo. Ukuqonda lezi zici kungakusiza ukuthi uqaphele uma kukhona okwenzekayo futhi wazi ukuthi nini kufanele ucele usizo.

Iyini i-Lewy Body Dementia?

I-Lewy body dementia ivela lapho amaqembu e-protein ebizwa ngokuthi yi-alpha-synuclein eqala ukwakheka ngaphakathi kwesicubu sezinzwa. La maqembu e-protein abizwa ngokuthi yi-Lewy bodies, eqanjwe ngesayensi eyaqala ukuwathonya.

Cabanga ngezicubu zezinzwa zakho njengefektri ematasa. Lapho i-Lewy bodies iqala ukwakheka, iphazamisa umsebenzi ojwayelekile oqhubekayo ngaphakathi kwalezi zicubu. Lokhu kuphazamiseka kuthinta indlela ingqondo yakho esebenzisa ngayo ulwazi, ilawula ukuhamba, futhi iphathe izindlela zokulala.

Lesi simo empeleni sihlanganisa izifo ezimbili ezihlobene. I-Dementia with Lewy bodies iqala ngezinkinga zokucabanga kuqala, bese kuvela izinkinga zokunyakaza. I-Parkinson's disease dementia iqala ngezinkinga zokunyakaza, futhi ubunzima bokucabanga buza kamuva. Zombili izimo zihlanganisa ukwakheka okufanayo kwe-Lewy body.

Ziyini Izimpawu ze-Lewy Body Dementia?

Izimpawu ze-Lewy body dementia zingase zihluke kakhulu usuku nosuku, okungavamile ukumangaza imindeni. Umuntu omthandayo angase abonakale ephilile futhi ecace ingqondo ngosuku olulodwa, bese edideka futhi elele ngosuku olulandelayo.

Nawa ama-symptom aphambili ongawaqaphela:

• Imibukiso ebonakalayo: Ukubona abantu, izilwane, noma izinto ezingelona iqiniso, ngokuvamile ezinemininingwane futhi ezingokoqobo
• Izinkinga zokucabanga: Ubunzima bokuqaphela, ukuhlela, nemisebenzi ye-visual-spatial njengokulinganisa izikhathi
• Izinkinga zokunyakaza: Ukuhamba kancane, imisipha eqinile, ukuzamazama, noma ukuhamba okuhlanganisiwe okufana ne-Parkinson's disease
• Ukuhlupheka kokulala: Ukwenza amaphupho ngokomzimba, ukukhuluma noma ukuhamba ngesikhathi ulele
• Ukushintsha kwesimo sengqondo: Ukudideka, ukukhathazeka, noma ukushintsha okungazelelwe kwemizwelo
• Ukuguquguquka kokunaka: Izikhathi zokuphaphama ezihlangene nokudideka noma ukubuka

Abanye abantu nabo bahlangabezana nezimpawu ezingavamile. Lezi zingase zihlanganise ukuwa okuphindaphindayo, ukuqeda, noma ukuzwela okukhulu kwemithi ethile. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezimpawu ngokuvamile kusiza odokotela ukuthi bahlukanise i-Lewy body dementia kwezinye izimo.

Yini ebangela i-Lewy Body Dementia?

Imbangela eqondile ye-Lewy body dementia ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa abacwaningi bayazi ukuthi ihlanganisa ukwakheka okungajwayelekile kwe-alpha-synuclein protein ezicubwini zezinzwa. Le protein ngokuvamile iyasiza izicubu zezinzwa ukuthi zixhumane, kodwa lapho iqala ukwakheka ndawonye, yonakalisa izicubu.

Izici eziningi zingase zifake isandla ekutheni lokhu kwenzeke. Ubudala yilona izingozi elikhulu, ngokuvamile abantu baqala ukubonisa izimpawu ngemuva kweminyaka engama-60. Ukuba nomuntu womndeni one-Lewy body dementia noma i-Parkinson's disease kukhuphula kancane ingozi yakho, okubonisa ukuthi i-genetics idlala indima encane.

Ucwaningo oluthile lubonisa ukuthi izici ezithile zezindawo ezingase zifake isandla, nakuba lokhu kungafakazelwe. Ukulimala ekhanda, ukubhekana nezinto ezinobuthi, noma ukuba ne-REM sleep behavior disorder iminyaka eminingi kungase kukhuphule ingozi. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi abanezingozi ezinjalo abazitholi le simo.

Nini Kufanele Ubone Udokotela Nge-Lewy Body Dementia?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela uma uqaphela ukushintsha okuqhubekayo ekucabangeni, ekuhambeni, noma ekuziphatheni okuphazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke. Izimpawu zokuqala zingase zibonakale zingenamandla, kodwa ukuzibamba ngokushesha kungasiza ngokuhlela nokwelashwa.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nemibukiso ebonakalayo, ikakhulukazi uma inemininingwane futhi iphindaphinda. Nakuba imibukisho ingesaba, ngokuvamile iyisayensi yokuqala futhi ehlukile ye-Lewy body dementia.

Ezinye izimpawu ezinkulu zihlanganisa ukwenza amaphupho ngesikhathi ulele, ukudideka okungazelelwe okuza nokwehla, noma izinkinga ezintsha zokunyakaza njengokuqinile noma ukuzamazama. Ukushintsha kwesimo sengqondo, amakhono okucabanga, noma ukuwa okungachazwanga nakho kudinga ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha.

Ungalindi uma izimpawu ziya ziba zimbi noma zithinta ukuphepha. Ukuxilongwa ngokushesha kusiza odokotela ukuthi bakhiphe ezinye izimo ezilashwa futhi bakhe uhlelo lokulwa oluhle kakhulu lesimo sakho esithile.

Ziyini Izingozi ze-Lewy Body Dementia?

Izici eziningi zingase zikhuphule amathuba akho okuba ne-Lewy body dementia, nakuba ukuba nezingozi akusho ukuthi uzothola le simo. Ukuqonda lezi zici kusiza ukubeka ingozi yakho siqu.

Izingozi ezinkulu zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala: Ingozi ikhuphuka kakhulu ngemuva kweminyaka engama-60, ngokuvamile ukuxilongwa kwenzeka kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-70
• Ubulili: Amadoda anethuba elikhulu lokuba nale simo kunabesifazane
• Umlando womndeni: Ukuba nohlobo lomndeni olune-Lewy body dementia noma i-Parkinson's disease kukhuphula kancane ingozi
• I-REM sleep behavior disorder: Ukwenza amaphupho iminyaka ngaphambi kokuba kube khona ezinye izimpawu
• Ukudideka: Ukuba nokudideka ekuqaleni kwempilo kungase kukhuphule kancane ingozi

Ezinye izingozi ezingavamile zisacwaningwa. Lezi zihlanganisa ukulimala ekhanda okuphindaphindayo, ukubhekana ne-pesticides ethile, noma ukuba nezinguquko ezithile ze-genetic. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi abanezi zici abazitholi i-dementia.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izingozi azikunqumi ikusasa lakho. Abantu abaningi abanezingozi eziningi bahlala bephilile, kanti abanye abangenazo izingozi ezicacile bayithola le simo.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingase Zenzeke Nge-Lewy Body Dementia?

I-Lewy body dementia ingase iholele ezingozini eziningi njengoba isimo siqhubeka, kodwa ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zenzeke kusiza imindeni ukuba ilulungiselele futhi iyilawule ngokuphumelelayo. Akuwona wonke umuntu ohlangabezana nazo zonke izingozi, futhi isikhathi sazo sihluka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu.

Izingozi ezivamile ongahlangabezana nazo zihlanganisa:

• Ukuzwela kwemithi: Ukusebenza okubi kwemithi ethile ye-psychiatric, ikakhulukazi i-antipsychotics
• Ukuwa nokulimala: Izinkinga zokunyakaza nokudideka kukhuphula ingozi yengozi
• Ubunzima bokuginya: Izinkinga zokudla noma ukuphuza ngokuphepha, okuholela ekuhlwithweni noma e-pneumonia
• Izinselele zokuziphatha: Ukukhathazeka, ukuhlasela, noma ukuhamba okuthinta ukuphepha
• Ukuhlupheka kokulala: Izindlela zokulala ezihluphekayo ezithinta kokubili isiguli nabaphathi

Izingozi ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zihlanganisa izinkinga ezinkulu ze-autonomic. Lezi zingase zihlanganise ukwehla okubi kwezinga lokucindezela kwegazi, ukungalingani kwesigxobo senhliziyo, noma izinkinga zokulawula ubushushu. Abanye abantu bathuthukisa izimpawu ezinzima ze-psychiatric noma baba ngoxhomekeke ngokuphelele kwabanye ngokunakekelwa okuyisisekelo.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izingozi eziningi zingalawulwa ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okuhle, ukuguqulwa kwezindawo, nokwesekwa komndeni. Ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo kusiza ukuvimbela noma ukunciphisa lezi zinselele.

I-Lewy Body Dementia Ixilongwa Kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-Lewy body dementia kudinga ukuhlolwa okucophelelayo ngochwepheshe, ngokuvamile i-neurologist noma i-geriatrician. Ayikho i-test eyodwa engakwazi ukuxilonga le simo ngokuphelele, ngakho odokotela basebenzisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezilinganiso nokuqaphela.

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngomlando wezokwelapha onemininingwane kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba. Bazokuhlupha ngezimpawu, lapho baqala khona, nokuthi bashintshe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amalungu omndeni ngokuvamile anikeza ulwazi olukhulu mayelana nokushintsha kwansuku zonke nokuziphatha.

Izivivinyo eziningi zisiza ukusekela ukuxilongwa. Ukuhlolwa kwe-cognitive kuhlola ikhono lokukhumbula, ukunaka, namakhono okucabanga. Ukubuka ingqondo njenge-MRI noma i-DaTscan kungabonisa ukushintsha okuqheleke kakhulu. Izifundo zokulala zingase zibonise i-REM sleep behavior disorder, evame ukwenzeka iminyaka ngaphambi kwezinye izimpawu.

Inqubo yokuxilongwa ingathatha isikhathi ngoba izimpawu zihlangana nezinye izimo. Udokotela wakho udinga ukuqeda ezinye izimbangela ze-dementia, ukudideka, noma izifo zokunyakaza. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuxilongwa kuya kucaceka njengoba izimpawu ziqhubeka izinyanga eziningi.

Iyini Ukwelashwa kwe-Lewy Body Dementia?

Nakuba ayikho indlela yokwelapha i-Lewy body dementia, izindlela eziningi zokwelapha zingasiza ukuphatha izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo. Ukwelashwa kugxila ekuqondeni izimpawu ezithile kunokuba yinqubo yesifo esiyisisekelo.

Imithi ingasiza ngezici ezahlukene zesimo. I-Cholinesterase inhibitors njenge-donepezil ingase ithuthukise ukucabanga nemibukiso. I-Carbidopa-levodopa ingasiza ngezinkinga zokunyakaza, nakuba isebenziswa ngokucophelela. I-Melatonin noma i-clonazepam ingasiza ngezifo zokulala.

Izindlela ezingelona imithi ziyabalulekile ngokulinganayo. Ukuzivocavoca okujwayelekile kusiza ukugcina amandla nokuqina. Ukuqalisa izindlela zansuku zonke ezihlala njalo kunciphisa ukudideka. Ukwenza indawo yokuhlala ephephile, ekhanyayo kunganciphisa ukukhathazeka okuhlobene nemibukiso.

Ukuphatha kudinga ukuhlanganiswa ngokucophelela ngoba abantu abane-Lewy body dementia bazwelayo kakhulu kwimithi eminingi. Imithi ye-antipsychotic, evame ukusetshenziswa kwezinye izinhlobo ze-dementia, ingabangela izingozi ezinkulu futhi kufanele ivinjelwe ngokuvamile.

Indlela Yokuphatha I-Lewy Body Dementia Ekhaya?

Ukuphatha i-Lewy body dementia ekhaya kuhlanganisa ukwenza indawo yokusekela nokuthuthukisa amasu wezinselele zansuku zonke. Ukushintsha okuncane endleleni yakho kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekududuzeni nasekuphepheni.

Qala ngokuqalisa izindlela zansuku zonke eziqondakala. Izikhathi zokudla ezihlala njalo, imisebenzi, nezinhlelo zokulala zisiza ukunciphisa ukudideka nokukhathazeka. Gcina indawo yokuhlala ikhanyisiwe, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho imibukisho ivame ukwenzeka khona.

Ngezinselele zokunyakaza, susa izinto ezingase zibangele ukuwa njengemikhaphe ehlala iphumile futhi ufake ama-grab bars ezihlanzini. Khuthaza ukuzivocavoca okuthambile njengokuhamba noma ukuthambisa ukuze ugcine ukuhamba. I-Physical therapy ingafundisa amasu okuhamba aphephile futhi inikeze imishini ewusizo.

Lapho imibukisho ivela, ungaphikisani ngalokho okuyiqiniso. Kunalokho, qaphela isipiliyoni somuntu futhi uqondise ukunaka ngobumnene kwenye into enhle. Ngezinye izikhathi imibukisho ayikhathazi futhi ayidingi ukungenelela.

Izinkinga zokulala ngokuvamile ziyathuthuka ngokulala okuhle. Dala isikhathi sokulala esithulile, khombisa ukulala emini, futhi uqiniseke ukuthi igumbi lokulala liphephile uma kukhona ukuziphatha okuhlobene namaphupho. Cabanga ngokususa izinto eziphukile endaweni yokulala.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Kulo Dokotela?

Ukulungiselela kahle ukuya kudokotela kusiza uqiniseke ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nelenqubo yokwelapha ephumelelayo. Ukuletha ulwazi olufanele kwenza ukuvakasha kube nomphumela omuhle kubo bonke abahilelekile.

Gcina idayari yezimpawu ezinemininingwane okungenani isonto ngaphambi kokuya kwakho. Qaphela ukuthi izimpawu zivela nini, isikhathi eside zingakanani, nokuthi yini engase izibangele. Faka ulwazi mayelana nezindlela zokulala, ukushintsha kwesimo sengqondo, namakhono okusebenza kwansuku zonke.

Butha yonke imithi yakho yamanje, kuhlanganise nemithi ye-over-the-counter kanye nezincedisi. Letha amarekhodi ezempilo evela kwabanye odokotela, ikakhulu izithombe zengqondo zangaphambili noma imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwe-cognitive. Ukuba nomlando wezokwelapha ophelele kusiza udokotela wakho ukubona isithombe esiphelele.

Cabanga ngokuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani oseduze obeqaphele izimpawu. Bangakwazi ukunikeza ulwazi olukhulu mayelana nokushintsha ongaqapheli.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana ne-Lewy Body Dementia?

I-Lewy body dementia yisimo esiyinkimbinkimbi esithinta ukucabanga, ukuhamba, nokuziphatha ngezindlela ezihlukile. Nakuba ihlanganisa izinselele ezinkulu, ukuqonda le simo kukwenza ukwazi ukufuna ukunakekelwa okufanele futhi wenze izinqumo ezinolwazi.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi izimpawu zingalawulwa kahle ngendlela yokwelapha efanele. Ukuxilongwa ngokushesha kusiza ukugwema imithi eyingozi futhi kukuvumela ukuthi uhlele ikusasa ngenkathi ugcina ikhwalithi yempilo engcono kakhulu.

Isipiliyoni sabo bonke abantu nge-Lewy body dementia sihlukile. Abanye abantu bagcina ubukhona babo iminyaka eminingi, kanti abanye badinga ukwesekwa okwengeziwe ngokushesha. Ukusebenzisana nabaphathi bezempilo abanolwazi nokuxhumana nemithombo yokwesekwa kusiza ukuba uhambe ngale ndlela ngethemba nokuqiniseka.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Lewy Body Dementia

Abantu bahlala isikhathi esingakanani bephila be-Lewy body dementia?

Abantu abane-Lewy body dementia ngokuvamile bahlala iminyaka engama-5-8 ngemuva kokuxilongwa, nakuba lokhu kuhluka kakhulu. Abanye abantu bahlala isikhathi eside kakhulu, kanti abanye baqhubeka ngokushesha. Izici njengokuphila ngokujwayelekile, ubudala besikhathi sokuxilongwa, nokufinyelela ekunakekelweni kwezokwelapha okuhle kuthinta isikhathi sokuphila. Okubalulekile ukugxila ekhwalithi yempilo nokwenza usuku ngalunye lube lula futhi libe nomqondo.

Ingabe i-Lewy body dementia iyadluliselwa?

I-Lewy body dementia ayidluliselwa ngqo njengezinye izifo ze-genetic, kodwa umlando womndeni udlala indima encane. Ukuba nomzali noma umfowethu one-condition kukhuphula kancane ingozi yakho, kodwa izimo eziningi zenzeka kubantu abangenayo imlando yomndeni. Izici ze-genetic cishe zifaka isandla, kodwa zihlangana nezici zezindawo nezici zokuguga ngezindlela ezinzima abacwaningi abazange baqonde ngokuphelele.

Ingabe i-Lewy body dementia ingavikeleka?

Ayikho indlela ebonakalayo yokuvimbela i-Lewy body dementia, kodwa ezinye izinqumo zokuphila zingase zinciphisa ingozi yakho ye-dementia ngokujwayelekile. Ukuzivocavoca okujwayelekile, ukuhlala uhlanganyela nabantu, ukuphatha impilo yomoya, nokuhlala ugcina ingqondo yakho isebenza ngokufunda kungasiza. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi abathuthukisa le simo baphile impilo enempilo kakhulu, ngakho ukuvimbela akuqinisekisiwe ngokukhetha indlela yokuphila kuphela.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-Lewy body dementia ne-Alzheimer's disease?

I-Lewy body dementia ne-Alzheimer's disease zombili yizinhlobo ze-dementia kodwa zinezimbangela nezimpawu ezahlukene. I-Lewy body dementia ihlanganisa amaqembu e-protein abizwa ngokuthi yi-Lewy bodies, kanti i-Alzheimer's ihlanganisa ama-amyloid plaques nama-tau tangles. I-Lewy body dementia ngokuvamile ihlanganisa imibukisho ebonakalayo, izinkinga zokunyakaza, nokunaka okuhlukahlukene, okuvamile kakhulu ekuqaleni kwe-Alzheimer's disease.

Kungani abantu abane-Lewy body dementia bezwelayo kwimithi ethile?

Abantu abane-Lewy body dementia banezicubu zezinzwa ezonakele ezizwelayo kakhulu kwimithi ethinta i-dopamine, i-brain chemical ehilelekile ekuhambeni nasekucabangeni. Imithi ye-antipsychotic ingavimba i-dopamine futhi iholele ekubeni zimbi kakhulu izinkinga zokunyakaza, ukudideka, noma izingozi ezibulalayo. Lokhu kuzwela kubaluleke kakhulu kangangokuthi kubhekwa njengenye yezici eziyisisekelo odokotela abayibona lapho bexilonga le simo.