Ukuqandukala Ngo-Listeria: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuqandukala ngo-Listeria, okubizwa nangokuthi i-listeriosis, kwenzeka uma udla ukudla okungcolisiwe ngebhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuthi yi-Listeria monocytogenes. Lesi sifo esithathelwana ngokudla singaba nezimpawu ezilula ezifana ne-influenza kuya ezinzimeni ezingathi sína, ikakhulukazi kubesifazane abakhulelwe, abantwana abasanda kuzalwa, nabantu abanezimpande zomzimba ezibuthakathaka.

Abantu abadala abaningi abaphilile abaqandukayo ngo-listeria baba nezimpawu ezilula eziyaphela ngokwazo. Noma kunjalo, lokhu kuqandukala kufanele kunakekelwe ngoba kungabangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu kubantu abasengozini futhi ngezinye izikhathi kudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha.

Iyini I-Listeria Infection?

Ukuqandukala ngo-Listeria kwenzeka uma ibhaktheriya i-Listeria monocytogenes ingena emzimbeni wakho ngokudla noma iziphuzo ezingcolile. Le bhaktheriya eqinile ingaphila futhi iphindaphinde ibe khona emazingeni abandayo, okwenza ikhathazeke kakhulu ekudleni okugcinwe efrijini.

Ibhaktheriya itholakala ngokwemvelo ephusheni, emanzini, nakwizilwane ezithile. Ingangcolisa izinhlobo eziningi zokudla ngesikhathi sokwenziwa, ukupakisha, noma ukugcinwa. Ngokungafani nezinye izinhlobo zebhaktheriya ezithathelwana ngokudla, i-listeria ayishintshi ukunambitheka, iphunga, noma ukubonakala kokudla okungcolile.

Umzimba wakho ngokuvamile ulwa nezingxenye ezincane ze-listeria ngaphandle kokwazi ukuthi ukhombiswe. Izinkinga zivela uma uthola inani elikhulu lebhaktheriya noma uma izingqondo zakho zomzimba zibuthakathaka futhi zingakwazi ukuhlanza ukuqandukala ngokuphumelelayo.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zokuqandukala Ngo-Listeria?

Izimpawu ze-Listeria zingase zihluke kakhulu kuye ngempilo yakho yonke namandla ezingqondo zakho zomzimba. Abantu abaningi baba nezimpawu ezilula ezizwakala njengesihlungu sesisu noma i-influenza.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongazibona zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqanduka nokuthandaza
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha nokukhathala
• Ukuphefumula nokugabha
• Ukuhlanza noma ukugcwala kwesisu
• I-Headache
• Ukulahlekelwa ukudla

Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zivele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emasontweni ambalwa ngemuva kokudla ukudla okungcolile. Isikhathi singase sihluke ngoba i-listeria inesikhathi eside sokuqala sokukhula uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izifo ezithathelwana ngokudla.

Ezimweni ezingathi sína, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanezimpande zomzimba ezibuthakathaka, i-listeria ingasakazeka ngaphezu kwesisu. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, ungase ube nobuhlungu obukhulu bekhanda, ubunzima bomhlathi, ukudideka, noma izinkinga zokulinganisela. Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukuthi ukuqandukala kufinyelele esiswini sakho futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe ngokuvamile baba nezimpawu ezilula, ezifana ne-influenza. Noma kunjalo, ukuqandukala kungaba yingozi kumntwana ophucukayo, okungenzeka kube ukukhulelwa okuphelelwe yisikhathi, ukuzalwa kwengane efile, noma isifo esingathi sína kubantwana abasanda kuzalwa.

Yini Ebangela Ukuqandukala Ngo-Listeria?

Ukuqandukala ngo-Listeria kwenzeka uma uthola into engcolile ngebhaktheriya i-Listeria monocytogenes. Ibhaktheriya ingangcolisa ukudla ezintweni ezahlukene ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa, ukwenziwa, noma ukugcinwa.

Izinhlobo eziningi zokudla zivame ukuhlotshaniswa nokungcola kwe-listeria:

• Amachizi abuthakathaka enziwe ngobisi olungakahlanzwa
• Inyama ebilisiwe nama-hot dog, ikakhulukazi uma angashiswanga kahle
• Ukudla kolwandle okubhekiwe nenhlanzi
• Imifino eluhlaza noma engageziwe nezithelo
• Imikhiqizo yobisi engakahlanzwa
• Ukudla okulungele ukudliwa okuhlale kugcinwe isikhathi eside

Ibhaktheriya ikhula ezindaweni ezimanzi futhi ingaphila emazingeni okubanda. Lokhu kwenza kube yinkinga kakhulu ekudleni okugcinwe efrijini futhi kudliwe ngaphandle kokupheka.

Ukungcola okungaphezulu ekhishini lakho kungasakaza i-listeria. Lokhu kwenzeka uma ukudla okungcolile kuqhakambisana nokudla okuhlanzekile, noma uma usebenzisa ibhodi lokusika elifanayo noma izitsha ngaphandle kokuhlambela kahle phakathi kokusebenzisa.

Ngokungavamile, ungathola i-listeria ngokuqhakambisana ngqo nezilwane ezingcolile noma umhlabathi ongcolile. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka kubantu abasebenza nezilwane noma ezindaweni zezolimo.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Ngokuqandukala Ngo-Listeria?

Kufanele uthinte umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma uthola izimpawu ezingathi sína noma ungumuntu osengozini enkulu. Abantu abadala abaningi abaphilile abanezibonakaliso ezilula bangaphila ekhaya ngokunakekelwa okuhambisanayo.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uthola ubuhlungu obukhulu bekhanda, ubunzima bomhlathi, ukudideka, noma ubunzima bokuqondisa. Lezi zimpawu zibonisa ukuthi ukuqandukala kungase kuye esiswini sakho, okudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe kufanele bathinte udokotela wabo ngokushesha uma becabanga ukuthi bakhombiswe i-listeria, ngisho noma benesimpawu esilula. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kungasiza ukuvikela umama nomntwana kokubili ekuqandukaleni okungathi sína.

Abantu abanezimpande zomzimba ezibuthakathaka, abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, nalabo abanezimo ezingapheli njengoshukela noma isifo sesibindi kufanele bafune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha. Izingqondo zakho zomzimba ezibuthakathaka zingase zilwe nokuqandukala ngokuphumelelayo.

Uma izimpawu zakho ziyanda noma azithuthuki ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, kuhle ukuhlola umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo. Bangakwazi ukuthola ukuthi udinga ukuhlolwa noma ukwelashwa.

Ziyini Izingozi Zokuqandukala Ngo-Listeria?

Amaqembu athile abantu abhekene nengozi enkulu yokuthola ukuqandukala okungathi sína kwe-listeria. Ukuqonda lezi zici zengozi kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele.

Amaqembu asengozini enkulu ahlanganisa:

• Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabantwana babo abangazalwanga
• Abantwana abasanda kuzalwa nabantwana
• Abantu abadala abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-65
• Abantu abanezimpande zomzimba ezibuthakathaka
• Abantu abathintekayo ngemithi yokunciphisa izingqondo zomzimba
• Abantu abanezimo ezingapheli njengo-HIV, umdlavuza, noma ushukela

Ukukhulelwa kudala ushintsho oluvamile ezingqondweni zakho zomzimba okwenza ube sengozini enkulu ye-listeria. Ibhaktheriya ingawela i-placenta futhi iqande umntwana wakho ophucukayo, ngisho noma unezimpawu ezilula kuphela.

Ushintsho oluhlobene nobudala emisebenzini yezingqondo zomzimba kwenza abantu abadala babe sengozini enkulu yokuqandukala okungathi sína. Amandla omzimba wakho okuqeda ibhaktheriya ngokwemvelo wehla njengoba ukhula.

Imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi leyo esetshenziswa ngemuva kokutshalwa kwezitho noma ngezimo zokuzimela komzimba, icindezela amandla ezingqondo zakho zomzimba okuqeda ukuqandukala. Ukwelashwa komdlavuza njenge-chemotherapy futhi kwenza amandla akho okumelana nebhaktheriya abe buthakathaka okwesikhashana.

Ziyini Iziphazamiso Ezingaba khona Zokuqandukala Ngo-Listeria?

Nakuba abantu abaningi abaphilile bephulukana no-listeria ngaphandle kokuthi kube khona iziphazamiso ezihlala njalo, kungenzeka kube khona izinkinga ezingathi sína, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasengozini enkulu. Ukuqonda lezi zinkinga ezingaba khona kukusiza ukuthi uqaphele ukuthi nini kufanele ufunani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo.

Inkinga enkulu kunazo zonke yi-listeriosis ehlala njalo, lapho ibhaktheriya isakazeka ngaphezu kwesisu sakho. Lokhu kungabangela:

• I-Meningitis (ukuqandukala kwama-membranes eduze nobuchopho bakho nomgogodla)
• I-Septicemia (ukuqandukala kwegazi)
• Ukuqandukala kobuchopho noma i-encephalitis
• Ukuqandukala kwevalvu yenhliziyo
• Ukuqandukala kwamajozi namathambo

I-Meningitis ebangelwa yi-listeria ingabangela ukonakala okungapheli kwesistimu yezinzwa, okuhlanganisa ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa, izinkinga zokukhumbula, noma ubunzima bokulinganisela. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kuthuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela, kungakho ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo kubalulekile.

Kubantu abakhulelwe, i-listeria ingabangela ukuphazamiseka okubhubhisayo kokukhulelwa. Ukuqandukala kungabangela ukukhulelwa okuphelelwe yisikhathi, ngokuvamile esigabeni sesibili, noma ukuzalwa kwengane efile. Izingane ezizalwa kumama abane-listeria zingase zithole ukuqandukala okungathi sína ngokushesha ngemuva kokuzalwa.

Abantwana abasanda kuzalwa abane-listeria infection bangase babe nobunzima bokuqeda, izinkinga zokudla, ukucasuka, noma ukuqanduka. Abanye abantwana bathuthukisa i-meningitis noma i-sepsis, okungaba yingozi uma kungenakwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ngisho nabantu abadala abaphilile bangase bathuthukise izinkinga ezingathi sína uma ukuqandukala kusakazeka emzimbeni wonke. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuvamile uma kunakekelwa kahle kwezokwelapha kutholakala ngokushesha.

Ukuqandukala Ngo-Listeria Kungavikeleka Kanjani?

Ukuvimbela ukuqandukala ngo-listeria kuhilela ukuphathwa kokudla nokugcinwa okucophelelayo. Njengoba ibhaktheriya ingaphila emazingeni abandayo, ukuphepha kokudla okuhle kuba kubaluleke kakhulu.

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokuvimbela zihlanganisa:

• Phekisa inyama nezinyoni kuze kufike emazingeni okushisa angaphakathi aphephile
• Geza imifino nezithelo eluhlaza ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwamanzi agijimayo
• Gcina ifriji yakho ku-40°F (4°C) noma ngaphansi
• Sebenzisa amabhodi okusika ahlukene enyama eluhlaza nakwezinye izinto zokudla
• Geza izandla, izitsha, nezinye izinto ngemuva kokuphatha ukudla okuluhlaza
• Dla ukudla okonakala ngokushesha futhi ungalugcini isikhathi eside

Abantu abasengozini enkulu kufanele bathathe izinyathelo ezengeziwe ngokugwema ukudla okuthile ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amachizi abuthakathaka enziwe ngobisi olungakahlanzwa, inyama ebilisiwe ngaphandle kokushisa kuze kube yilapho ishisayo, nokudla kolwandle okubhekiwe.

Uma uphatha inyama ebilisiwe noma ama-hot dog, ushisa kuze kube yilapho eshisayo ngaphambi kokudla. Lokhu kubulala noma iyiphi ibhaktheriya ye-listeria engase ibe ingcolile umkhiqizo ngesikhathi sokwenziwa noma ukugcinwa.

Gcina ifriji yakho ihlanzekile ngokuhlanza njalo izinto ezichithakele futhi uhlanze izinto ngamanzi afudumele, ane-sabu. Qaphela izindawo lapho amanzi enyama eluhlaza angase achithe khona.

Funda imibhalo yokudla ngokucophelela futhi ukhethe imikhiqizo ehlanzekile uma kungenzeka. Ukuhlanza kubulala i-listeria nezinye izinhlobo zebhaktheriya eziyingozi ngenkathi kulondoloza ukudla okuhlalisayo kokudla.

Ukuqandukala Ngo-Listeria Kuhlolwa Kanjani?

Ukuhlola ukuqandukala ngo-listeria kudinga ukuhlolwa kwelebhu ngoba izimpawu ngokuvamile zifana nezinye izifo. Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzoqala ngokuxoxa ngezimpawu zakho nomlando wakho wokudla muva nje.

Ukuhlolwa okuvamile kakhulu yi-blood culture, lapho isampula legazi lakho ihlolwa ukuthi ikhona yini ibhaktheriya ye-listeria. Lokhu kuhlolwa kungathatha amahora angu-24 kuya kwangu-48 ukuze kubonise imiphumela ngoba ibhaktheriya idinga isikhathi sokuthuthuka elebhu.

Uma udokotela wakho ecubungula ukuthi ukuqandukala kuye esiswini sakho, angase acebise i-lumbar puncture (spinal tap). Le nqubo ihilela ukuthatha isampula encane yamanzi omgogodla ukuze ihlolwe ibhaktheriya nezibonakaliso zokuqandukala.

Ezimweni ezithile, udokotela wakho angase ahlole izampula zamanye amanzi omzimba noma amatishu, kuye ngezimpawu zakho. Izampula zesitulo ngezinye izikhathi ziyalingwa, nakuba i-listeria ingabonakali njalo esitulwini ngisho noma ikhona emzimbeni wakho.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzobuye acubungule izingozi zakho nomlando wokukhombiswa uma enza ukuxilongwa. Uma ukhulelwe noma unezimpande zomzimba ezibuthakathaka, bangase babe nethuba elikhulu lokuhlola i-listeria ngisho noma unezimpawu ezilula.

Ukwelashwa Kokuqandukala Ngo-Listeria Kuyini?

Ukwelashwa kokuqandukala ngo-listeria kuya ngokuthi izimpawu zakho zinzima kangakanani nempilo yakho yonke. Abantu abadala abaningi abaphilile abanezibonakaliso ezilula bayaphila ngaphandle kokwelashwa okuqondile.

Ngokuqondene nokuqandukala okungathi sína noma iziguli ezisengozini enkulu, odokotela ngokuvamile banikeza ama-antibiotic. I-antibiotic evamile kakhulu yi-ampicillin, ngokuvamile ihlanganiswe ne-gentamicin ezimweni ezingathi sína. Le miyekezo ngokuvamile inikezwa nge-intravenously esibhedlela.

Abesifazane abakhulelwe abane-listeria infection eqinisekisiwe bathola ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic ngokushesha ukuvikela umama nomntwana kokubili. Ukwelashwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kungavimbela ukudluliselwa kwesilwane esingazalwanga futhi kunciphisa ingozi yokuphazamiseka kokukhulelwa.

Uma une-listeriosis ehlala njalo ethonya ubuchopho bakho noma isistimu yakho yezinzwa, uzodinga ukulaliswa esibhedlela ukuze uthole ukwelashwa okukhulu. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuhilela ama-antibiotic aphezulu e-intravenous amasonto amaningana.

Udokotela wakho uzolandelela impendulo yakho ekwelapheni ngokuhlola igazi okulandelayo nokulinganisa izimpawu. Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa bephilile ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa okufanele ngama-antibiotic.

Ukunakekelwa okuhambisanayo kubalulekile futhi ngesikhathi sokuphulukana. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlala uthambile, ukuphumula ngokwanele, nokuphatha izimpawu njengokuqanduka nobuhlungu ngemithi efanele.

Indlela Yokuthatha Ukwelashwa Ekhaya Ngesikhathi Sokuqandukala Ngo-Listeria?

Uma unezimpawu ezilula ze-listeria futhi udokotela wakho eqinisekisa ukuthi ungaphila ekhaya, gxila ekunakekelweni okuhambisanayo nokubheka isimo sakho. Ukuphumula nokudla okuhle kuyasiza umzimba wakho ukulwa nokuqandukala.

Hlala uthambile ngokuphuza amanzi amaningi acacile njengamanzi, ama-broths acacile, noma izixazululo ze-electrolyte. Gwema utshwala ne-caffeine, okungase kube yimbangela yokuphelelwa amanzi uma ugula.

Phatha ukuqanduka nobuhlungu bomzimba ngemithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle njenge-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen. Landela imiyalo yephakheji futhi ungadluli amanani acishe.

Dla ukudla okulula, okulula ukuqeda uma uzizwa ukhulu. Ukudla kwe-BRAT (amabhanana, urayisi, i-applesauce, i-toast) kungaba mnandi esiswini sakho ngesikhathi sokuphulukana.

Bheka izimpawu zakho ngokucophelela futhi uxhumane nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uma ziyanda noma izimpawu ezintsha zivele. Gcina ulandelela ukushisa kwakho futhi uqaphele noma yikuphi ushintsho esimweni sakho.

Gwema ukulungiselela ukudla kwabanye uma unezimpawu ukuze uvikele ukusakazeka kokuqandukala. Geza izandla zakho njalo futhi ngokuphelele, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokusebenzisa igumbi lokugezela.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Kulodokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuya kudo kotela wakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nokwelashwa okufanele. Buthana ulwazi olufanele mayelana nezimpawu zakho nemisebenzi yakho yakamuva ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zinzima kangakanani. Qaphela noma iyiphi imizamo, njengokuthi izimpawu ziyanda ngezikhathi ezithile noma zithuthuke ngokuphumula.

Yenza uhlu oluqondile lokudla okuye wadla ezinyangeni ezedlule, uqaphele izinto ezisengozini enkulu njengenyama ebilisiwe, amachizi abuthakathaka, noma ukudla okulungele ukudliwa. Faka lapho uthenge khona lezi zinto uma kungenzeka.

Letha uhlu lwazo zonke imithi oyithathayo njengamanje, kufaka phakathi imithi yokwelapha, imithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle, nezinye izinto. Imithi ethile ingathinta izingqondo zakho zomzimba noma ihlangane nokwelashwa okungenzeka.

Lungiselela ulwazi mayelana nomlando wakho wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi noma iyiphi isimo elingase lithinte izingqondo zakho zomzimba. Faka imininingwane mayelana nezifo zakamuva, ukuhlinzwa, noma ezinye izinkinga zezempilo.

Bhala imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho, njengokuthi kungathatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukana, izinkinga okufanele uzibheke, noma nini lapho ungabuyela khona emisebenzini evamile.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana nokuqandukala ngo-Listeria?

Ukuqandukala ngo-Listeria kuyisifo esithathelwana ngokudla esisuka kulokho okulula kuya kokungathi sína kuye ngesimo sakho sempilo namandla ezingqondo zakho zomzimba. Abantu abadala abaningi abaphilile baba nezimpawu ezifana ne-influenza futhi bayaphila ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.

Ukuqondisa ukuqondisa i-listeria kusebenza ekuvimbweni ngokusebenzisa ukuphepha kokudla okuhle nokuqaphela ukuthi nini kufanele ufunani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha. Abantu abasengozini enkulu, kufaka phakathi abesifazane abakhulelwe nalabo abanezimpande zomzimba ezibuthakathaka, badinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo ngisho noma benesimpawu esilula.

Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa okufanele, uma kudingeka, kuholela emiphumeleni emihle kakhulu ezimweni eziningi. Ukuqandukala kuphendula kahle kuma-antibiotic uma ukwelashwa kudingeka, futhi izinkinga ezingathi sína zingavikeleka ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele.

Gxila ezindleleni zokuphepha kokudla ukuze uzivimbele wena nomndeni wakho. Uma ungaqiniseki ngokuphepha kokudla noma uma uthola izimpawu ezikhathazayo, ungangabazi ukuthintana nomhlinzeki wakho wezempilo ukuze uthole isiqondiso.

Imibuzo Evamile Ebuzwa Mayelana nokuqandukala Ngo-Listeria

Ukuqandukala ngo-listeria kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani?

Abantu abadala abaningi abaphilile bayaphila ngo-listeria phakathi kwezinsuku ezimbalwa kuya kwesonto ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Noma kunjalo, izimpawu zingase ziqhubeke amasonto amaningana kwezinye izimo. Uma uthola ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotic, ngokuvamile uqala ukuzizwa ukhulu ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3 ngemuva kokuqala imithi.

Ungathola yini i-listeria emifinini?

Yebo, ungathola i-listeria emifinini engcolile, ikakhulukazi leyo edliwayo eluhlaza njenge-lettuce, ama-sprouts, ne-cantaloupe. Ibhaktheriya ingangcolisa imikhiqizo ngomhlabathi, amanzi, noma ngesikhathi sokwenziwa nokupakisha. Geza njalo imifino nezithelo ngaphansi kwamanzi agijimayo ngaphambi kokudla.

Ingabe i-listeria iyadluliselwa kubantu?

I-Listeria ngokuvamile ayidluliselwa kubantu ngokuxhumana okuvamile. Noma kunjalo, abesifazane abakhulelwe bangadlulisela ukuqandukala kubantwana babo abangazalwanga, futhi abantwana abasanda kuzalwa bangase badlulisele kwabanye abantwana ezindaweni zezibhedlela. Indlela ebaluleke kakhulu yokuqandukala ngukudla okungcolile.

Izimpawu ze-listeria zivele ngokushesha kangakanani?

Izimpawu ze-Listeria zingase zivele noma kuphi kusuka ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emasontweni amaningana ngemuva kokudla ukudla okungcolile, abantu abaningi bethola izimpawu phakathi kweviki eli-1-4. Lesi sikhathi eside sokuqala sokukhula kwenza kube nzima ukuthola umthombo oqondile wokuqandukala. Ezimweni ezingathi sína ezithinta isistimu yezinzwa, izimpawu zingase zivele ngokushesha.

Ingabe i-listeria ingabulawa ngokupheka?

Yebo, ukupheka ukudla kuze kufike emazingeni okushisa afanele kubulala ibhaktheriya ye-listeria. Shisa ukudla kuze kufike ku-165°F (74°C) ukuze uqiniseke ukuphepha...