Umphofushwa Lwe-Liver? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Umphofushwa we-liver kwenzeka lapho amaseli angaqondakali e-liver yakho ekhula ngokungaphatheki futhi akha ama-tumors. I-liver yakho, omunye wemizimba yakho emikhulu kunayo yonke, ihlala engxenyeni ephezulu ngakwesokudla yesisu lakho futhi isebenza kanzima ukuhlanza izinto eziyingozi, ikhiqize amaprotheni, futhi isize ekugayeni ukudla.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zokumphofushwa we-liver. Umphofushwa we-liver oyinhloko uqala e-liver ngokwayo, kuyilapho umphofushwa we-liver wesibili usakazeka e-liver evela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Ukuqonda umehluko kusiza odokotela ukuba bakhethe indlela yokwelapha efanele isimo sakho esithile.

Ziyini izimpawu zokumphofushwa we-liver?

Umphofushwa we-liver osukuqala ngokuvamile awubangeli izimpawu ezibonakalayo, kungakho ngezinye izikhathi ubizwa ngokuthi “ugula oluthulile.” Uma izimpawu zivele, zingazizwa zingenangqondo futhi zifane nezinye izinkinga zempilo ezivamile.

Nawa izimpawu ongazihlangabezana nazo njengoba umphofushwa we-liver ukhula:

• Ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki ngaphandle kokuzimisela ukulahlekelwa isisindo
• Ukwehla kwesifiso sokudla noma ukuzizwa ugcwele ngemuva kokudla izinto ezincane
• Ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki esiswini esiphezulu, ikakhulukazi ngakwesokudla
• Ukukhula esiswini sakho ngenxa yokwakheka kwamanzi
• Ukufiphaza kwesikhumba nemihlobiso yamehlo (jaundice)
• Ukukhathala okungavamile okungaphuli ngokuphumula
• Ukuphefumula nokugabha
• Izisu ezimhlophe noma ezimhlophe njengotshani

Abanye abantu baphawula nokuthi umchamo wabo uba mnyama kunokujwayelekile. Lezi zimpawu zingakhula kancane kancane ezinyangeni noma ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Khumbula, ukuba nalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi unemphofushwa we-liver, njengoba izimo eziningi zingabangela imizwa efanayo.

Ziyini izinhlobo zokumphofushwa we-liver?

Umphofushwa we-liver oyinhloko uqala e-liver yakho futhi uza ngezindlela eziningi. Uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu yi-hepatocellular carcinoma, emele cishe u-80% wazo zonke izinhlobo zokumphofushwa we-liver oyinhloko.

I-Hepatocellular carcinoma ngokuvamile ithuthukela kubantu abasenesifo se-liver noma i-cirrhosis. Ngokuvamile ikhula kancane ekuqaleni kodwa ingasakazeka kwezinye izingxenye ze-liver yakho noma umzimba wakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile zihlanganisa i-cholangiocarcinoma, eqala emithanjeni ye-bile e-liver yakho. Lolu hlobo lungenani kodwa lungaba nzima ukulwelapha ngoba ngokuvamile lutholakala kamuva.

Umphofushwa we-liver wesibili, obizwa nangokuthi umphofushwa we-liver we-metastatic, empeleni uvame kakhulu kunumphofushwa we-liver oyinhloko. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho umphofushwa ovela kwenye ingxenye yomzimba usakazeka e-liver yakho ngegazi lakho noma uhlelo lwe-lymphatic.

Yini ebangela umphofushwa we-liver?

Umphofushwa we-liver uthuthukela lapho i-DNA emaseleni e-liver lilimazeka, libangela ukukhula kwabo ngokungaphatheki. Lolu lilimaza lingaba khona ngezizathu eziningi, futhi ukuqonda lezi zimbangela kungakusiza ukuba wenze izinqumo ezilwemi ngempilo yakho.

Izimbangela ezivamile kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka okuqhubekayo kwe-hepatitis B noma i-hepatitis C
• I-Cirrhosis evela ekusetshenzisweni okuqhubekayo kotshwala
• I-Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
• Ukuvezwa kwa-aflatoxins (izinto eziyingozi ezivela ezinhlanzini noma ezinuts ezimvundile)
• Izifo ze-liver ezitholakala ngokuzalwa njenge-Wilson’s disease
• I-Diabetes, ikakhulukazi uma ihlangene nezinye izimo ze-liver
• Ukukhuluphala ne-metabolic syndrome

Ezinye izimbangela ezingavamile zihlanganisa ukuvezwa ezintweni ezithile eziyingozi njenge-vinyl chloride noma i-thorium dioxide. Ama-steroids okuthuthukisa umzimba asebenziswa isikhathi eside angakhuphula nethuba lakho, nakuba lokhu kungavamile.

Ukuba nokunye kwalokhu okungozini akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa umphofushwa we-liver. Abantu abaningi abanezi zimo abazuthuthukisi umphofushwa, kuyilapho abanye abangenazo izimbangela ezicacile ngezinye izikhathi bayenza.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela ngenxa yomphofushwa we-liver?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu eziqhubekayo ezikukhathazayo, ikakhulukazi uma zihlala amasonto amaningana. Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kungahlanganisa umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni yokwelapha.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uqaphela ukufiphaza kwesikhumba sakho noma amehlo, njengoba lokhu kungabonisa inkinga enzima ye-liver edinga ukuhlolwa ngokushesha. Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu noma ukukhula okungazelelwe esiswini sakho kuyadingeka ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo.

Uma unezinto ezingozini njenge-hepatitis noma i-cirrhosis, ukuhlolwa okuvamile nodokotela wakho kubaluleke nakakhulu. Bangalandelela impilo yakho ye-liver futhi babambe noma yiziphi izinguquko ngokushesha.

Ziyini izinto ezingozini zokumphofushwa we-liver?

Izinto eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okukhula komphofushwa we-liver, nakuba ukuba nezinto ezingozini akusho ukuthi uzothola le gciwane. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingozini kusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuba nizenze izinqumo ezinhle zempilo yakho.

Izinto ezingozini ezibaluleke kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukutheleleka okuqhubekayo kwe-hepatitis B noma i-C
• I-Cirrhosis evela kunoma iyiphi imbangela
• Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kotshwala iminyaka eminingi
• I-Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
• I-Diabetes
• Ukukhuluphala
• Umlando womndeni wumphofushwa we-liver
• Ukuba owesilisa (abesilisa banamathuba amaningi okukhula komphofushwa we-liver)
• Iminyaka engaphezu kuka-60

Ezinye izinto ezingavamile ezingozini zihlanganisa izimo ezithile ze-genetic njenge-hemochromatosis, ebangela ukuba umzimba wakho uthathe insimbi eningi kakhulu. I-Primary biliary cholangitis ne-alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency yizimo ezimbili ezingavamile ze-genetic ezingandisa ingozi.

Izici zezwe zidlalela indima. Amanani omphofushwa we-liver aphezulu ezingxenyeni zase-Asia nase-Afrika lapho ukutheleleka kwe-hepatitis B kuvamile khona.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona zokumphofushwa we-liver?

Umphofushwa we-liver ungabangela izinhlanganisela eziningi ezinkulu njengoba ukhula, uthinta kokubili umsebenzi we-liver yakho nempilo yakho yonke. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingaba khona kusiza wena neqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuba nilungiselele futhi niphendule ngokufanele.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Ukwehluleka kwe-liver njengoba amaseli omphofushwa esikhundla ithishu ye-liver enempilo
• Ukubunjwa kwamanzi esiswini sakho (ascites)
• Ukuphuza igazi evela emithanjeni yegazi eyongeziwe e-esophagus yakho
• Ukuphazamiseka noma ukuguquka kwengqondo ngenxa yokwakheka kwezinto eziyingozi
• Izinkinga zezinso
• Ukusazeka komphofushwa kwezinye izitho

Abanye abantu bathuthukisa i-portal hypertension, eyenzeka lapho ukugeleza kwegazi nge-liver kuvinjelwe. Lokhu kungabangela ukuphuza igazi okungozi futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Izinhlanganisela ezingavamile zihlanganisa ama-blood clots emithanjeni yegazi ye-liver noma ukutheleleka okukhulu. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokulandelela eduze ukuze libambe futhi liphathe noma yiziphi izinhlanganisela ngokushesha.

Umphofushwa we-liver ungavikeleka kanjani?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimbela zonke izimo zokumphofushwa we-liver, ungathatha izinyathelo ezibalulekile zokunciphisa ingozi yakho kakhulu. Izindlela eziningi zokuvimbela zigxile ekuvikeleni i-liver yakho ekubhujisweni okungabangela umphofushwa.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ezisebenza kakhulu zihlanganisa ukuthola ukugonywa kwe-hepatitis B uma ungakagonywa. Lokhu kugonywa kusebenza kakhulu futhi kungavimbela esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko zokumphofushwa we-liver emhlabeni jikelele.

Ukulinganisela ukusetshenziswa kotshwala kuvikela i-liver yakho e-cirrhosis, okwandisa kakhulu ingozi yomphofushwa. Uma uphuza utshwala, zama ukulandela imingcele ecebiswayo noma cabanga ukuyidedela uma unezinye izinto ezingozini ze-liver.

Ukugcina isisindo esinempilo ngokuzivocavoca okuvamile nokudla okulinganiselayo kusiza ukuvimbela i-fatty liver disease. Gxila ekudleni izithelo eziningi, imifino, nezinhlanzi eziphelele ngenkathi ugcina ukudla okucutshunguliwe noshukela oluengeziwe.

Uma une-hepatitis B noma i-C, sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuze uphathe ukutheleleka ngemithi yokulwa ne-viral. Lezi zindlela zokwelapha zinganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokukhula komphofushwa we-liver.

Umphofushwa we-liver utholakala kanjani?

Ukuthola umphofushwa we-liver ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuhlolwa okuningi okusiza udokotela wakho ukuba abone ukuthi kwenzekani ngaphakathi kwe-liver yakho. Inqubo ngokuvamile iqala ngokuhlonzwa kwegazi nokufunda izithombe ukuze uthole umfanekiso ocacile.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzoqala ngokuhlonzwa kwegazi ukuze ahlole umsebenzi we-liver yakho futhi abuke izimpawu ze-tumor njenge-alpha-fetoprotein (AFP). Amazinga aphezulu e-AFP angabonisa umphofushwa we-liver, nakuba akuwona wonke umuntu onomphofushwa we-liver onamazinga aphezulu.

Ukuhlolwa kwezithombe njenge-CT scans, MRI, noma i-ultrasound kusiza odokotela ukuba babone usayizi, indawo, nenani lama-tumors e-liver yakho. Lezi zivivinyo azina buhlungu futhi zinikeza izithombe eziningiliziwe zesakhiwo se-liver yakho.

Ngezinye izikhathi i-liver biopsy idingeka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuxilongwa. Phakathi nale nqubo, udokotela wakho ususa isampula encane yethishu ye-liver ukuze ayihlole ngaphansi komkhiqizo. Lokhu kunikeza impendulo eqinisekile kakhulu mayelana nokuthi amaseli omphofushwa akhona yini.

Ezimweni ezithile, odokotela bangaxilonga umphofushwa we-liver ngokusekelwe ezithombeni kuphela, ikakhulukazi uma une-cirrhosis futhi i-tumor inezici ezibonakalayo eziskenini.

Iyini indlela yokwelapha umphofushwa we-liver?

Indlela yokwelapha umphofushwa we-liver ixhomeke ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi usayizi nendawo yama-tumors, ukuthi i-liver yakho isebenza kangcono kangakanani, nempilo yakho yonke. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizo sebenzisana nawe ukwakha uhlelo lokwelapha oluqondene nawe.

Ukuhlinzwa kunikeza ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuphulukisa lapho umphofushwa utholakala ngokushesha futhi awusakazekanga ngaphandle kwe-liver. Izindlela zihlanganisa ukususa ingxenye ye-liver yakho (i-partial hepatectomy) noma, kwezinye izimo, ukutshalwa kwe-liver.

Ngama-tumors angasuswa ngokuhlinzwa, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingasiza ukulawula umphofushwa nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo:

• I-Ablation therapy ibhubhisa amaseli omphofushwa usebenzisa ukushisa, ukubanda, noma utshwala
• I-Embolization ivala ukugeleza kwegazi kuma-tumors
• I-Radiation therapy ihlose amaseli omphofushwa ngemisebe yamandla aphezulu
• I-Targeted drug therapy ihlasela izici ezithile zamaseli omphofushwa
• I-Immunotherapy iyasiza uhlelo lwakho lokulwa nezifo ukulwa nomphofushwa
• I-Chemotherapy, nakuba ingavamile ukusetshenziswa ngokumphofushwa we-liver

Abanye abantu bazuza ngokuhlanganisa izindlela zokwelapha. Isibonelo, ungaba ne-ablation therapy elandelwa imithi ehloselwe, noma ukuhlinzwa kuhlanganiswe ne-chemotherapy.

Ukukhathalela okuthuthukisayo kugxila ekulawuleni izimpawu nokwenza kube lula lapho ukwelapha okuphulukisayo kungekho khona. Lokhu kunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okukhethekile kungathuthukisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yempilo yakho phakathi nokwelapha.

Indlela yokuphatha umphofushwa we-liver ekhaya?

Ukukhathalela wena ekhaya kudlala indima ebalulekile ehlelweni lakho lokwelapha lonke. Ukuguqulwa okulula emikhwenyeni yakho yansuku zonke kungakusiza uzizwe kangcono futhi usekele izindlela zakho zokwelapha.

Ukudla kahle kuba yinto ebaluleke kakhulu lapho unemphofushwa we-liver. Gxila ekutholeni amaprotheni anele ukuze usize umzimba wakho uhlale uqine, futhi zama ukudla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile uma uzizwa ugcwele ngokushesha.

Hlala uthambile ngokuphuza amanzi amaningi usuku lonke. Gwema utshwala ngokuphelele, njengoba lungalimaza i-liver yakho nakuba ungaphuzi kakhulu.

Ukuzivocavoca okulula njengokuhamba kungasiza ekugcineni amandla akho namandla. Lalela umzimba wakho uphumule uma udinga, kodwa zama ukuhlala usebenza ngangokunokwenzeka ngaphakathi kwezinga lakho lokuthula.

Gcina ulandelela izimpawu zakho nanoma yiziphi izinguquko ozibona. Lolu lwazi lusiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukulungisa uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha njengoba kudingeka.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuvakasha kwakho nodokotela kusiza ukuba wenze okuningi ngesikhathi sakho ndawonye futhi kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ulwazi oludingayo. Ukulungiselela kancane kungenza lezi zi-appointments zibe nomphumela futhi zingabi nomthwalo.

Bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi ziguquke kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Faka imininingwane mayelana namazinga obuhlungu, ukuguquka kwesifiso sokudla, nanoma yiziphi ezinye izinkathazo ozibonile.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke imithi, izithasiselo, namavithamini owaqaphela. Faka imithamo nokuthi uwaphuza kangaki, njengoba ezinye izinto zingathinta i-liver yakho.

Lungisa uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho. Ungakhathazeki ngokubuza imibuzo eminingi kakhulu - iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lifuna ukukusiza uqonde isimo sakho nezindlela zokwelapha.

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani emihlanganweni yakho. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olubalulekile futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo phakathi kokukhuluma okunzima.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana nomphofushwa we-liver?

Umphofushwa we-liver uyisimo esinzima, kodwa ukuqonda kuwunika amandla ukuba wenze izinqumo ezilwemi ngempilo yakho. Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelapha kuthuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela, kungakho ukunaka izimpawu nezinto ezingozini kubalulekile.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nezinto ezingozini akusho ukuthi uzokuthuthukisa umphofushwa we-liver, futhi izindlela zokwelapha eziningi ezisebenza ziyatholakala. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha yilona thuluzi lakho elihle kakhulu lokuthola iseluleko nokunakekelwa okuqondene nawe.

Gxila kulokho ongakulawula - ukugcina impilo enempilo, ukulandela uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha, nokuxhumana nabaphakeli bakho bezempilo. Uhambo lwabantu ngabanye ngokumphofushwa we-liver luhlukile, futhi ithemba lihlala liyingxenye ebalulekile yenqubo yokwelapha.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana nomphofushwa we-liver

Ingabe umphofushwa we-liver ungaphuliwa ngokuphelele?

Yebo, umphofushwa we-liver ungaphuliwa, ikakhulukazi uma utholakala ngokushesha futhi umphofushwa awusakazekanga ngaphandle kwe-liver. Ukuhlinzwa kunikeza ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuphulukisa ngokuphelele, abantu abaningi bephila impilo evamile ngemuva kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo. Ngisho nasezimweni eziphambili, izindlela zokwelapha zingandisa impilo kakhulu futhi zithuthukise ikhwalithi yempilo.

Umphofushwa we-liver usakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani?

Umphofushwa we-liver usakazeka ngezilinganiso ezahlukene kuye ngohlobo nezici zomuntu ngamunye. Abanye umphofushwa we-liver ukhula kancane ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni, kuyilapho abanye bengathuthuka ngokushesha. Udokotela wakho angahlola isimo sakho esithile futhi akusize uqonde ukuthi yini okufanele uyilindele ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yakho yokuhlolwa nezici zomphofushwa.

Ingabe umphofushwa we-liver ubuhlungu?

Umphofushwa we-liver awuhlali ubangela ubuhlungu, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni zokuqala. Uma ubuhlungu bukhona, ngokuvamile buzwakala njengokuhlungu okumnandi noma ukungakhululeki engxenyeni ephezulu ngakwesokudla sesisu. Ukulawula ubuhlungu kuyiyingxenye ebalulekile yokwelapha, futhi iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lingakusiza uhlale ukhululekile phakathi kokunakekelwa kwakho.

Ungaphila yini ngengxenye ye-liver yakho esusiwe?

Yebo, ungaphila kahle ngengxenye ye-liver yakho esusiwe ngoba i-liver inamandla okuzithuthukisa. Ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, ithishu ye-liver esele impilo ingakhula ibuyele cishe usayizi ojwayelekile phakathi nezinyanga ezimbalwa. Abantu abaningi babuyela emisebenzini yabo evamile futhi baphila impilo ephelele ngemuva kokususa ingxenye ye-liver.

Yikuphi ukudla okufanele ngikugweme ngokumphofushwa we-liver?

Gwema utshwala ngokuphelele, njengoba lungalimaza i-liver yakho. Linganisela ukudla okucutshunguliwe, usawoti olukhulu, nokudla okunamafutha amaningi. Gxila ekudleni amaprotheni athambile, izithelo, imifino, nezinhlanzi eziphelele. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha noma isazi sokudla lingakunikeza iseluleko sokudla esihambelana nezidingo zakho nehlobo lokwelapha.