Ukuhlushwa yi-Long QT Syndrome? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Long QT syndrome yisimo senhliziyo esithinta indlela i-elekthrikhi yesistimu yenhliziyo yakho esebenza ngayo. Ithola igama layo epatheleni elithile odokotela abalibona ekuhlolweni kwe-electrocardiogram (ECG), lapho ingxenye ethile yomjikelezo wokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho ithatha isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile.

Lesi simo singabangela inhliziyo yakho ukuba ishaye ngejubane, ngendlela engalawulekiyo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-torsades de pointes. Nakuba lokhu kungase kuzwakale kukhulu, abantu abaningi abane-long QT syndrome baphila impilo evamile, enempilo ngokunakekelwa okuqondile nokuqaphela.

Iyini i-Long QT Syndrome?

I-Long QT syndrome kwenzeka lapho inhliziyo yakho ithatha isikhathi eside kakhulu ukuze ibuyele emuva phakathi kokushaya. Cabanga ngenhliziyo yakho njengendlela ye-elekthrikhi edinga ukugcwaliswa kabusha ngemuva kwesigamu ngasinye ukuze ihlale ihambisana.

I-“QT interval” ibhekisela ekulinganisweni kokulandelela kwe-elekthrikhi yenhliziyo yakho. Uma lesi sikhathi sibude kunokujwayelekile, singadala ifasitela lapho izindlela zokushaya kwenhliziyo ezingahle zibe khona. Lesi simo singaba yinto ozalwa nayo noma uthuthukise ngenxa yemithi noma ezinye izinkinga zempilo.

Abantu abaningi abane-long QT syndrome banesimo senhliziyo esijwayelekile ngokuphelele. Inkinga ikhona ngokukhethekile ezinkomba ze-elekthrikhi ezilandelelana nokushaya kwenhliziyo yakho.

Ziyini Izimpawu ze-Long QT Syndrome?

Abantu abaningi abane-long QT syndrome abanawo noma yimiphi impawu nhlobo. Uma izimpawu zivele, ngokuvamile zenzeka ngoba inhliziyo yakho ishaya isikhathi esithile ngendlela eyingozi.

Nazi izimpawu eziyinhloko ongaziqaphela:

• Ukuhlupheka ngokuphelelwa amandla (syncope), ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, ukuthokoza, noma imisindo ephakeme ngokungazelelwe
• Iziqephu ezifana nezehlakalo zokubamba, eziyimbangela yokupholisa igazi ebuchosheni
• Ukushaya kwenhliziyo noma ukuzwa sengathi inhliziyo yakho ishaya ngejubane noma iduduza
• Ukukhathazeka noma ukukhanya, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba
• Ubuhlungu noma ukungakhululeki kwesifuba
• Ukuphefumula ngokunzima ngesikhathi semisebenzi evamile

Iziqephu zokuphelelwa amandla ngokuvamile yisibonakaliso esiqondakala kakhulu. Zivele ngokuvamile lapho umzimba wakho uhlangabezana nokucindezeleka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ngokomzimba noma ngokomzwelo. Abanye abantu baqaphela ukuthi izimpawu zabo zivele ngokukhethekile ngokuzivocavoca, ukubhukuda, noma ngisho nokuthukuthelwa yiwashi le-alamu.

Ziyini Izinhlobo ze-Long QT Syndrome?

I-Long QT syndrome iza ngezindlela ezimbili eziyinhloko: ezelwe (izalwa) netholakala (ithuthukiswa kamuva ekuphileni). Ukuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olukhona kusiza ukuqondisa indlela yakho yokwelapha.

I-Long QT syndrome ezelwe ibangelwa yizinguquko ze-jeni ozithola kubazali bakho. Kukhona okungenani izinhlobo eziyi-17 ezahlukene ze-jeni, ezintathu ezivame kakhulu yilezi:

• LQT1: Ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukuzivocavoca, ikakhulukazi ukubhukuda
• LQT2: Ngokuvamile kubangelwa ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo noma imisindo ephakeme ngokungazelelwe
• LQT3: Kungabangela izimpawu ngesikhathi sokuphumula noma ubuthongo

I-Long QT syndrome etholakala ithuthukiswa ngenxa yezinto ezingaphandle njengemithi, izimo zezokwelapha, noma ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte. Lo mkhuba ngokuvamile uyaphuka uma imbangela ephambili ilungiswe.

Ziyini Izimbangela ze-Long QT Syndrome?

Izimbangela ze-Long QT syndrome ziyahluka kuye kokuthi iyifomu elidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni noma elitholakala. Ake sihlole ukuthi yini eholela kuhlobo ngalunye.

I-Long QT syndrome ezelwe ivela ekuhlukaniseni kwe-jeni okunethela amaprotheni abizwa ngama-ion channels. La machweba alawula ukugeleza kwezinkomba ze-elekthrikhi eziceleni zenhliziyo yakho. Uma angasebenzi kahle, ukuphumula kwe-elekthrikhi yenhliziyo yakho kuthatha isikhathi eside kunokujwayelekile.

I-Long QT syndrome etholakala ingathuthuka ngenxa yezinto eziningana:

• Imithi efana ne-antibiotics ethile, i-antidepressants, noma imithi yokushaya kwenhliziyo
• Amazinga aphansi e-potassium, i-magnesium, noma i-calcium egazini lakho
• Ukugabha okukhulu noma isifo sohudo esibangela ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte
• Ukuphazamiseka kokudla okunethela ukulingana kweziminerali zomzimba wakho
• Izinkinga ze-thyroid noma ezinye izimo ze-hormonal
• Ukulimala ekhanda noma izifo zokuqhaqhazela ezinethela umsebenzi wobuchopho
• Izimo ezithile zenhliziyo noma ukutheleleka

Ngezinye izikhathi abantu bane-predisposition ephansi ye-jeni eba yinkinga kuphela uma ihlangene nemithi noma ezinye izinto ezibangela. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani abanye abantu bethuthukisa izimpawu kamuva ekuphileni ngisho nalapho kufomu elidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Nge-Long QT Syndrome?

Kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uhlangabezana neziqephu zokuphelelwa amandla, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca noma ukucindezeleka ngokomzwelo. Ngisho nokuphelelwa amandla okungachazwanga kufanele kuhlolwe, ikakhulukazi uma kwenzeka ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uqaphela ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungafani nokuqala ukukhathazeka, iziqephu eziphindaphindayo zokukhathazeka, noma uma uzwile ukuthi une-ECG engavamile. Umlando womndeni nawo ubalulekile - uma izihlobo eziseduze zine-long QT syndrome noma zafa ngokuzumayo ezineminyaka emincane, khuluma lokhu nodokotela wakho.

Funani ukunakekelwa okusheshayo uma uqeda amandla futhi ungavuki ngokushesha, ube nobuhlungu besifuba ngokuphelelwa amandla, noma uhlangabezane nalokho okuzwakala njengokuqhaqhazela. Lokhu kungase kubonise indlela eyingozi yokushaya kwenhliziyo edinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Ziyini Izinto Ezifaka Engozini ze-Long QT Syndrome?

Izinto eziningana zingandisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa i-long QT syndrome noma uhlangabezane nezinhlungu uma unayo. Ukuqonda lokhu kusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuba nizenze izinqumo eziqondile ngokunakekelwa kwakho.

Ngefomu elidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni, into yakho ephambili eyingozi ukuba nezihlobo zomndeni ezine-long QT syndrome, ukuphelelwa amandla okungachazwanga, noma ukufa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo ezineminyaka emincane. Abafazi abane-long QT syndrome elidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni bangase babe nenkinga enkulu ngesikhathi sezinguquko ze-hormonal, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokubeletha.

Izinto ezifaka ingozi ze-long QT syndrome etholakala zifaka:

• Ukuba owesifazane (abafazi banesibopho esikhulu sokuba ne-long QT ebangelwa yimithi)
• Ukuthatha imithi eminingi engathinta ukushaya kwenhliziyo
• Ukuba nezinkinga zezinkalweni noma isibindi ezithinta indlela umzimba wakho uqeda ngayo imithi
• Ukuphazamiseka kokudla noma izimo ezibangela ukugabha okuvamile
• Ukuba nesifo sikashukela noma izifo ze-thyroid
• Ukuba ngaphezu kweminyaka engama-65, njengoba ukwelashwa kwemithi kukhula
• Ukuba nomlando wesifo senhliziyo noma i-arrhythmias yangaphambili

Iminyaka nawo udlala indima emaphetheni ezimpawu. Abantwana nabantu abasha abanezimpawu elidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ngokuvamile banezimpawu zabo zokuqala ngesikhathi sokukhula, kuyilapho abadala bengase bathuthukise izimo ezitholakala ngenxa yemithi noma izinguquko zempilo.

Ziyini Izinhlungu Ezingaba khona ze-Long QT Syndrome?

Inkinga ephambili nge-long QT syndrome yingozi yokuthuthukisa indlela eyingozi yokushaya kwenhliziyo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-torsades de pointes. Le ndlela ingabangela ukuphelelwa amandla futhi, ezimweni ezingavamile, ingathuthukela ekuqedeni kwenhliziyo.

Iziqephu eziningi ze-torsades de pointes zifushane futhi ziyeke zodwa, kungakho abantu abaningi behlangabezana nokuphelelwa amandla kodwa bese bephulukana ngokuphelele. Noma kunjalo, ukuqonda izinhlungu ezingaba khona kusiza ukuba uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele.

Izinhlungu ezingaba khona zifaka:

• Iziqephu eziphindaphindayo zokuphelelwa amandla ezingabangela ukulimala ngokuwa
• I-Torsades de pointes engaphuli ngokwayo
• I-Ventricular fibrillation, ukuphazamiseka kokushaya kwenhliziyo okubulala
• Ukuqeda kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo ezimweni ezinzima, ezingelaphiwe
• Ukukhathazeka noma ukucindezeleka okuhlobene nokuvimbela imisebenzi
• Ukulinganiselwa komphakathi ngenxa yokwesaba izimpawu

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokwelashwa okuqondile nokuqaphela, ingozi yezinhlungu ezinkulu iyancipha kakhulu. Abantu abaningi abane-long QT syndrome elawulwa kahle bangasebenza ezintweni eziningi ezivamile ngokuphepha.

I-Long QT Syndrome Ihlonishwa Kanjani?

Ukuhlonishwa kwe-long QT syndrome kuqala nge-electrocardiogram (ECG), eilinganisa umsebenzi we-elekthrikhi wenhliziyo yakho. Udokotela wakho uzobheka i-QT interval ende, nakuba ngezinye izikhathi lokhu akubonakali ekuhlolweni olulodwa.

Udokotela wakho angakuncoma ukuhlolwa okuningi ukuze uthole isithombe esiphelele:

• I-ECGs eminingi ngezikhathi ezahlukene, njengoba i-QT interval ingashintsha
• Ukuhlolwa kokucindezeleka komzimba ukuze ubone ukuthi inhliziyo yakho iphendula kanjani emisebenzini
• I-Holter monitor noma i-event recorder ukuze uthole izindlela zokushaya kwenhliziyo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Izivivinyo zegazi ukuze uhlole amazinga e-electrolyte futhi ukhombise ezinye izimbangela
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-jeni uma kukhona ukungabaza nge-long QT syndrome elidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni
• Ukukhethwa komndeni uma uhlonishwa ngefomu le-jeni

Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlonishwa akuyona into elula. Udokotela wakho angase adinge ukubuyekeza izimpawu zakho, umlando womndeni, nohlu lwemithi kanye nemiphumela yokuhlolwa. Bangase benze nawo ukuhlolwa okukhethekile okuhlola ngokuphepha isistimu ye-elekthrikhi yenhliziyo yakho.

Iyini Ukwelashwa kwe-Long QT Syndrome?

Ukwelashwa kwe-long QT syndrome kugxile ekuvimbeleni izindlela zokushaya kwenhliziyo ezingozi nokuphatha izimpawu zakho. Indlela iyancika kuhlobo lwakho oluthile, ukukhulu kwezimpawu, nezinto ezifaka ingozi zomuntu.

Nge-long QT syndrome etholakala, ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuhilela ukulungisa imbangela ephambili. Lokhu kungase kusho ukuyeka noma ukushintsha imithi, ukulungisa ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte, noma ukwelapha izimo ezifana nezifo ze-thyroid.

Izinketho zokwelapha ze-long QT syndrome elidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni zifaka:

• Imithi ye-Beta-blocker ukuze unciphise ukushaya kwenhliziyo nokuphazamiseka kokushaya kwenhliziyo
• Ukushintsha indlela yokuphila ukuze ugweme izinto ezibangela
• I-Electrolyte supplements uma amazinga egazi aphansi
• I-Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) kubantu abasezingozini eziphezulu
• Ukuhlinzwa kwe-Left cardiac sympathetic denervation ezimweni ezithile

I-Beta-blockers ngokuvamile iyindlela yokuqala yokwelapha ngoba iyasiza ukulinganisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuze uthole imithi efanele ne-dose elawula izimpawu zakho ngenkathi unciphise imiphumela emibi.

Ungayiphatha Kanjani i-Long QT Syndrome Ekhaya?

Ukuphatha i-long QT syndrome ekhaya kuhilela ukuqaphela izinto ezibangela nokwenza izinyathelo zokuzigwema. Lokhu akusho ukuthi awukwazi ukuphila impilo esebenzayo, kodwa kunalokho ukuthi uzokwenza izinqumo eziqondile ngemisebenzi.

Nazi izindlela eziyinhloko zokuphatha ekhaya:

• Thatha imithi ngokuqondile njengoba kulotshwe, ngisho noma uzizwa kahle
• Gwema imithi eyaziwayo yokwandisa i-QT interval ngaphandle kwemvume yodokotela
• Hlala uthambile futhi ugcine ukulingana kwe-electrolyte
• Funda ukuqaphela izinto ezibangela izimpawu zakho
• Phatha ukwaziswa kokwelapha okukhombisa isimo sakho
• Gcina ulwazi loxhumano oluphuthumayo olutholakala kalula

Qaphela indlela ozizwa ngayo ngesikhathi semisebenzi ehlukene. Uma uqaphela izimpawu ngemisebenzi ethile noma izimo, xoxa ngokushintsha nodokotela wakho kunokugwema yonke imisebenzi.

Amalungu omndeni kufanele afunde i-CPR eyisisekelo futhi azi ukuthi ungaqaphela kanjani uma uhlangabezana nesigameko esinzima. Ukuba nenqubo kusiza wonke umuntu azizwe ekhululekile futhi elungile.

Kufanele Ululungiselele Kanjani Umyalelo Wakho Nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela umyalelo wakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi kakhulu ekuhambeleni kwakho. Letha uhlu oluphelele lwemithi yonke, izithasiselo, nemithi yokuthengwa ngaphandle kwemvume yodokotela oyithathayo, njengoba ezinye zingathinta ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho.

Bhala izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zenzeka nini, lokho obekwenza, nokuthi zithathe isikhathi esingakanani. Qaphela noma yimaphi amaphethini owaqaphela, njengezimpawu ezivela ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, ukucindezeleka, noma ngezikhathi ezithile zosuku.

Bula umlando womndeni wakho wezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi noma yiluphi ulwazi mayelana nezinkinga zenhliziyo, ukufa ngokuzumayo, noma ukuphelelwa amandla ezihlobweni. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ekuqondeni ingozi yakho nezidingo zokwelapha.

Lungiselela imibuzo mayelana nemisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke, imithi, nanoma yikuphi ukukhathazeka okukhonayo. Buza ngokuvimbela imisebenzi, ukuhlela okuphazamisekile, nokuthi nini kufanele ufunani ukunakekelwa okusheshayo.

I-Long QT Syndrome Ingavikeleka Kanjani?

Awukwazi ukuvimbela i-long QT syndrome elidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni njengoba leyo ibekwe yizinhlamvu zakho. Noma kunjalo, ungenza izinyathelo zokuvimbela i-long QT syndrome etholakala nokunciphisa izinhlungu uma unayo noma yiluphi uhlobo.

Izindlela zokuvimbela zifaka ukuba qaphele ngemithi engandisa i-QT interval. Hlala uqaphelisa abahlinzeki bezempilo ngesimo sakho ngaphambi kokuthola noma yimiphi imithi emisha, kufaka phakathi i-antibiotics noma i-antidepressants.

Gcina impilo enhle ngokudla ukudla okuqondile okunama-potassium nama-magnesium amaningi, uhlale uthambile, futhi ulawule ezinye izimo zempilo ezifana nesifo sikashukela noma izifo ze-thyroid. Gwema ukusebenzisa utshwala ngokweqile nemithi engaqondakali, engathinta ukushaya kwenhliziyo yakho.

Uma unomlando womndeni we-long QT syndrome noma ukufa ngokuzumayo okungachazwanga, cabanga ngokwelulekwa kwe-jeni nokukhethwa. Ukubona ngokushesha kuvumela ukulandelela okuqondile nokuvimbela izinhlungu.

Iyini I-Key Takeaway Mayelana ne-Long QT Syndrome?

I-Long QT syndrome yisimo esilawuleka esithinta isistimu ye-elekthrikhi yenhliziyo yakho. Nakuba idinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo nokunakekelwa, abantu abaningi abanesimo esinjalo bangaphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngokwelashwa okuqondile nokuqaphela.

Into ebaluleke kunazo zonke ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze uqonde uhlobo lwakho oluthile nezinto ezifaka ingozi. Ngokuhlanganiswa okuqondile kwemithi, ukuqaphela indlela yokuphila, nokulandelela okuvamile, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yezinhlungu.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-long QT syndrome akukubeki imingcele yakho - kusho nje ukuthi uzokwenza izinqumo eziqondile ngemisebenzi yakho nokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Hlala uhileleke enkambweni yakho yokwelapha, xhumana ngokukhululekile nodokotela bakho, futhi ungangabazi ukubuza imibuzo mayelana nesimo sakho.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa Mayelana ne-Long QT Syndrome

Ingabe abantu abane-long QT syndrome bangazivocavoca?

Abantu abaningi abane-long QT syndrome bangazivocavoca ngokuphepha, kodwa uhlobo nobukhulu kungase kudingeke kushintshwe kuye esimweni sakho esithile. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukuthola ukuthi yimiphi imisebenzi efanele kuwe. Ukubhukuda kungase kuvinjelwe ngezinhlobo ezithile ze-long QT syndrome elidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni, kuyilapho ezinye imisebenzi ingase ikhuthazwe ngezinyathelo ezifanele.

Ingabe i-long QT syndrome ilidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni?

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-long QT syndrome zidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni, zidluliselwa emindenini ngokuguqulwa kwe-jeni. Uma une-long QT syndrome elidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni, ngamunye wabantwana bakho unethuba elingu-50% lokuthola isimo. Noma kunjalo, ukuba ne-mutation ye-jeni akusho ukuthi izimpawu zizovelela, futhi izimo ezitholakala azidluliselwa kubantwana.

Yimiphi imithi engingayigwema nge-long QT syndrome?

Imithi eminingi ingenza i-long QT syndrome ibe yimbi, kufaka phakathi i-antibiotics ethile, i-antidepressants, i-antihistamines, nemithi yenhliziyo. Hlala uqaphelisa abahlinzeki bezempilo ngesimo sakho ngaphambi kokuthola noma yimiphi imithi emisha. Gcina uhlu oluvuselelwe lwemithi okufanele uyigweme, futhi cabanga ngokugqoka ubucwebe bokwenza ukwaziswa kokwelapha.

Ingabe i-long QT syndrome ingaphuka?

I-Long QT syndrome elidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni ayikwazi ukuphuka njengoba ibangelwa yizinguquko ze-jeni, kodwa ingaphathwa kahle ngokwelashwa. I-Long QT syndrome etholakala ingase iphuke uma imbangela ephambili (njengemithi noma ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte) ingalungiswa. Ngisho nalapho kufomu elidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni, ukwelashwa okuqondile kuvumela abantu abaningi ukuba baphile impilo evamile.

Ingakanani i-long QT syndrome?

I-Long QT syndrome ingaba nzima uma ingelaphiwe, ingabangela izindlela zokushaya kwenhliziyo ezingozi. Noma kunjalo, ngokuhlolwa okuqondile nokwelashwa, iningi labantu abanesimo esinjalo baneziphumo ezinhle kakhulu. Okubalulekile ukusebenzisana neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze ulawule izinto zakho ezifaka ingozi futhi ulandele uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha ngokuqhubekayo.