Lupus Nephritis
Uhlolojikelele
Izinkila zikhipha imfucumfucu namanzi engeziwe egazini ngezinsimbi zokuhlunga ebizwa ngokuthi ama nephron. I nephron ngayinye inensimbi yokuhlunga, ebizwa ngokuthi i glomerulus. Insimbi ngayinye yokuhlunga inezinsimbi zegazi ezincane ebizwa ngokuthi ama capillaries. Uma igazi ligeleza liye ku glomerulus, izingcezu ezincane, ebizwa ngama molecules, amanzi, amaminerali namasondlo, kanye nemfucumfucu zidlula ngezindonga zama capillaries. Ama molecules amakhulu, njengeproteni nama cell abomvu egazi, awadluli. Ingxenye ehlungiwe bese idlula kwenye ingxenye ye nephron ebizwa ngokuthi i tubule. Amanzi, amasondlo namaminerali umzimba awadingayo athunyelwa emuva egazini. Amanzi engeziwe ne mfucumfucu iba yimpisi egeleza iye esibindini.
ILupus nephritis yinkinga evela kaningi kubantu abane systemic lupus erythematosus, ebizwa nangokuthi i lupus.
ILupus yisifo lapho i sistim yezimbongolo zomzimba ihlasela amasele nawo wonke amalungu omzimba, ebizwa ngokuthi isifo se autoimmune. ILupus ibangele i sistim yezimbongolo ukwenza amaproteni abizwa ngokuthi ama autoantibodies. La maproteni ahlasela izicubu namalungu omzimba, kuhlanganise nezinkila.
Izimpawu
Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-lupus nephritis zihlanganisa: Igazi emathisini.Urin olukhuluma ngenxa yeprotheni eningi.Izinga eliphezulu legesi.Ukukhula ezinyaweni, ezinkulungeni noma ezinyaweni, kanti ngezinye izikhathi ezandleni nasebusweni.Amazinga aphezulu emkhiqizo wezibi ebizwa ngokuthi i-creatinine egazini.
Izimbangela
Abantu abadala abaningi abana-lupus ehlabayo (systemic lupus) bafuna i-lupus nephritis. I-Lupus ehlabayo yenza ukuthi izingqondo zomzimba yonakalise izinkalazi. Khona-ke izinkalazi azikwazi ukuhlunga uqweqwe njengoba kufanele.
Esinye sezinto ezibalulekile zezinkalazi ukusula igazi. Njengoba igazi lihamba emzimbeni, lithatha amanzi engeziwe, amakhemikhali noqweqwe. Izinkalazi zihlukanisa le nto egazini. Kuthathwa ngaphandle komzimba emathini. Uma izinkalazi zingakwazi ukwenza lokhu futhi isimo singaphathwa, kuvela izinkinga ezinkulu zempilo, ngokuwohloka kokuphila.
Izici eziyingozi
Abanye abaziswayo kuphela abangaba yingozi ye-lupus nephritis yilezi:
- Ukuba ngowesilisa. Abesifazane banesilinganiso esiphezulu sokufuna i-lupus, kodwa amadoda athola i-lupus nephritis kakhulu kunabesifazane.
- Uhlanga noma ubuzwe. Abantu abamnyama, abantu baseHispanic kanye nama-Asian American banesilinganiso esiphezulu sokufuna i-lupus nephritis kunabamhlophe.
Izingqinamba
Ukuvuvukala kwamathumbu ngenxa ye-Lupus kungaholela ku:
- Hypertention.
- Ukwehluleka kwempumulo.
- Ingcupo enkulu yokuthola umdlavuza, ikakhulu lowo uqala ezicini ze-immune system, ebizwa nge-B-cell lymphoma.
- Ingcupo enkulu yobunzima benhliziyo nezezimpande zegazi.
Ukuxilongwa
Izivivinyo zokuxilonga i-lupus nephritis zihlanganisa:
- Izivivinyo zegazi nezinye zesikhumba. Ngaphandle kwezivivinyo zegazi nezesikhumba ezijwayelekile, kungenzeka ukuhlolwa kwesikhumba esiqoqwe emahoreni angu-24. Lezi zivivinyo zilinganisa ukuthi ama-kidney asebenza kangcono kangakanani.
- I-kidney biopsy. Ingxenye encane yethishu ye-kidney isuswa bese ithunyelwa elabhoratri. Lo mvivinyo uxilonga i-lupus nephritis. Ungasiza futhi ukubonisa ukuthi isifo sibubi kangakanani. Kungenzeka kube khona i-biopsy engaphezu kwesisodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ukwelashwa
Asikho ikhambi le-lupus nephritis. Ukwelashwa kugqala ukuba:
- Kunciphise izimpawu noma kwenze izimpawu zihambe, okuthiwa yi-remission.
- Ukuvimbela isifo ukuba singabi sibi kakhulu.
- Ukuvimbela izimpawu ukuba zingabuyeli.
- Ukuvikela izinkulungwane zisebenza kahle ngokwanele ukungadingi umshini wokucwecwa udoti egazini, okuthiwa yi-dialysis, noma ukuhlinzwa kwesibindi.
Ngokuvamile, lezi zindlela zokwelapha zingasiza abantu abanesifo sezinkulungwane:
- Ukushintsha kokudla. Ukulinganisela inani le-protein nesawoti ekudleni kungasiza izinkulungwane ukuba zisebenze kangcono.
Ukuphatha i-lupus nephritis eqatha kungadinga imithi ehambisa noma emisa isimiso somzimba sokuhlaselwa kwamangqamuzana aphilile. Imithi ivame ukusetshenziswa ndawonye. Ngezinye izikhathi imithi ethile esetshenziswa ekuqaleni ishintshwa ukuvimbela imiphumela enobuthi.
Imithi yokwelapha i-lupus nephritis ingafaka:
- I-steroids, njenge-prednisone (Rayos).
- I-Cyclosporine (Gengraf, Neoral, Sandimmune).
- I-Voclosporin (Lupkynis).
- I-Tacrolimus (Astagraf, Envarsus, Prograf).
- I-Cyclophosphamide (Cytoxan).
- I-Azathioprine (Azasan, Imuran).
- I-Mycophenolate (CellCept).
- I-Rituximab (Rituxan).
- I-Belimumab (Benlysta).
Izivivinyo zeklinikhi ezqhubekayo zivivinya izindlela ezintsha zokwelapha i-lupus nephritis.
Kwabantu abaqhubekela ekwehlulekeni kwesibindi, izinketho zokwelapha zifaka:
- Ukuhlinzwa kwesibindi. Uma izinkulungwane ziyeka ukusebenza, isinye sezinkulungwane esivela kumnikelo, okuthiwa yi-transplant, kungadingeka.
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: I-August iyinkundla yolwazi lwezempilo futhi izimpendulo zayo azihlanganisi iseluleko sezokwelapha. Njalo thintana nochwepheshe bezokwelapha onelayisensi eduze nawe ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiluphi ushintsho.