Umalariya yini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

Umalariya ukutheleleka okukhulu okubangelwa yi-parasites ezincane ezithwalwa yiinsimbi futhi zidluliselwe kubantu ngokuluma kwazo. Uma insimbi ebolelekile ikuluma, lezi parasites zingena egazini lakho ziye ethisini lakho, lapho zizala khona ngaphambi kokuhlasela amaseli akho egazi ebomvu.

Lesi sifo siqeda izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele unyaka ngamunye, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo. Nakuba umalariya ungaba yingozi uma ungaphathwa, izindaba ezinhle ukuthi uvikwa futhi uphulukiswa uma ubanjwa ngokushesha futhi uphathwa kahle.

Ziyini izimpawu zomalarariya?

Izimpawu zomalarariya zivame ukuvela ezinsukwini eziyi-10 kuya kweziyi-15 ngemuva kokulunywa insimbi ebolelekile. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izinhlobo zingase zihlale zifihlile ethisini lakho izinyanga noma iminyaka ngaphambi kokubangela izimpawu.

Izimpawu zokuqala ezivame kakhulu zizizwa njengokuba ne-influenza enzima. Ungase ube nokuqhuma okuphezulu okuza futhi kuye ngezikhathi, ukuthandaza okukhulu okukwenza uthuthumele ngokungenakulawuleka, kanye nezikhathi zokukhishwa okukhulu. Abantu abaningi baphuthuma futhi bazizwa bekhathele kakhulu.

Nawa ama-symptom abalulekile okumelwe uwabukele:

• Ukuqhuma okuphezulu (ngokuvamile ngaphezulu kuka-101°F) okungase kuphakame futhi kwehle ngezindlela
• Ukuthandaza okukhulu nokuthuthumela
• Ukukhishwa okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kokuba ukuqhuma kuphelile
• Ubuhlungu bokhanda obukhulu
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha nobuhlungu bezingqondo
• Ukuphefumula nokugabha
• Ukukhathala okukhulu nobuthakathaka
• I-diarrhea

Abanye abantu bangase baphawule ukuba isikhumba nemihlobiso yabo ibe mnyama kancane, lokhu kwenzeka lapho i-parasites ibhubhisa amaseli egazi ebomvu ngokushesha kunokuba umzimba wakho ukhulule.

Ezimweni ezinzima, umalariya ungabangela izinkinga ezinzima kakhulu. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ubunzima bokuqeda, ukudideka noma isimo sengqondo esiguqukayo, ukuhlwitha, kanye ne-anemia enzima. Uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu zezesixwayiso, kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe ngokushesha.

Ziyini izinhlobo zomalarariya?

Kunezinhlobo eziyisihlanu eziyinhloko zama-parasite e-malaria angatheleleka kubantu, nakuba ezimbili ziyona eziyimbangela yazo zonke izimo emhlabeni jikelele. Uhlobo ngalunye luphatha ngendlela ehlukile emzimbeni wakho futhi ludinga izindlela zokwelapha ezithile.

I-Plasmodium falciparum ibangela uhlobo olukhulu kakhulu lwe-malaria futhi iyona ebangela ukufa okuningi kwe-malaria. Lolu hlobo lungaba yingozi ngokushesha ngoba luthinta ubuchopho bakho, izinso, namanye amalungu abalulekile. Livame kakhulu e-Afrika eseningizimu kweSahara.

I-Plasmodium vivax yilona uhlobo olukhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni jikelele futhi lingahlala lifile e-liver yakho izinyanga noma iminyaka. Uma liphinda lisebenze, uzohlangabezana nezehlakalo eziphindaphindayo zezimpawu. Lolu hlobo luvame kakhulu e-Asia naseLatin America.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezintathu azivamile kodwa kubalulekile ukuzazi:

• I-Plasmodium ovale - efana ne-vivax, ingabangela ukutheleleka okuphindaphindayo
• I-Plasmodium malariae - ibangela izimpawu ezilula kodwa ingaqhubeka iminyaka eminingi
• I-Plasmodium knowlesi - ekuqaleni itholakala ezimpungusheni, iyakhuphuka ithinta abantu eNingizimu-mpumalanga Asia

Udokotela wakho uzokunquma ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olukuthola ngokuhlolwa kwegazi, njengoba lokhu kuchaphazela uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha nokunakekelwa okulandelayo.

Yini ebangela i-malaria?

I-malaria kwenzeka lapho izinyosi ze-Anopheles ezithintekile ngama-parasite e-malaria zikuluma futhi zifaka lezi zidalwa ezincane egazini lakho. Ziyizinhlobo ezithile zezinyosi kuphela ezingathwala futhi zidlulise ama-parasite e-malaria.

Uma sesekule emzimbeni wakho, ama-parasite aya e-liver yakho lapho akhula khona futhi azala. Ngemva kweviki elilodwa, ashiya i-liver yakho futhi angene egazini lakho, lapho ehlasela khona futhi abhubhise ama-red blood cells akho. Ukubhujiswa kwama-red blood cells kubangela izinhlangothi eziningi zezimpawu ozibona.

Isifundo siqhubeka lapho omunye umshoshoba ekuluma khona futhi uthatha izifo egazini lakho elinensisi. Ngaphakathi komshoshoba, izifo ziqhubeka zikhula futhi zilungele ukuthelelela umuntu olandelayo amlumayo umshoshoba.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-malaria ayikwazi ukusabalala ngokuqondile kumuntu nomuntu ngokuthinta okuvamile, ukukhokha, noma ukuphefumula. Ungathola i-malaria kuphela ngokuluma komshoshoba, ukuthuthukiswa kwegazi kubanikazi abane-infection, noma kunina kuya engwaneni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ukubeletha.

Nini kufanele ubheke udokotela nge-malaria?

Kufanele ufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uthola ubushushu, ukuthandaza, noma izimpawu ezifana ne-influenza emavikini ambalwa ngemuva kokuhamba endaweni lapho i-malaria ivame khona. Ngisho noma uthathe imithi yokuvikela, usengathola ukutheleleka.

Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi izimpawu ziyathuthuka ngokwazo. I-malaria ingaqhubeka ngokushesha kusuka ezimpawu ezilula kuya ezingxakeni ezisongela impilo phakathi kwamahora angu-24 kuya kwangu-48, ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo ezithile ze-parasite.

Xhumana nezinsizakalo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu eziyisixwayiso ezinkulu:

• Ubunzima bokuqeda umoya noma ukuphefumula okufushane
• Ukudideka noma ukushintsha kwengqondo
• Ukuhlwitha noma ukuhlwitha
• Ukugabha okukhulu okwenza kube nzima ukugcina izinto ezinwetshiwe
• Izimpawu ze-anemia enzima (ubuthakathaka obukhulu, isikhumba esimhlophe)
• Umyisa omnyama noma ongamagqabi
• I-Jaundice (ukufiphaza kwesikhumba namehlo)

Ngisho noma izimpawu zakho zibonakala zingenazinkinga, kuhlale kungcono ukuhlolwa yisisebenzi sezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uma kunokwenzeka ukuthi une-malaria. Ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokuphathwa kungavimbela ubunzima obukhulu futhi kuqinisekise ukuphulukiswa okugcwele.

Yiziphi izinto ezingaholela e-malaria?

Ubungozi bakho bokuthola i-malaria kuncike ikakhulukazi lapho uhlala khona noma uhamba khona, nakuba ezinye izinto zingandisa amathuba akho okutheleleka noma isifo esinzima. Ukuqonda lezi zingozi kungakusiza ukuthi uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele.

Indawo yomhlaba yiyona nto eyingozi kakhulu. I-malaria ivame kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo, ikakhulukazi e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara, ezingxenyeni zase-Asia, eziqhingini zasePacific, naseMelika Ephakathi naseNingizimu. Ngaphakathi kulezi zindawo, izindawo zasemakhaya nezindawo ezikude ngokuvamile zinezinga eliphezulu lokudluliselwa kwe-malaria.

Nawa amanye amaphuzu aphambili andisa ingozi yakho ye-malaria:

• Ukuhlala noma ukuhamba ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona i-malaria
• Ukwehluleka ukusebenzisa izindlela ezifanele zokuvikela imifino
• Ukuhamba ngezikhathi zomvula lapho inani lezimifino lifike lapho liphezulu khona
• Ukuhlala ezindaweni zokuhlala ezingenayo isikrini esifanele noma i-air conditioning
• Ukuchitha isikhathi ngaphandle ekuseni nasebusuku lapho imifino isebenza kakhulu khona

Amaqembu athile abhekene nengozi enkulu ye-malaria eqatha uma esele ethintekile. Abantwana abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-5 abakazange bathuthukise ukuvikelwa futhi banesimungulu esikhulu sezinkinga ezingathi sína. Abesifazane abakhulelwe nabo banengozi enkulu, njengoba i-malaria ingabangela ubunzima kokubili kunina nengane.

Abantu abanesistimu yokuvikela umzimba ebuthakathaka, kufaka phakathi labo abane-HIV / AIDS noma abasebenzisa imithi yokucindezela ukuvikelwa komzimba, bangathuthukisa ukutheleleka okukhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma ukhulele endaweni engenayo i-malaria, ngeke ube nokuvikelwa okulinganiselwe abantu basezindaweni ezithintekile abakuzuza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Zithini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ze-malaria?

Nakuba i-malaria iyakwazi ukwelashwa, ingabangela izinhlanganisela ezingathi sína uma ingatholakali futhi ingelashwa ngokushesha. Ubunzima bezinhlanganisela buvame ukuxhomekeka ohlotsheni lwe-parasite ye-malaria onayo nokuthi uthole ukwelashwa ngokushesha kangakanani.

I-malaria eqatha, evame ukubangelwa yi-Plasmodium falciparum, ingathinta izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba wakho. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho ama-parasite evala imithambo emincane yegazi, kunciphisa ukugeleza kwegazi ezindaweni ezibalulekile zomzimba.

Izinhlanganisela ezinkulu kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• I-malaria yengqondo - ithinta ingqondo, ibangele ukuhlukunyezwa, ukulahlekelwa yi-coma, noma ukulimala okungapheli kwengqondo
• Ukuntuleka okukhulu kwegazi - okuvela ekubhujisweni kwamaseli egazi abomvu, okuholela ebuthakathakeni nasezinkingeni zokuphefumula
• Ukuhlupheka okukhulu kokuphefumula - ukwakheka kwamanzi emaphashini okwenza ukuphefumula kube nzima
• Ukwehluleka kwesibindi - okuvela ekunciphiseni kwegazi nokugcwala kwezinto eziyingozi
• Ukwehluleka kwesibindi - kubangela isifo sikajawundi nezinselele zokopha
• I-shuga ephansi legazi - ingabangela ukudideka, ukuhlukunyezwa, noma i-coma
• Ukushaqeka - okuvela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu kwamanzi nasekungasebenzi kahle kwamalungu

Kubantu abakhulelwe, i-malaria ingabangela izinselele ezengeziwe ezifaka phakathi ukuzalwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, izingane ezisindayo, kanye nokukhuluphala komngcipheko wokukhulelwa.

Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpumela zesikhathi eside ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa okuphumelelayo, okuhlanganisa ukukhathala okuqhubekayo, izinkinga zememori, noma izigameko zokubila eziphindaphindayo. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele uma i-malaria itholakala futhi iwelashwe ngokushesha.

Iyini indlela yokuvimbela i-malaria?

Ukuvimbela i-malaria kugxile ekugwemeni ukukhonjwa yi-mosquito, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukuthatha imithi yokuvikela. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokuqapha okuqondile, unganciphisa kakhulu umngcipheko wokutheleleka.

Ukuvimbela ukukhonjwa yi-mosquito yilona thuluzi lokuqala lokuvikela. Sebenzisa i-insect repellent ene-DEET, i-picaridin, noma i-oyili ye-lemon eucalyptus esikhuneni esikhombile. Gqoka ihembe elide nebhulukwe elide, ikakhulukazi ekuseni nasebusuku lapho ama-mosquito asebenza kakhulu.

Nawa amasu abalulekile okuvimbela:

• Lala ngaphansi kwama-bed nets aphathwe nge-insecticide
• Hlala ezindaweni ezipholile noma ezinezikrini ezinhle
• Sebenzisa i-insect repellent esikhuneni esikhombile nezingubo
• Gqoka izingubo zokuvikela ezihlanganisa izandla nezinyawo
• Phatha izingubo nemishini nge-insecticide ye-permethrin
• Susa amanzi ahlala emaceleni endlu yakho

Uma uhamba ezingeni lapho kukhona isifo sikamalariya, udokotela wakho angase akukhuthaze ukuba uthathe imithi yokuvimbela ebizwa ngokuthi i-chemoprophylaxis. Le mithi ikusiza ukuvimbela ukutheleleka uma ulumwa yimpisi enesifo.

Imithi ethile ixhomeke lapho uya khona, isikhathi eside ozohlala khona, kanye nomlando wakho wezokwelapha. Ngokuvamile uzoqala ukuthatha imithi ngaphambi kohambo lwakho, uqhubeke ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwakho, futhi amasonto ambalwa ngemuva kokubuyela ekhaya.

Umalariya utholakala kanjani?

Ukuthola isifo sikamalariya kudinga ukuhlolwa kwelebhu ukuze kutholakale izinambuzane egazini lakho. Udokotela wakho akakwazi ukuthola isifo sikamalariya ngokusekelwe ezimpahleni kuphela, njengoba zifana nezifo eziningi ezifana ne-influenza noma ukudla okudliwe okubi.

Ivivinyo eliqhelekile kakhulu lokuthola isifo yi-blood smear examination, lapho iqhwa legazi lakho lihlolwa ngaphansi komkhiqizo. Abasebenzi belebhu bafuna izinambuzane ze-malaria egazini lakho elibomvu futhi bangakwazi ukubona ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo lwesinambuzane oluyimbangela yokutheleleka kwakho.

Izivivinyo ezisheshayo zokuthola isifo (RDTs) zinikeza imiphumela esheshayo, ngokuvamile phakathi kwemizuzu engu-15 kuya kwengu-20. Lezi zivivinyo zithola amaprotheni athile akhiqizwa izinambuzane ze-malaria egazini lakho. Nakuba kulula, zingase zingalungile njengokuhlolwa komkhiqizo kuzo zonke izimo.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi a-ode amavivinyo engeziwe ukuze ahlole izinkinga:

• Ukuhlanganiswa okuphelele kwegazi ukuze uhlole i-anemia
• Amazinga e-glucose egazini ukuze uthole ushukela oluphansi egazini
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi ukuze uhlole impilo yesibindi
• Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwesibindi uma kukhona ukungabaza nge-malaria eqatha

Uma ukuhlolwa kokuqala kungalungile kodwa udokotela wakho usalindele i-malaria, angase aphinde ahlole igazi. Ngezinye izikhathi izinambuzane zikhona ngenani elincane kangangokuba azibonakali ekuhlolweni kokuqala.

Iyini impilo yamalariya?

I-malaria iyaphiliswa ngokwelashwa okufanele, futhi abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele uma ukwelashwa kuqala ngokushesha. Imithi ethile nendlela yokwelapha kuya ngohlobo lwe-parasite ye-malaria onayo nokuthi ukutheleleka kwakho kunzima kangakanani.

Ngokukhubazeka kwe-malaria, udokotela wakho uzokunika imithi yomlomo ongayithatha ekhaya. Izindlela zokwelapha ezihlanganisiwe ze-Artemisinin (ACTs) yindlela ephumelela kakhulu yokwelapha i-Plasmodium falciparum malaria, uhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu.

Imithi evamile yokwelapha ihlanganisa:

• Artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem) - ithathwe kabili ngosuku izinsuku ezi-3
• Artesunate-amodiaquine - nsuku zonke izinsuku ezi-3
• Atovaquone-proguanil (Malarone) - nsuku zonke izinsuku ezi-3
• Chloroquine - ngezinhlobo ezithile ze-malaria ezisathinteka kule mithi
• Primaquine - engeziwe nge-parasites yesigaba se-liver ezinye izinhlobo

Uma une-malaria enzima noma awukwazi ukugcina imithi yomlomo phansi ngenxa yokuhlehlisa, uzodinga ukwelashwa esibhedlela ngemithi ye-intravenous. I-Artesunate enikezwa nge-IV yindlela ekhethwayo yokwelapha i-malaria enzima.

Udokotela wakho uzobuye aphathe noma yiziphi izinkinga ezivela, njengokunikeza ukunakekelwa okusekayo kokungasebenzi kahle kwe-organ, ukuphatha ukubamba, noma ukwelapha i-anemia enzima ngokudluliselwa kwegazi uma kudingeka.

Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa bephilile phakathi kwamahora angu-48 kuya kwangu-72 beqala ukwelashwa, nakuba ukuphulukiswa okuphelele kungathatha amasonto ambalwa. Kubalulekile ukuthatha yonke imithi eyalwe ngokuqondile njengoba kuyalwe, ngisho noma uqala ukuzizwa ukhulu.

Indlela yokuphatha i-malaria ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?

Ngesikhathi uthatha imithi yakho eyalwe, kunezinto eziningi ongenza ekhaya ukusiza umzimba wakho ukuthi uphulukiswe futhi uphathe izimpawu. Khumbula ukuthi ukunakekelwa kwasekhaya kusekela ukwelashwa kwakho kwezokwelapha kodwa akuluthathi.

Ukuphumula kubalulekile ekuphulukiseni. Umzimba wakho udinga amandla ukuze ulwe nokutheleleka, ngakho-ke gwema imisebenzi enzima futhi uthole ubuthongo obuningi. Ungakhathazeki uma uzizwa ukhathele kakhulu amasonto ambalwa ngemva kokwelashwa - lokhu kuyinto evamile.

Ukugcina umzimba uthambile kubalulekile, ikakhulukazi uma ubhekene nokuqabuka, ukushisa, noma ukugabha. Phuza izinto eziningi ezithambile njengamanzi, ama-broth acacile, noma izixazululo zokuvuselela amanzi emlonyeni. Ukuphuza kancane kancane kungcono kunezinqwaba ezinkulu uma uzizwa usisika.

Nawa amasu wokunakekela ekhaya awusizo:

• Thatha imithi ngendlela eyalwe ngayo, ngisho noma uzizwa kangcono
• Sebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa ubushushu njenge-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen
• Faka izindwangu ezibandayo, ezimanzi ebunzini lakho uma uqabuka
• Dla ukudla okulula, okulula ukuqeda uma uzizwa unomdlandla wokudla
• Gwema utshwala nekhafeyin, okuthuthukisa ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni
• Qhubeka usebenzisa isivikelo sezinambuzane ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kabusha

Qapha izimpawu zakho eduze futhi uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma ziyanda noma izimpawu ezintsha zivele. Kufanele uphone futhi uma ungakwazi ukugcina imithi phansi ngenxa yokugabha, njengoba ungase udinga ukwelashwa okuhlukile.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi udokotela wakho unemininingwane yonke edingekayo ukuze ahlole futhi aphathe isimo sakho ngokuphumelelayo. Imininingwane eminingi ongayinikeza ngezimpawu zakho nomlando wakho wokuhamba, kungcono.

Bhala izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini, zingakanani, nanoma yiziphi izindlela ozibonile. Qaphela uma ubushushu bakho buza futhi buhambe ngezigaba, njengoba lokhu kungaba yisikhuthazo esibalulekile sokuhlola i-malaria.

Umbhalo wakho wokuhamba ulwazi olukhulu okufanele ulethe:

• Amazwe nemifunda ohambé kuwo ngonyaka odlule
• Izinsuku zokuhamba isikhathi ohlale kuso endaweni ngayinye
• Izinhlobo zezindawo zokuhlala ozisebenzisile
• Izinyathelo zokuvikela ozithathe (imithi, amashidi, i-repellent)
• Ukuthukuthelwa yi-mosquito noma yikuphi okulokhu kukhumbula
• Imisebenzi oyenzile, ikakhulukazi imisebenzi yangaphandle

Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke oyithatha njengamanje, kufaka phakathi noma iyiphi imithi yokuvikela i-malaria oyisebenzisile ngesikhathi sokuhamba. Faka nezithasiselo noma imithi yokuthengisa ngaphandle kwesikripthi.

Lungisa imibuzo okumele uyibuze udokotela wakho, njengokuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ongazenza, isikhathi esithathayo sokwelashwa, nezinkinga okumele uzilinde. Unganqikazi ukubuza noma yini ongayiqondi.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-malaria?

I-malaria yisifo esinzima kodwa esingavikeleka futhi esingelashwa esithinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukutholakala kwesifo nokwelashwa kusenza kube khona ukuphulukiswa okuphelele ezikhathini eziningi.

Uma uhamba ezindaweni lapho i-malaria ivame khona, ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukusebenzisa izinyathelo zokuvikela i-mosquito nokuthatha imithi yokuvikela uma kunconywe udokotela wakho.

Uma uthola ubushushu, ukuthandaza, noma izimpawu ezifana ne-influenza ngesikhathi sokuhamba noma ngemuva kokuhamba ezindaweni lapho i-malaria ivame khona, funa usizo lokuthi ngokushesha. Ungalindi ukubona ukuthi izimpawu ziyathuthuka ngokwazo, njengoba i-malaria ingathuthuka ngokushesha kusuka ekuthambile kuya ekuthatheni.

Ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha, abantu abaningi bayaphulile ngokuphelele e-malaria ngaphandle kwemiphumela yesikhathi eside. Ukuqonda izimpawu ngokushesha nokufumana ukwelashwa okufanele ngokushesha okukhulu.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-malaria

Ungayithola yini i-malaria ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa?

Yebo, ungathola i-malaria izikhathi eziningi ekuphileni kwakho. Ukuba ne-malaria kanye akuwenzi ube nokuvikelwa ekuthelelekeni kwesikhathi esizayo. Eqinisweni, abantu abahlala ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona i-malaria bavame ukuhlushwa ukutheleleka okuphindaphindayo, yize bangase bathuthukise ukuvikelwa okungaphelele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi okwenza ukutheleleka okulandelayo kube lula. Uma uke waba ne-malaria ngaphambili, kubalulekile ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela uma uhamba ezindaweni ezingozi.

Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ukuphulukana ne-malaria?

Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa bephilile phakathi kwamahora angu-48 kuya kwangu-72 ngemuva kokuqala ukwelashwa, kodwa ukuphulukana ngokuphelele kuvame ukuthatha amasonto angu-2 kuya kwangu-4. Ungase uhlushwe ukukhathala, ubuthakathaka, nokuzizwa ungaphilile amasonto amaningana ngemuva kokuphela kokwelashwa. Isikhathi sokuphulukana singase sihluke kuye ngohlobo lwe-malaria owayinayo, ukuthi ukutheleleka kwakho kwakukhulu kangakanani, nokuthi impilo yakho iphilile kangakanani. Kuvamile ukuzizwa ukhathele futhi ubuthakathaka inyanga noma ngaphezulu ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Ingabe i-malaria iyadlulisela kubantu?

Cha, i-malaria ayikwazi ukudlulisela ngqo kumuntu komunye ngokuxhumana okuvamile, ukukhokha, ukuphefumula, noma ukwabelana ukudla neziphuzo. Ungathola i-malaria kuphela ngokuluma komshosho owotshwe, ukuthuthukiswa kwegazi elingcolile, noma kunina kuya engwaneni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ukulethwa. Noma kunjalo, uma une-malaria, izinyosi zingakuluma bese zidlulisela ukutheleleka kwabanye abantu, ngakho-ke ukusebenzisa ukuvikelwa komshosho kuhlala kubalulekile ngisho nasekwelapheni.

Ingabe i-malaria ingaphiliswa ngokuphelele?

Yebo, i-malaria ingaphiliswa ngokuphelele ngokwelashwa okufanele. Izinhlobo eziningi ze-malaria zisuswa emzimbeni wakho uma usuqedile ikhosi yemithi eyalwe. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izinhlobo ezifana ne-Plasmodium vivax ne-Plasmodium ovale zingase zihlale zifihlile e-liver yakho futhi zibangele ukutheleleka okuphindaphindayo ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni eminingi kamuva. Udokotela wakho angase anikeze imithi eyengeziwe ukuze asuse lezi zitsha ezihlala zifihlile futhi avikele ukubuyela kwesikhathi esizayo.

Kwenzekani uma i-malaria ingalashwa?

I-malaria engaphathwe ingaba yingozi eyingozi ngokushesha, ikakhulukazi ukutheleleka okubangelwa yi-Plasmodium falciparum. Phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa, ukutheleleka kungathuthuka kube yizinkinga ezinzima ezihlanganisa ukulimala kwengqondo, ukuhluleka kwamalungu, ukushoda kwegazi okukhulu, nokufa. Izifo ziyaqhubeka zanda futhi zibhubhise amaseli egazi ebomvu ngenkathi zivinela imithambo yegazi eya ezingutsheni ezibalulekile. Yingakho kubalulekile ukufuna usizo lochwepheshe ngokushesha uma uthola izimpawu ngemuva kokuhamba ezindaweni lapho kukhona khona i-malaria, ngisho noma uthathe imithi yokuvikela.