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Umdlavuza Webele Kumadoda

Uhlolojikelele

Ukuqina kwesifuba kumadoda kuyisifo esingavamile sokuqina esiqala njengokukhula kwamaseli esicubu sesifuba samadoda.

Ukuqina kwesifuba kuvame ukucatshangelwa njengesimo esenzeka kwabesifazane. Kodwa wonke umuntu uzelwe enesicubu sesifuba. Ngakho-ke noma ubani angathola ukuqina kwesifuba.

Ukuqina kwesifuba kumadoda kuyinto engavamile. Kwenzeka kakhulu kumadoda amadala, yize kungase kwenzeke kunoma iyiphi iminyaka.

Ukuphathwa kokukhulu kwesifuba kumadoda kuvame ukubandakanya ukuhlinzwa ukuze kususwe isicubu sesifuba. Amanye ukwelashwa, njengokwelashwa ngamakhemikhali kanye nokuphathwa ngomgogodla, kungase kunconywe futhi.

Izimpawu

Izimpawu nezimpawu zomdlavuza webele kumadoda zingafaka: Isibopho esingenabuhlungu noma ukuqina kwesikhumba esifubeni. Ukushintsha kwesikhumba esihlanganisa ifuba, njengokungena, ukuqina, ukukala noma ukushintsha kombala wesikhumba. Ukushintsha kwesihlamvu, njengokushintsha kombala wesikhumba noma ukukala, noma isihlamvu esihlala siqala ukuguquka ngaphakathi. Ukuqothuka noma ukuphuma igazi esihlatsheni. Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela noma omunye ochwepheshe wezempilo uma unezimpawu ezikukhathazayo.

Isikhathi sokubona udokotela

Yenza i-aphoyintimenti nodokotela noma omunye ochwepheshe wezempilo uma unezimpawu ezikukhathazayo. Bhalisa mahhala bese uthola izindaba zakamuva zokwelashwa, ukunakekelwa nokuphathwa komdlavuza wamabele. Adiresi Uzoba ngokushesha uqala ukwamukela ulwazi lwezempilo lwakamuva olucelile ebhokisini lakho lokungenayo.

Izimbangela

Akuqondile ukuthi yini ebangela umdlavuza webele kumadoda.

Umdlavuza webele kumadoda uqala lapho amaseli emathinini ebele ehlanganisa ukuguquka kwe-DNA yawo. I-DNA yeseli igcina imiyalo eyalela iseli ukuthi yenze ini. Kumaseli aphilile, i-DNA inikeza imiyalo yokukhula nokukhulisa ngesivinini esibekiwe. Imiyalo iyalela amaseli ukuthi afe ngesikhathi esibekiwe.

Kumaseli omdlavuza, ukuguquka kwe-DNA kunikeza imiyalo ehlukile. Ukuguquka kutshela amaseli omdlavuza ukuba enze amaseli amaningi ngokushesha. Amaseli omdlavuza angaqhubeka ephila lapho amaseli aphilile efa. Lokhu kubangela amaseli amaningi kakhulu.

Amaseli omdlavuza angakha isigamu esibizwa ngokuthi yi-tumor. I-tumor ingakhula ukuze ihlase ize yonakalise inyama yomzimba ephile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, amaseli omdlavuza angahlukana bese asakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Lapho umdlavuza usakazeka, kubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza we-metastatic.

Wonke umuntu uzelwe enenani elincane le-tissue yebhele. I-tissue yebhele iqukethe amagciwane akhiqiza ubisi, imisele ethatha ubisi kumaphethilolo namafutha.

Phakathi kokuthomba, abantu ababekwe njengabesifazane ekuzalweni bavame ukuqala ukukhulisa i-tissue yebhele eningi. Abantu ababekwe njengabesilisa ekuzalweni ngokuvamile abakhulisi i-tissue yebhele eningi. Kodwa ngoba wonke umuntu uzelwe enenani elincane le-tissue yebhele, umdlavuza webele ungathuthukiswa yinoma ubani.

Izinhlobo zomdlavuza webele kumadoda zihlanganisa:

  • Umdlavuza oqala emisele yobisi, obizwa ngokuthi yi-ductal carcinoma. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza webele luqala emibhobheni exhunyaniswe ne-nipple. Le mibhobho ibizwa ngokuthi yi-ducts. I-ductal carcinoma uhlobo oluvamile lomdlavuza webele kumadoda.
  • Umdlavuza oqala emagciwaneni akhiqiza ubisi, obizwa ngokuthi yi-lobular carcinoma. Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luqala emagciwaneni anethuba lokwenza ubisi lwebele. La magciwane abizwa ngokuthi yi-lobules. I-lobular carcinoma ayivamile kubantu ababekwe njengabesilisa ekuzalweni ngoba ngokuvamile bane-lobular cells ezimbalwa.
  • Ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza. Ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile zomdlavuza webele kumadoda zihlanganisa isifo se-Paget se-nipple nomdlavuza webele oqabukayo.
Izici eziyingozi

Izimbangela ezikhuphula ingozi yomdlavuza webele kumadoda zihlanganisa:

  • Ubudala obukhulu. Ingozi yomdlavuza webele iyanda ngokwanda kweminyaka. Umdlavuza webele kumadoda uvamise ukuxilongwa kumadoda aseminyakeni yawo ama-60.
  • Ukwelashwa nge-hormone ngenxa yomdlavuza we-prostate noma imithi equkethe i-estrogen. Uma uthatha imithi ehlobene ne-estrogen, njengaleyo esetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-hormone yomdlavuza we-prostate, ingozi yakho yomdlavuza webele iyanda.
  • Umlando womndeni womdlavuza webele. Uma unelungu lomndeni olune-blood olune-breast cancer, unethuba elikhulu lokubamba leli gciwane.
  • Ukushintsha kwe-DNA okuzuzwe okuyanda ingozi yomdlavuza webele. Ezinye zezinguquko ze-DNA ezingabangela umdlavuza webele zidluliselwa kubantwana abavela kubazali. Abantu abazalwa nalezi zinguquko ze-DNA banengozi enkulu yomdlavuza webele. Isibonelo, ukushintsha kwe-DNA i-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2 kukhuphula ingozi yomdlavuza webele kumadoda.
  • I-Klinefelter syndrome. Le syndrome ye-genetic kwenzeka uma amadoda ezalwa ngama-chromosome e-X angaphezu kwesinye. I-Klinefelter syndrome ichaphazela intuthuko yama-testicles. Ibangela ukushintsha ekujikelezeni kwe-hormone emzimbeni, okungakhuphula ingozi yomdlavuza webele kumadoda.
  • Isifo se-Liver. Izimo ezithile, njengokuqina kwe-liver, zingashintsha ukujikeleza kwe-hormone emzimbeni. Lokhu kukhuphula ingozi yomdlavuza webele kumadoda.
  • Ukukhuluphala. Ukukhuluphala kuhlotshaniswa namanqanaba aphezulu e-estrogen emzimbeni. Lokhu kukhuphula ingozi yomdlavuza webele kumadoda.
  • Isifo se-testicle noma ukuhlinzwa. Ukuba nama-testicles ashisayo, okuthiwa yi-orchitis, noma ukuhlinzwa kokususa i-testicle, okuthiwa yi-orchiectomy, kungakhuphula ingozi yomdlavuza webele kumadoda.
Ukuvimbela

Kubantu abaningi besilisa, ayikho indlela yokuvimbela umdlavuza webele wabesilisa. Kulabo abanesongo elikhulayo lomdlavuza, kungase kube khona izindlela zokunciphisa ingozi.

  • Uma umdlavuza webele ukhona emndenini wakho. Izinguquko ezithile ze-DNA zihlanganiswe nomdlavuza webele. Uma lezi zinguquko ze-DNA zikhona emndenini wakho, ungase ube nengozi ephakeme yomdlavuza webele. Izinguquko ze-DNA ezandisa ingozi yomdlavuza webele wabesilisa zihlanganisa i-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2. Uma wazi ukuthi ilungu lomndeni olukhulu liphethe izinguquko ze-DNA ezihlotshaniswe nomdlavuza webele, tshela udokotela wakho noma omunye ochwepheshe wezempilo. Ndingakwazi ukunquma ndawonye ukuthi kufanele wenze yini ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic ukuze ubone ukuthi nawe uyiphithe yini lezi zinguquko ze-DNA. Uma uyiphithe inguquko ye-DNA eyandisa ingozi yakho, ungase udinga ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuhilela ukuba njalo ngokubona isikhumba kanye nezinye izicubu esifubeni sakho. Tshela ochwepheshe bakho bezempilo uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko. Ungase futhi ube nokuhlolwa minyaka yonke kwesifuba sakho.
  • Uma ungumuntu wesilisa oguqula ubulili. Uma awukabi nokuhlinzwa kokuguqula ubulili esifubeni sakho, xoxa nodokotela wakho noma omunye ochwepheshe wezempilo ngokuqapha komdlavuza webele. Ngokuvamile, landela imiyalelo yokuhlola yabantu ababelethwe njengabesifazane. Uma usuvele wenza ukuhlinzwa kokuguqula ubulili esifubeni sakho, umdlavuza webele usengase ukwenzeke, yize kunqabile. Ngokuvamile inani elincane lesicubu sebele liyasala ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Yazi ukubukeka nokubamba isikhumba esifubeni sakho. Bika noma yiziphi izinguquko eqenjini lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha. Uma umdlavuza webele ukhona emndenini wakho. Izinguquko ezithile ze-DNA zihlanganiswe nomdlavuza webele. Uma lezi zinguquko ze-DNA zikhona emndenini wakho, ungase ube nengozi ephakeme yomdlavuza webele. Izinguquko ze-DNA ezandisa ingozi yomdlavuza webele wabesilisa zihlanganisa i-BRCA1 ne-BRCA2. Uma wazi ukuthi ilungu lomndeni olukhulu liphethe izinguquko ze-DNA ezihlotshaniswe nomdlavuza webele, tshela udokotela wakho noma omunye ochwepheshe wezempilo. Ndingakwazi ukunquma ndawonye ukuthi kufanele wenze yini ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic ukuze ubone ukuthi nawe uyiphithe yini lezi zinguquko ze-DNA. Uma uyiphithe inguquko ye-DNA eyandisa ingozi yakho, ungase udinga ukuhlolwa komdlavuza webele. Ngokuvamile lokhu kuhilela ukuba njalo ngokubona isikhumba kanye nezinye izicubu esifubeni sakho. Tshela ochwepheshe bakho bezempilo uma ubona noma yiziphi izinguquko. Ungase futhi ube nokuhlolwa minyaka yonke kwesifuba sakho. Uma ungumuntu wesilisa oguqula ubulili. Uma awukabi nokuhlinzwa kokuguqula ubulili esifubeni sakho, xoxa nodokotela wakho noma omunye ochwepheshe wezempilo ngokuqapha komdlavuza webele. Ngokuvamile, landela imiyalelo yokuhlola yabantu ababelethwe njengabesifazane. Uma usuvele wenza ukuhlinzwa kokuguqula ubulili esifubeni sakho, umdlavuza webele usengase ukwenzeke, yize kunqabile. Ngokuvamile inani elincane lesicubu sebele liyasala ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Yazi ukubukeka nokubamba isikhumba esifubeni sakho. Bika noma yiziphi izinguquko eqenjini lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha.
Ukuxilongwa

Izivivinyo nezinqubo zokuxilonga umdlavuza wesifuba kumadoda zingafaka:

  • Ukuhlolwa kwesifuba ngesandla. Ngalesi sihloko, ochwepheshe bezempilo bayazizwa izifuba nendawo ezizungezile ukuze bafune izicubu noma ezinye izinguquko. Lolu hlolo lusiza ochwepheshe bezempilo ukuqonda ukuthi izicubu zinkulu kangakanani, zizizwa kanjani, nokuthi ziseduze kangakanani kwesikhumba nemisipha.
  • Izivivinyo zezithombe. Izivivinyo zezithombe zingakha izithombe zezicubu zesifuba ukuze zifune izimpawu zomdlavuza. Izivivinyo zingafaka i-X-ray yesifuba, ebizwa ngokuthi i-mammogram, i-ultrasound noma isikhombisi se-MRI.

Ukususa isampula yaselula zesifuba ukuze kuhlolwe, okuthiwa yi-biopsy. Ukuze kutholakale ukuthi unomdlavuza yini, ungase ube nesinqubo sokususa isampula yaselula ukuze kuhlolwe elabhoratri. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi yi-biopsy. Ukuthola isampula, ochwepheshe bezempilo bafaka inhlanzi ngesikhumba esifubeni sakho. Ochwepheshe bezempilo bayaluqondisa inhlanzi besebenzisa i-mammogram noma olunye uvivinyo lwezithombe.

Elabhoratri, ochwepheshe bahlola iiselula ngaphansi komkhiqizo ukuze babone ukuthi yimikhakha yomdlavuza yini. Ezinye izivivinyo zingatshela ukuthi amaseli akho omdlavuza anama-receptor e-hormone noma ezinye izinguquko ze-DNA. Imiphumela yokuhlola iyabasiza iqembu lakho lezempilo ukuba lenze uhlelo lokwelashwa.

Kungase kube khona ezinye izivivinyo nezinqubo kuye ngesimo sakho.

Ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa komdlavuza wesifuba, iqembu lakho lezempilo lisebenza ukuze lithole ubukhulu bomdlavuza wakho. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi isiteji somdlavuza. Iqembu lakho lezempilo lisebenzisa isiteji somdlavuza wakho ukuqonda iphrognosis yakho nokwenza uhlelo lokwelashwa.

Isiteji somdlavuza wesifuba kumadoda sivame ukufaka izivivinyo zezithombe. Izithombe zingatshela iqembu lakho lezempilo ngobukhulu bomdlavuza wakho nokuthi usakazeke yini. Izivivinyo zingafaka:

  • Ukukopisha amathambo.
  • Ukukopisha kwe-CT.
  • Ukukopisha kwe-Positron emission tomography (PET).

Imiphumela yezivivinyo zelebhu kumaseli omdlavuza iyasiza ekuqondeni isiteji somdlavuza. Izivivinyo zingabonisa izinga lomdlavuza. Lokhu litshela iqembu lakho lezempilo ukuthi umdlavuza ukhula ngokushesha kangakanani. Iqembu lakho lokunakekela libuye licabange ukuthi amaseli akho omdlavuza anama-receptor. Izivivinyo zingabheka ama-receptor e-estrogen, i-progesterone ne-HER2.

Imiphumela yalezi zivivinyo isetshenziswa ekubekweni isiteji somdlavuza wakho. Iziteji zomdlavuza wesifuba ziya kusuka ku-0 kuya ku-4. Isiteji 0 sisho ukuthi umdlavuza mncane kakhulu. Kulesi siteji, umdlavuza usemigodini yobisi. Awukawaphuluki esicubeni sesifuba. Odokotela ngezinye izikhathi bakubiza lokhu ngokuthi umdlavuza ongahambisi.

Njengoba umdlavuza ukhula futhi ungena esicubeni sesifuba, iziteji ziyakhuphuka. Umdlavuza wesifuba wesiteji 4 usho ukuthi umdlavuza usakazeke kwenye indawo yomzimba.

Ukwelashwa

Ukwelapha umdlavuza webele kumadoda kuvame ukuqala ngokuhlinzwa. Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zihlanganisa i-chemotherapy, i-hormone therapy kanye ne-radiation therapy. Ukuze udale uhlelo lokwelapha, iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo libuka isigaba somdlavuza wakho, impilo yakho yonke nokuthi yini oyikhethayo. Umgomo wokuhlinzwa ukususa umdlavuza kanye nezinye izicubu eziphilile eziwuzungezile. Izinqubo ezisetshenziswa ekwelapheni umdlavuza webele kumadoda zihlanganisa:

  • Ukususa zonke izicubu zebele, okuthiwa yi-mastectomy. I-mastectomy ihilela ukususa zonke izicubu zebele ohlangothini olulodwa lwesibele sakho. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukususa i-nipple kanye nokwelula okungqongqile, okuthiwa yi-areola. Lolu uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu lokuhlinzwa lomdlavuza webele kumadoda.
  • Ukususa umdlavuza kanye nezinye izicubu eziphilile, okuthiwa yi-lumpectomy. I-lumpectomy ihilela ukususa umdlavuza kanye nezinye izicubu eziphilile eziwuzungezile. Izicubu zebele ezisele azisuswa. Ngezinye izikhathi odokotela babiza lokhu ngokuthi ukulondolozwa kwebele. Ngokuvamile, i-radiation therapy icelwa ngemuva kwe-lumpectomy.
  • Ukususa ama-lymph nodes ambalwa ukuze kuhlolwe, okuthiwa yi-sentinel lymph node biopsy. Udokotela ususa ama-lymph nodes anethuba elikhulu lokuba yindawo yokuqala lapho amaseli omdlavuza wakho angasakazeka khona. Lawo ma-lymph nodes ambalwa, okuthiwa ama-sentinel nodes, athunyelwa elabhoratri ukuze kuhlolwe. Uma kungekho amaseli omdlavuza, kunesizathu esihle sokuthi umdlavuza wakho webele awukahlanganisi izicubu zebele zakho. Uma kutholakala umdlavuza, kuningi ama-lymph nodes asuswa ukuze kuhlolwe. Ukususa ama-lymph nodes ambalwa ukuze kuhlolwe, okuthiwa yi-sentinel lymph node biopsy. Udokotela ususa ama-lymph nodes anethuba elikhulu lokuba yindawo yokuqala lapho amaseli omdlavuza wakho angasakazeka khona. Lawo ma-lymph nodes ambalwa, okuthiwa ama-sentinel nodes, athunyelwa elabhoratri ukuze kuhlolwe. Uma kungekho amaseli omdlavuza, kunesizathu esihle sokuthi umdlavuza wakho webele awukahlanganisi izicubu zebele zakho. Uma kutholakala umdlavuza, kuningi ama-lymph nodes asuswa ukuze kuhlolwe. I-radiation therapy isebenzisa imisebe yamandla enamandla ukubulala amaseli omdlavuza. Amandla angaphuma kuma-X-rays, amaprotons noma ezinye imithombo. Ngesikhathi se-radiation therapy, ulela etafuleni ngenkathi umshini uhamba-hamba ngawe. Umshini uqondisa i-radiation ezintweni ezithile emzimbeni wakho. Emhlabeni womdlavuza webele kumadoda, i-radiation therapy ingasetshenziswa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukubulala noma yimaphi amaseli omdlavuza angase ahlale ngemuva. I-radiation ivame ukuqondiswa esibele nase-armpit. Iningi lomdlavuza webele kumadoda linamaseli athenga kuma-hormones ukukhula, okuthiwa yi-hormone sensitive. Uma umdlavuza wakho uyi-hormone sensitive, i-hormone therapy ingaba yilona khetho. I-hormone therapy ingavimbela umdlavuza ukuba ungabuyeli ngemuva kokuhlinzwa. Uma umdlavuza usakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba, i-hormone therapy ingasiza ekuthambiseni ukukhula kwawo. I-hormone therapy yomdlavuza webele kumadoda ivame ukubandakanya imithi i-tamoxifen. Ezinye izidakamizwa ze-hormone therapy zingaba yilona khetho uma ungakwazi ukuthatha i-tamoxifen. I-chemotherapy isebenzisa imithi enamandla ukubulala amaseli omdlavuza. Le mithi ivame ukunikwa nge-vein. Ezinye izidakamizwa ze-chemotherapy zitholakala ngendlela yephukuthe. I-chemotherapy ingasetshenziswa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukubulala noma yimaphi amaseli omdlavuza angase ahlale emzimbeni. I-chemotherapy ingaba yilona khetho lokwelapha umdlavuza osakazeke kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. I-Targeted therapy isebenzisa imithi ehlasela amakhemikhali athile kumaseli omdlavuza. Ngokuvimbela lawo makhemikhali, ukwelashwa okuqondiswe kungenza amaseli omdlavuza afe. I-Targeted therapy ingasetshenziswa ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukubulala noma yimaphi amaseli omdlavuza angase ahlale emzimbeni. Ingaba yilona khetho uma umdlavuza usakazeke kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba. Bhalisela mahhala bese uthola olunye ulwazi mayelana nokuphathwa komdlavuza webele, ukunakekelwa nokuphathwa. adresi sixhumanisi sokuyeka ukubhalisa i-imeyili. Uzoba sesikhathini sokuqala ukuthola olunye ulwazi lwezempilo oluceliwe ebhokisini lakho leposi. Ukuthola ukuxilongwa komdlavuza kungaba yinto emangalisayo. Ngesikhathi, uzothola izindlela zokubhekana nokucindezeleka nezinselele zomdlavuza nokuphathwa komdlavuza. Kuze kube yilapho, ungase uthole ukuthi kuwusizo ukucabangela:
  • Ukukhuluma nomuntu othile. Ungase uzizwe ukhululekile ukuxoxa ngemizwa yakho nomngani noma ilungu lomndeni. Noma ungase ukhethe ukuhlangana neqembu loxhaso elisemthethweni. Amaqembu oxhaso emindenini yabantu abaphila ngemva komdlavuza nawo ayafika.
  • Umthandazo noma ukucamngca. Ungathandaza noma ucamngce wedwa. Noma ungaba nomxhasi ongokomoya noma umqeqeshi okuqondisa.
  • Ukuzivocavoca. Ukuzivocavoca okuthambile kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni isimo sakho sengqondo nokwenza uzizwe kangcono. Buza ilungu leqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo mayelana nokuzivocavoca ongakwenza.
  • Imisebenzi yobuciko. Ezinye imisebenzi, njengezobuciko, ukudansa nomculo, zingakusiza uzizwe ungacindezelekile. Amanye amasiko omdlavuza ana ochwepheshe abaqeqeshwe ngokukhethekile abangakuqondisa kule misebenzi.
  • Ukuzivocavoca kokupumula. Ukuzivocavoca kokupumula kusiza ekuqondiseni kabusha ingqondo yakho nokukusiza uphumule. Ukuzivocavoca kokupumula kuhlanganisa i-guided imagery kanye ne-progressive muscle relaxation. Ungenza ukuzivocavoca kokupumula wedwa noma nomqeqeshi. Ungase uthole ukuthi kuwusizo ukulalela irekhodi noma ukubuka ividiyo ekukhokhela kule misebenzi.

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