Izinhlungu Zekhanda Ezingaphezu Kwesilinganiso

Ubuhlungu bokusebenzisa kakhulu imithi — obaziwa nangokuthi ubuhlungu bokuphinda uphinde — bubangelwa ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwemithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu njengoba kwenzeka nge-migraine. Izinhlungu zokunciphisa ubuhlungu zinikeza impumuzo ebuhlungwini obungathi ngezikhathi ezithile. Kodwa uma uzithatha izinsuku ezingaphezu kwezimbili ngesonto, zingase zibangele ubuhlungu. Uma une-headache disorder njenge-migraine, iningi lemithi oyithathayo yokunciphisa ubuhlungu lingaba naleliphutha. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akubonakali kuqinisile kubantu abangakaze babe ne-headache disorder. Kubantu abangenayo imbali yokuhlupheka nge-headache, ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu njalo ngenxa yesimo esinye njenge-arthritis akukaze kubonakale kubangela ubuhlungu bokusebenzisa kakhulu imithi. Ubuhlungu bokusebenzisa kakhulu imithi ngokuvamile buyaphela uma uyeka ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu. Lokhu kungaba inselele ngesikhathi esifushane. Kodwa umhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zempilo angakusiza ukuthola izindlela zokunqoba ubuhlungu bokusebenzisa kakhulu imithi isikhathi eside.

Izimpawu zezinhlungu zekhanda ezingumphumela wokusebenzisa kakhulu imithi zingase zihluke. Zingase zihluke kuye ngohlobo lwenhlungu yekhanda eliphathwa kanye nemiithi esetshenziswayo. Izinhlungu zekhanda ezingumphumela wokusebenzisa kakhulu imithi zivame ukuba:

• Zenzeka yonke imihla noma cishe yonke imihla. Zivame ukukuphulukisa ekuseni kakhulu.
• Ziyakhamba ngemithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu kodwa zibuyele uma imithi isiphelile.

Ezinye izimpawu zingafaka:

• Ukupukeka kwesisu.
• Ukungakhululeki.
• Ubunzima bokuqonda.
• Izinkinga zokukhumbula.
• Ukucasuka.

Ubuhlungu bekhanda obungekho njalo buvamile. Kodwa kubalulekile ukubheka ubuhlungu bekhanda ngokungathi sína. Ezinye izinhlobo zobuhlungu bekhanda zingaba yingozi eyingozi.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ubuhlungu bekhanda bakho:

• Buqala ngokuzumayo futhi bukhulu.
• Buhambisana nokuqanduseka, intamo eqinile, isihlungu, ukudideka, ukuhlupheka, ukubona okubili, ubuthakathaka, ukungabi namandla noma ukuhlupheka ekukhulumeni.
• Kulandela ukulimala kwekhanda.
• Kubi nakakhulu naphezu kokulala nokusebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu.
• Luhlobo olusha lobuhlungu bekhanda oluqhubekayo, ikakhulu kumuntu ophezu kweminyaka engama-50.
• Luhambisana nokuqina kokuphefumula.
• Luvela uma umi kodwa luya uma ulele phansi.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma:

• Uvame ukuba nobuhlungu bekhanda kabili noma ngaphezulu ngesonto.
• Uthatha umuthi wokunciphisa ubuhlungu bobuhlungu bekhanda ngaphezulu kabili ngesonto.
• Udinga okungaphezu kwesilinganiso esinconywayo semithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu engaqondisiwe ukuze unciphise ubuhlungu bekhanda bakho.
• Iphethini yobuhlungu bekhanda lakho ishintsha.

Odokoteli abakaqondi kahle ukuthi kungani izikhathi zokuzwa ubuhlungu ezinye eziningi zenzeka. Ingozi yokuthi zivele ihluka kuye ngemithi. Kodwa-ke, imithi eminingi yokuqeda ubuhlungu inamandla okubangela izikhathi zokuzwa ubuhlungu ezinye eziningi, okuhlanganisa:

• Imithi elula yokunciphisa ubuhlungu. Imithi evamile yokunciphisa ubuhlungu efana ne-aspirin ne-acetaminophen (Tylenol, nezinye) ingase ibe nomthelela ekubangeleni izikhathi zokuzwa ubuhlungu ezinye eziningi. Lokhu ikakhulu uma uthatha okungaphezu kwemilinganiso yansuku zonke ecebiswayo. Ezinye izidakamizwa zokunciphisa ubuhlungu ezinjenge-ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, nezinye) ne-naproxen sodium (Aleve) zinengozi encane yokubangela izikhathi zokuzwa ubuhlungu ezinye eziningi.
• Imithi yokuqeda ubuhlungu bokhanda. Imithi ehlukahlukene yokuqeda ubuhlungu bokhanda iye yaxhunyaniswa nezimo zokuzwa ubuhlungu ezinye eziningi. Ihlanganisa i-triptans (Imitrex, Zomig, nezinye) nezinye izidakamizwa zokuqeda ubuhlungu ezaziwa ngokuthi yi-ergots, njenge-ergotamine (Ergomar). Le mithi inengozi ephakathi yokubangela izikhathi zokuzwa ubuhlungu ezinye eziningi. I-ergot dihydroergotamine (Migranal, Trudhesa) kubonakala sengathi inengozi encane yokubangela izikhathi zokuzwa ubuhlungu ezinye eziningi.

Iqembu elisha lemithi yokuqeda ubuhlungu bokhanda ezaziwa ngokuthi yi-gepants alibonakali libangela izikhathi zokuzwa ubuhlungu ezinye eziningi. I-Gepants ihlanganisa i-ubrogepant (Ubrelvy) ne-rimegepant (Nurtec ODT).

• I-Opioids. Izidakamizwa zokuqeda ubuhlungu ezivela ku-opium noma ezakhiweni ze-opium ezihlanganisiwe zinengozi enkulu yokubangela izikhathi zokuzwa ubuhlungu ezinye eziningi. Zihlanganisa ukuxuba kwe-codeine ne-acetaminophen.

Leli qembu lihlanganisa nezinye izidakamizwa ezitholakala ngomthetho eziqukethe i-sedative butalbital (Butapap, Lanorinal, nezinye). Imithi ehlanganisa i-butalbital inengozi enkulu kakhulu yokubangela izikhathi zokuzwa ubuhlungu ezinye eziningi. Kungcono ukungayithathi ukuze welaphe ubuhlungu bokhanda.

Imithi yokuqeda ubuhlungu bokhanda. Imithi ehlukahlukene yokuqeda ubuhlungu bokhanda iye yaxhunyaniswa nezimo zokuzwa ubuhlungu ezinye eziningi. Ihlanganisa i-triptans (Imitrex, Zomig, nezinye) nezinye izidakamizwa zokuqeda ubuhlungu ezaziwa ngokuthi yi-ergots, njenge-ergotamine (Ergomar). Le mithi inengozi ephakathi yokubangela izikhathi zokuzwa ubuhlungu ezinye eziningi. I-ergot dihydroergotamine (Migranal, Trudhesa) kubonakala sengathi inengozi encane yokubangela izikhathi zokuzwa ubuhlungu ezinye eziningi.

Iqembu elisha lemithi yokuqeda ubuhlungu bokhanda ezaziwa ngokuthi yi-gepants alibonakali libangela izikhathi zokuzwa ubuhlungu ezinye eziningi. I-Gepants ihlanganisa i-ubrogepant (Ubrelvy) ne-rimegepant (Nurtec ODT).

Amadosi ansuku zonke e-caffeine nawo angase akhulise izikhathi zokuzwa ubuhlungu ezinye eziningi. I-caffeine ingase ivela ekhofini, isiraphu, imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu nezinye izimpahla. Funda imibhalo yemikhiqizo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi awutholi i-caffeine engaphezu kwalokho oqaphelayo.

Izimbangela ezingozi zokuthuthukisa izikhathi zokuzwa ubuhlungu ezingapheli ngenxa yokusebenzisa imithi kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Umlando wezinkinga zokuzwa ubuhlungu eziphila ubomi bonke. Umlando wezinkinga zokuzwa ubuhlungu eziphila ubomi bonke, ikakhulukazi izigwegwe, ukubeka engcupheni.
• Ukusetshenziswa njalo kwemithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu. Ingcupo yakho iyanda uma usebenzisa imithi yokwelapha ubuhlungu ehlanganisiwe, i-opioids, i-ergotamine noma i-triptans izinsuku eziyi-10 noma ngaphezulu ngenyanga. Ingcupo iphinde iyandise uma usebenzisa imithi elula yokwelapha ubuhlungu izinsuku ezingaphezu kweziyi-15 ngenyanga. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma usebenzisa le mithi izinyanga ezintathu noma ngaphezulu.
• Umlando wokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa. Umlando wokusebenzisa kabi utshwala noma olunye uhlobo lokusebenzisa kabi izidakamizwa ukubeka engcupheni.

Ukuvimbela izikhathi zokuzwa ubuhlungu ezikhiqizwa ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwemithi:

• Thatha imithi yakho yokuhlunguza njengoba kulotshiwe.
• Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma udinga imithi yokuhlunguza ngaphezu kwesikhathi esingaphezu kabili ngesonto.
• Ungathathi imithi ehlanganisa ibutalbital noma i-opioids ngaphandle uma kudingeka.
• Sebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu engayona imithi yokuhlunguza ngaphansi kwezinsuku eziyi-15 ngenyanga.
• Khawulela ukusetshenziswa kwe-triptans noma imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu ehlanganisiwe kungabi ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingu-9 ngenyanga. Ukukhathalela wena ngokwakho kungasiza ekuvimbeleni izikhathi eziningi zokuzwa ubuhlungu.
• Gwema izinto ezibangela ubuhlungu. Uma ungaqiniseki ukuthi yini ebangela ubuhlungu bakho, gcina idayari yokuhlunguza. Bhala imininingwane mayelana nalo lonke ubuhlungu. Ungase ubona iphethini.
• Thula ubuthongo obanele. Lala bese uvuka ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke, ngisho nasekupheleni kwesonto.
• Ungaphuthi ukudla. Qala usuku lwakho ngekusasa elihle. Dlala isidlo sasemini nesasekuseni cishe ngesikhathi esifanayo nsuku zonke.
• Hlala uthambile. Qiniseka ukuthi uphuza amanzi amaningi noma ezinye izinto ezingenawo i-caffeine.
• Zivocavoca njalo. Ukuzivocavoca kubangela umzimba ukuba ukhulule amakhemikhali avikelayo ezingxangxasi zobuhlungu ezingeni lobuchopho. Ngokwemvume yodokotela wakho, khetha imisebenzi oyithandayo. Ungase ukhethe ukuhamba, ukuqubha noma ukujika ibhayisikili.
• Ncipha ukucindezeleka. Hlela izinto. Yenza isimiso sakho sibe lula, bese uhlela kusengaphambili. Zama ukuhlala uqotho.
• Lahla isisindo. Ukukhulu kwesisindo kungase kube nomthelela ebuhlungu. Uma udinga ukulahla isisindo, thola uhlelo olusebenza ngawe.
• Yekela ukubhema. Uma ubhema, xhumana nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuyeka ukubhema. Ukubhema kuhlanganiswe nezingozi eziphezulu zezikhathi zokuzwa ubuhlungu ezikhiqizwa ukusetshenziswa kakhulu kwemithi.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo uvamise ukukwazi ukuxilonga izikhathi zokukhathazeka ezingaphezulu ngokusekelwe emlandweni wakho wezinkinga zokukhathazeka nokusetshenziswa njalo kwemithi. Ukuhlolwa ngokuvamile akudingeki.

Ukuqeda izingxaki zezinhlungu zekhanda ezingapheli ngenxa yokusebenzisa imithi kakhulu, kuzodingeka uthintele imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu. Umhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo angase akukhuthaze ukuba uyishiye ngokuphelele imithi noma uyanciphise kancane kancane inani osilimayo. \n\nUma uyiyeka imithi yakho, linda ukuthi izinhlungu zekhanda zibe zimbi ngaphambi kokuba zibe ngcono. Ungaba nokuhlushwa kukho kokuxhomeka kweminye imithi eholela ezingxakini zezinhlungu zekhanda ezingapheli ngenxa yokusebenzisa imithi kakhulu. Izimpawu zokuyeka imithi zingafaka:\n\n- Ukukhathazeka.\n- Ukungazoli.\n- Ukuphefumula.\n- Ukugabha.\n- Ukungalali ubuthongo.\n- Isibindi.\n\Lezi zimpawu ngokuvamile zihlala izinsuku ezi-2 kuya kwezi-10. Kodwa zingaphikelela amasonto ambalwa.\n\nUmhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo angase anikeze ukwelashwa okuzokusiza ngebuhlungu bekhanda nemiphumela emibi yokuyeka imithi. Lokhu kuyaziwa ngokuthi ukwelashwa okuyisibindi noma okuguquguqukayo. Ukwelashwa kungafaka imithi engalwi nokuvuvukala, i-corticosteroids noma ukugqwala izinzwa. Umhlinzeki wakho angase futhi akukhuthaze i-dihydroergotamine ye-ergot enikezwa ngomqondo.\n\nKunengxabano mayelana nokuthi ukwelashwa okuyisibindi kungaba namuphi umzuzu. Kunengxabano futhi mayelana nokuthi iyiphi indlela yokwelapha esebenza kangcono kunezinye. Izinhlungu zokushiya imithi zivame ukuthuthuka ngaphansi kwesonto elilodwa.\n\nNgezinye izikhathi kungcono ukuba endaweni eqondiswe kahle uma uyeka ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu. Ukuhlala esibhedlela isikhathi esifushane kungase kunconywe uma:\n\n- Uthatha imithi eningi enezinto ezifana ne-opiates noma i-sedative butalbital.\n- Usebenzisa izinto ezifana ne-tranquilizers, i-opioids noma i-barbiturates.\n\nImithi yokuvimbela ingakusiza ukuqeda izingxaki zezinhlungu zekhanda ezingapheli ngenxa yokusebenzisa imithi kakhulu. Sebenzisana nomhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo ukuze ugweme ukubuyela emuva futhi uthole indlela ephephile yokuphatha izinhlungu zekhanda. Ngesikhathi noma ngemuva kokuyeka imithi, umhlinzeki wakho angase anikeze imithi yokuvikela yansuku zonke efana nale:\n\n- Imithi yokulwa nokuhlushwa kwemisipha efana ne-topiramate (Topamax, Qudexy XR, nezinye).\n- I-beta blocker efana ne-propranolol (Inderal LA, Innopran XL, Hemangeol).\n- I-calcium channel blocker efana ne-verapamil (Calan SR, Verelan, Verelan PM).\n\nUma unembali ye-migraine, umhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo angase akukhuthaze ukugonywa yi-CGRP monoclonal antibody efana ne-erenumab (Aimovig), i-galcanezumab (Emgality), i-fremanezumab (Ajovy) noma i-eptinezumab (Vyepti). I-Erenumab, i-galcanezumab ne-fremanezumab kuyizigonyo zenyanga zonke. I-Eptinezumab inikezwa njalo ngenyanga ezintathu ngokufakwa ngomqondo.\n\nLe miithi ingasiza ukulawula ubuhlungu bakho ngaphandle kokubeka engcupheni yezinhlungu zekhanda ezingapheli ngenxa yokusebenzisa imithi kakhulu. Ungase ukwazi ukuthatha imithi ekhethekile yokunciphisa ubuhlungu phakathi kwezinhlungu zekhanda zesikhathi esizayo. Kodwa qiniseka ukuthi uyayithatha ngendlela eyalwe ngayo.\n\nUkugonywa kwe-onabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) kungasiza ukunciphisa inani lezinhlungu zekhanda ozitholayo njalo ngenyanga. Zingase futhi zenze izinhlungu zekhanda zingabi nzima kakhulu.\n\nLokhu ukwelashwa kokukhuluma kufundisa izindlela zokubhekana nezinhlungu zekhanda. Ku-CBT, usebenza futhi ngezindlela zokuphila ezinempilo futhi ugcine idayari yezinhlungu zekhanda.\n\nKubantu abaningi, ukwelashwa okuhambisanayo noma okunye kunikeza impumuzo ebuhlungwini bekhanda. Noma kunjalo, akuzona zonke lezi zindlela zokwelapha ezifundwe njengokwelashwa kwezinhlungu zekhanda. Kweminye imithi, ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka. Xoxa ngengozi nezinzuzo zokwelashwa okuhambisanayo nomhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo.\n\nUkwelashwa okungenzeka kufaka:\n\n- I-Acupuncture. Lena indlela yasendulo esebenzisa izimpumputhe ezincane ukuze ikhuthaze ukukhululwa kwezinto zokunciphisa ubuhlungu zemvelo nezinye izinto ezihlanganiswe ngaphakathi kwesistimu ephakathi. Lokhu ukwelashwa kunganciphisa izinhlungu zekhanda.\n- Ama-herbs, amavithamini naminerali. Ezinye izithasiselo zokudla zibonakala zisiza ukuvimbela noma ukwelapha izinhlobo ezithile zezinhlungu zekhanda. Kodwa kunesekelo lesayensi elincane kulezi zikhangiso. Zifaka i-magnesium, i-feverfew, i-coenzyme Q10 ne-riboflavin, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-vitamin B2. Uma ucabanga ngokusebenzisa izithasiselo, xhumana nomhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo. Ezinye izithasiselo zingase zihlangane nezinye imithi oyiyithathayo. Noma zingaba nemiphumela emibi.\n\nUngase uthole kuwusizo ukukhuluma nabanye abantu abake bahlangabezana nesipiliyoni esifanayo nesikho kuwe. Buza umhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo uma kukhona amaqembu wokusekela endaweni yakini. Noma xhumana ne-National Headache Foundation ku-www.headaches.org noma ku-888-643-5552.