Amadoda 2

I-Multiple endocrine neoplasia, uhlobo 2, ebizwa nangokuthi i-MEN 2, iyisimo esingavamile. Ibanga iziphundu ezindlebeni ze-thyroid ne-parathyroid, ezindlebeni ze-adrenal, ezindebeni, emlonyeni, emehlweni nasemgogweni wokudla. Ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic kungathola i-gene eshintshile ebangela i-MEN 2. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bangaphatha izinkinga zempilo le gene ingazibangela.

I-MEN 2 iyisifo esidluliselwa ezizukulwaneni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abantu abanayo i-gene eshintshile bangayidlulisela kubantwana babo. Umuntu ngamunye unethuba elingu-50% lokuba naleli sifo.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili ze-MEN 2:

• I-MEN 2A. Lokhu kwaziwa nangokuthi yi-classical MEN 2A noma i-Sipple syndrome. Ibanga umdlavuza we-medullary thyroid kanye neziphundu ezingelona umdlavuza ze-parathyroid glands ne-adrenal glands.
• I-MEN 2B. Lolu hlobo lwe-MEN 2 luluhlangotye. Ibanga umdlavuza we-medullary thyroid, iziphundu ezingelona umdlavuza ze-adrenal gland, kanye neziphundu ezingelona umdlavuza ezindebeni, olimini nasemgogweni wokudla. I-MEN 2B ayibangeli izinkinga ezindlebeni ze-parathyroid.

Izimpawu ze-MEN 2 ziyahluka kuye ngohlobo lomdlavuza. Abantu abane-MEN 2B banesimo esikhethekile. Bangaba namaqhubu olulimi, ezindebeni nasemehlweni. Bavame ukuba baphezulu futhi banqunu ngamakhono amade nezinyawo. Nazi ezinye zezimpawu ezingahlobana nohlobo lomdlavuza ngalunye. Umhlaza we-thyroid medullary: Izicubu emagqaleni noma entanyeni Ubunzima bokuthakazela noma ukugwinya Ukukhuluphala I-diarrhea I-hyperplasia ye-parathyroid, eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-primary hyperparathyroidism: Ubuhlungu bemisipha namalunga I-constipation Ukukhathala Izinkinga zememori Amatshe kwikidney Izicubu ze-adrenal, ezaziwa nangokuthi yi-pheochromocytoma: Ukuphuma kwegazi Ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo Ukukhathazeka Ubuhlungu ekhanda Izimpawu zingabangelwa yisici somdlavuza we-thyroid esicindezela izicubu ezizungezile noma ngokukhishwa kwamahomoni amaningi emzimbeni. Abanye abantu abane-medullary thyroid cancer bangase bangabi nazimpawu. Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, xhumana nodokotela wakho.

Uma unezinye zalezi zimpawu, xhumana nodokotela wakho.

I-MEN 2 iyisimo esitholwa ezizukulwaneni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu ophethe i-gene eguqukile engabangela i-MEN 2 angayidlulisela le gene kubantwana bakhe.

Abantu abaningi bangaba ngumuntu wokuqala emindenini yabo ukuba naleli gciwane. Abantu abaxilongwe ngomdlavuza we-thyroid medullary bahlolwa njalo nge-MEN 2.

I-MEN 2 ingabangela ukuba amaglands e-parathyroid afake i-calcium eningi kakhulu egazini. Lokhu kuwaziwa njenge-hyperparathyroidism ephambili. Amaglands e-parathyroid atholakala entanyeni yakho. I-calcium eyengeziwe egazini ingabangela izinkinga eziningi, kufaka phakathi amathambo abuthakathaka, okuthiwa yi-osteoporosis, amatshe ekidini nokudingeka ukuthi uphuze kakhulu. Umdlavuza we-thyroid we-medullary ubonakala njengobumba entanyeni noma e-thyroid. Kungaba nzima ukugwinya uma i-tumor inkulu noma ezinye izimpawu uma umdlavuza usakazeka ngaphandle kwentanyeni. Abantu abane-MEN 2 bangaba nesimo esibizwa nge-pheochromocytoma. Lesi simo sibangela i-tumors ezingelona umdlavuza e-adrenal gland. Amaglands e-adrenal atholakala phezulu kwezinso. Lezi tumors zingakhulula ama-hormones abangela ukucindezeleka kwegazi, ukukhishwa ukweluka nezinye izimpawu.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic kusetshenziswa ukuthola ukuthi umuntu unayo yini i-gene eshintshile ebangela i-MEN 2. Abantwana bomuntu onale gene eshintshile bangayidlulisela futhi bathuthukise i-MEN 2. Abazali nabazalwane bangaba nale gene eshintshile ngisho noma bengenawo imimonyo. Uma umuntu emndenini wakho ekhombiswe ukuthi une-MEN 2, umhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo cishe uzokuncoma wena namalungu omndeni wakho ukuba nibe nokwenziwa ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-MEN 2 ingaphathwa noma ilawulwe ngokususa i-gland ye-thyroid ekuqaleni kokuphila. Ukwenziwa i-screening ye-tumors ze-parathyroid noma ze-adrenal kungasiza. Uma kungenayo i-gene eshintshile etholakala kumalungu omndeni, ngokuvamile akukho ukuhlolwa kwe-screening okunye okudingekayo. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic akufumani zonke izinguquko ze-gene ze-MEN 2. Uma i-MEN 2 ingatholakali kubantu abangaba nayo, bona namalungu omndeni wabo bazoba nokwenziwa ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwegazi nokwenziwa i-imaging ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ukuhlola izimpawu zesifo.

Ukuthola i-multiple endocrine neoplasia, uhlobo 2, ebizwa nangokuthi i-MEN 2, umhlinzeki wakho wezempilo uzokwenza uvivinyo lomzimba. Bazobheka umlando wakho wezokwelapha nomlando womndeni wakho. Bazokwenza nokukuhlolwa kwe-genetic ukuze babone ukuthi unoguquko oluthile lwe-gene oluyimbangela ye-MEN 2. Kungenzeka kwenziwe ukuhlolwa kwegazi, amanzi, kanye nokukuhlolwa kwezithombe. Lokhu kungafaka:

• Amazinga e-calcitonin egazini
• I-calcium yegazi
• Amazinga e-parathyroid hormone
• Ukuhlolwa lwamanzi noma i-plasma ye-catecholamines ne-metanephrines
• I-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• I-Computerized tomography (CT) scan
• I-Ultrasound scan