Ukuthi yini iMeningioma? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

IMeningioma uhlobo lwe-tumor yengqondo ekhula eziqeshini ezivikela ingqondo yakho nomgogodla wakho, ebizwa ngokuthi yi-meninges. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi iningi le-meningiomas libenign, okusho ukuthi aliyona i-cancer futhi liyakhula kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lezi tumors zithuthukela ezintweni ezincane eziqeshini ezihlanganisa ingqondo yakho njengesihlalo sokuvikela. Nakuba igama elithi "i-tumor yengqondo" lingase lizwakale liyesabekayo, i-meningiomas empeleni uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu lwe-tumor yengqondo ekuqaleni kubantu abadala, futhi abantu abaningi baphila impilo egcwele, evamile ngokwelashwa okufanele.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-meningioma?

I-Meningiomas eminingi ayibangeli zimpawu nhlobo, ikakhulukazi uma zincane. Ungaba nayo iminyaka ngaphandle kokwazi, futhi ivame ukutholakala ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa kwengqondo okwenziwa ngezizathu eziningi.

Uma izimpawu zivele, ngokuvamile zithuthuka kancane njengoba i-tumor ikhula kancane futhi ibeke ukucindezela okuncane esicini esiseduze sengqondo. Nanka ama-signs umzimba wakho ongawabukisa:

• Izinhlungu zikhanda ezingase zibe zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi noma zizwe zihlukile kwezinhlungu zakho zikhanda eziqhelile
• Ukuhlanza, okungaba yisibonakaliso sokuqala kwabanye abantu
• Ukushintsha kokubona, kufaka phakathi ukubona okuphazamisekile noma ukubona okubili
• Ubuthakathaka ezingalweni zakho noma emilenzeni, ngokuvamile ngakolunye uhlangothi
• Izinkinga zokukhumbula noma ukuhluleka ukugxila
• Ukushintsha komuntu siqu noma ukuguquguquka kwesimo sengqondo
• Ubunzima bokukhuluma noma ukungakwazi ukuthola amagama
• Ukwehluleka kokuzwa noma ukukhala ezindlebeni
• Ukwehluleka kokunuka noma ukunambitha

Abanye abantu bangase babe nezimpawu ezithile kuye ngokuthi i-meningioma ikuphi. Ngokwesibonelo, i-tumors eduze emuva kwekhanda lakho ingase ithonye ukubona kwakho, kuyilapho lezo eziseduze kwitempile zakho zingase zibe nomthelela ekukuzweni kwakho noma ekukhulumeni kwakho.

Khumbula, lezi zimpawu zingaba nezizathu eziningi. Ukuba nesibonakaliso esisodwa noma ngaphezulu akusikho ukuthi une-meningioma, kodwa kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-meningioma?

Odokotela bahlukanisa i-meningiomas zibe izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko kuye ngokuthi izicubu zibonakala kanjani ngaphansi komkhiqizo futhi zikhula kangcono kangakanani. Le sistim ye-grading iyabasiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuhlela indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu kuwe.

I-Grade I meningiomas uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu, olukwakha cishe u-80% wazo zonke izimo. Lezi yiz-tumors ezingenayo i-cancer ezikhula kancane kakhulu futhi azivame ukusabalala kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho. Abantu abaningi abane-Grade I meningiomas banemiphumela emihle kakhulu ngokwelashwa.

I-Grade II meningiomas kubhekwa njengengavamile futhi ikhula ngokushesha kunama-Grade I tumors. Zenza cishe u-15-20% ye-meningiomas futhi zinama-chance aphezulu okuphinda zivele ngemuva kokwelashwa, kodwa zisaphatheka kahle.

I-Grade III meningiomas iyona i-cancer futhi ingavamile kakhulu, evela ku-1-3% kuphela yezimo. Lezi tumors zikhula ngokushesha futhi zivame ukusabalala, kodwa ngisho nalezi zingaphathwa ngempumelelo ngendlela efanele.

Yini ebangela i-meningioma?

Imbangela eqondile ye-meningiomas eminingi isalungile, kodwa abacwaningi bathole izinto eziningana ezingase zidlale indima. Ezimweni eziningi, lezi tumors zibonakala zithuthuka ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile.

Ukukhishwa kweradieysheni ingenye yezinto eziyingozi eziqondile eziye zatholakala ngabacwaningi. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukwelashwa ngeradieysheni kwangaphambili endaweni yekhanda noma yomlomo, okuvamile okusetshenziswa ukwelapha ezinye izifo ze-cancer. Noma kunjalo, ingozi isancane, futhi abantu abaningi abaye baba neradieysheni abathuthuki i-meningiomas.

Ama-hormones, ikakhulukazi i-estrogen, abonakala ethonya ukukhula kwe-meningioma. Abafazi banethuba elingaphezulu kabili kunamadoda lokuba nalezi tumors, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zikhula ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa noma ngokwelashwa kwe-hormone replacement. Ezinye i-meningiomas zinama-hormone receptors ebusweni bazo.

Izinto zofuzo zingase zinikeze ezimweni ezingavamile. Ingxenye encane ye-meningiomas ihlotshaniswa nezimpawu ezifuywe njenge-neurofibromatosis type 2, kodwa izimo eziningi azixhunyaniswanga nomlando womndeni.

Ubudala ingenye into, ngoba i-meningiomas ivame kakhulu kubantu abadala kuno-40. Noma kunjalo, ingase ivele kunoma yiliphi iminyaka, kufaka phakathi ezinganeni, nakuba lokhu kungavamile.

Nini okufanele ubheke udokotela nge-meningioma?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlushwa izinhlungu zikhanda ezihlala njalo ezihlukile kwiphethini yakho evamile noma zibonakala ziba zimbi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Izinhlungu zikhanda ezintsha ezingaphenduli ekwelapheni okuvamile kufanele zitholakale ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma une-seizures, ikakhulukazi uma awukaze ube nazo ngaphambili. Ngisho nama-episodes amafuphi lapho ulahlekelwa khona ukwazi noma une-movements engavamile kufanele ahlolwe uchwepheshe wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Ukushintsha kokubona kwakho, ukukhuluma, noma ukuhambisana nakho kuyizimpawu ezibalulekile okufanele uzixoxe nodokotela wakho. Lokhu kufaka phakathi ukubona okubili, ubunzima bokuthola amagama, noma ubuthakathaka ngakolunye uhlangothi lomzimba wakho.

Uma uqaphela ukushintsha komuntu siqu, izinkinga zokukhumbula, noma ukuhluleka ukugxila okuphazamisa impilo yakho yansuku zonke, lezi zimpawu zidinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha. Ngezinye izikhathi amalungu omndeni aqaphela lezi zinguquko ngaphambi kwakho.

Thembela ezizweni zakho. Uma kukhona okuzwa okuhlukile ngempilo yakho futhi kuhlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, kuhlale kufanele uhlole nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Ziyini izinto eziyingozi ze-meningioma?

Izinto eziningana zingandisa amathuba akho okuba ne-meningioma, nakuba ukuba nalezi zinto eziyingozi akusho ukuthi uzoyithola ngokuqinisekile. Ukuziqonda kungakusiza ukuba ube nezingxoxo ezilwemi neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Ukuba owesifazane yinto eyingozi kakhulu, ngoba abesifazane bathuthukisa i-meningiomas kabili kunamadoda. Umehluko lo cishe uhlangene nama-hormones, ikakhulukazi i-estrogen, engase ikhuthaze ukukhula kwe-meningiomas ethile.

Ubudala budlala indima ebalulekile, ngoba iningi le-meningiomas liqalwa kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engu-40 no-70. Ingozi iyakhula njengoba ukhula, nakuba lezi tumors zingase zivele kubantu abadala abancane nezingane.

Ukukhishwa kweradieysheni kwangaphambili ekhanda kwandisa ingozi, ikakhulukazi uma uthole ukwelashwa ngeradieysheni kwezinye izifo ze-cancer ngesikhathi sobuntwana. Noma kunjalo, ingozi iyonke isancane, futhi izinzuzo zokwelashwa okudingekayo ngeradieysheni ngokuvamile zidlula ukukhathazeka oku.

Ezinye izimo zofuzo, ikakhulukazi i-neurofibromatosis type 2, zikhuthaza kakhulu ingozi ye-meningioma. Noma kunjalo, izimo ezifuywe zenza ingxenye encane kuphela yazo zonke i-meningiomas.

Ezinye izifundo ziqondisa ukuthi i-hormone replacement therapy ingase ikhulise kancane ingozi kwabesifazane abase-postmenopausal, nakuba ubufakazi abuncame. Uma ucabanga ngokwelashwa kwe-hormone, xoxa ngezinto eziyingozi nezinzuzo nodokotela wakho.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ze-meningioma?

Iningi le-meningiomas alibangeli izinhlanganisela eziningi, ikakhulukazi uma zincane futhi azicindezeli izakhiwo ezibalulekile zengqondo. Noma kunjalo, njengoba lezi tumors zikhula, ngezinye izikhathi zingase ziholele ezintweni ezingathi sína.

I-Seizures ingenye yezinhlanganisela ezivamile kakhulu, evela cishe ku-25-30% yabantu abane-meningiomas. Lezi zingase zibe yizigameko ezifushane zokudideka kuya ekuhlanzweni okukhulu, kodwa ngokuvamile ziyalawulwa kahle ngemithi.

Izimpawu ze-neurological eziqhubekayo zingase zithuthuke uma i-tumor iqhubeka ikhula futhi ibeke ukucindezela esicini esiseduze sengqondo. Lokhu kungase kufaka phakathi ubuthakathaka obukhulu, izinkinga zokukhuluma, noma ukushintsha kokubona okuthinta kancane imisebenzi yansuku zonke.

Ukucindezela okwandayo ngaphakathi ekhanda kungase kwenzeke nge-meningiomas emikhulu, okuholela ezinhlungwini zikhanda ezinzima, ekuhlanzeni, nasekukhahleleni. Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-meningiomas ingase ibe nezinhlanganisela ezisongela impilo uma zikhona ezindaweni ezibalulekile noma zikhule ngokwanele ukucindezela izakhiwo ezibalulekile zengqondo. Noma kunjalo, ngokubeka iliso okufanele nokwelashwa, izinhlanganisela ezinkulu azivamile.

Abanye abantu bangase babe nezinguquko zomzwelo noma zengqondo, kufaka phakathi ubunzima ngekhono lokukhumbula, ukugxila, noma ukulungiswa kwesimo sengqondo. Le miphumela ingase ithonye kakhulu ikhwalithi yempilo kodwa ngokuvamile iphucuka ngokwelashwa okufanele.

I-Meningioma ihlonishwa kanjani?

Ukuhlonishwa kwe-meningioma ngokuvamile kuqala ngodokotela wakho oqaphela izimpawu zakho futhi enze ukuhlolwa kwe-neurological. Uzohlola ama-reflexes akho, ukuhambisana, nokusebenza kwengqondo ukuze ubone izimpawu zokuthi ingqondo ihilelekile.

I-MRI scan ngokuvamile iyona iviki ebaluleke kakhulu yokuthola i-meningiomas. Lolu cwaningo oluqondile lwe-imaging lungabonisa usayizi, indawo, nezici ze-tumor ngokucacile okumangalisayo. I-scan ayibuhlungu, nakuba abanye abantu bethola indawo evaliwe nemisindo eminingi ingakhululeki.

I-CT scan ingase isetshenziswe esikhundleni se-MRI noma ngaphezu kwayo, ikakhulukazi uma ungakwazi ukuba ne-MRI ngenxa yezinto zensimbi noma i-claustrophobia enzima. I-CT scans isheshayo kodwa inikeza izithombe ezingacacile zezicubu ezithambile njengengqondo.

Uma i-imaging iphakamisa i-meningioma, udokotela wakho angase acele ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ukuze aqonde uhlobo oluqondile nesigaba. Ngezinye izikhathi i-biopsy idingeka, lapho isibonelo esincane sesicubu sisuswa ukuze sihlolwe ngaphansi komkhiqizo.

Izivivinyo zegazi ngokuvamile azisetshenziswa ukuhlonishwa kwe-meningiomas, kodwa udokotela wakho angase azilawule ukuze ahlole impilo yakho yonke futhi alungiselele izinketho zokwelapha ezingase zikhethwe.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-meningioma?

Ukwelashwa kwe-meningioma kuncike ezintweni eziningana, kufaka phakathi usayizi we-tumor, indawo, isivinini sokukhula, nempilo yakho yonke. I-Meningiomas eminingi emincane, ekhula kancane ayidingi ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ukubuka ngokubeka iliso okuvamile kuvame ukuba yindlela yokuqala ye-meningiomas emincane engabangeli zimpawu. Udokotela wakho uzokubeka i-MRI scans njalo ukuze abone noma yikuphi ukushintsha ngobukhulu noma ukubonakala. Le ndlela "yokulinda nokubuka" ikuvumela ukuba ugweme ukwelashwa okungadingekile ngenkathi uqinisekisa isenzo esisheshayo uma kudingeka.

Ukuhlinzwa kuyindlela evamile yokwelapha i-meningiomas ebangela izimpawu noma ekhula kakhulu. Umgomo ngokuvamile ukususa ingxenye enkulu ye-tumor ngokuphepha ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi ugcina ukusebenza okuqondile kwengqondo.

Ukwelashwa ngeradieysheni kungase kunconywe uma ukuhlinzwa kungenakwenzeka ngenxa yendawo ye-tumor, uma kukhona i-tumor esele ngemuva kokuhlinzwa, noma uma i-meningioma iphezulu. Izindlela zanamuhla zokwelashwa ngeradieysheni zingase zihlose ngokuqondile i-tumor ngenkathi zinciphisa ukonakala kwesicubu esiphilile sengqondo.

I-Stereotactic radiosurgery, naphezu kwegama layo, akuyona impela ukuhlinzwa kodwa iyindlela ehlangene kakhulu yokwelashwa ngeradieysheni. Isebenziseka kakhulu kuma-meningiomas amancane ezindaweni ezinzima ukufinyelela kuzo.

Imithi ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa ukuphatha izimpawu ezifana ne-seizures noma ukukhula kwengqondo, nakuba ayikho imithi ethile engase icindezele i-meningiomas. Ucwaningo lwe-therapies eziqondiswe luqhubeka futhi lubonisa ithemba lokuthi izinhlobo ezithile ze-meningiomas.

Indlela yokuphatha i-meningioma ekhaya?

Ukuphila ne-meningioma ngokuvamile kuhilela ukuphatha izimpawu nokugcina ikhwalithi yempilo yakho ngenkathi usebenza neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukulungiswa okulula kwesitayela sempilo kungenza umehluko omkhulu.

Uma uhlushwa i-seizures, kubalulekile ukulandela isimiso sakho semithi ngokuqondile njengoba kunqunyiwe futhi ugweme izinto ezibangela njengokulahlekelwa ubuthongo, utshwala oluningi, noma izibani ezikhazimulayo. Gcina idayari ye-seizure ukuze usize ukuqonda izibonelo futhi wabelane ngolwazi lwakho nodokotela wakho.

Ukuphatha izinhlungu zikhanda kungase kuhilele ukugcina idayari yezinhlungu zikhanda ukuze uqonde izinto ezibangela, ukugcina izindlela zokulala eziqondile, nokusebenzisa amasu okuphumula. Imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu eyenziwe ngaphandle kwelayisensi ingasiza, kodwa hlola nodokotela wakho ukuthi yiziphi eziphephile kuwe.

Ukusebenza ngokomzimba ngaphakathi kwemingcele yakho kungasiza ukugcina amandla nokwenza isimo sengqondo sibe ngcono. Ukuzivocavoca okulula njengokuhamba, ukuqubha, noma i-yoga ngokuvamile kuyatholakala, kodwa xoxa ngezinhlelo zakho zokuzivocavoca neqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo kuqala.

Ukuthola ukuphumula okwanele kubalulekile empilweni yengqondo futhi kungasiza ukunciphisa izimpawu ezifana nokuqeda amandla nezinkinga zokugxila. Hlose ukuthola amahora angu-7-9 wokulala ubusuku ngalunye futhi zama ukugcina isimiso sokulala esiqondile.

Cabanga ukujoyina iqembu lokusekela abantu abane-tumors yengqondo noma i-meningiomas. Ukuhlangana nabanye abantu abaqonda isipiliyoni sakho kungakunikeza ukusekelwa komzwelo nezeluleko ezisebenzayo zokuphila kwansuku zonke.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho kungakusiza ukuba wenze kakhulu isikhathi sakho nodokotela futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uthola ulwazi oludingayo. Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu zakho, ngisho noma zibonakala zingaxhunyanisiwe.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwemithi yakho, kufaka phakathi imithi eyenziwe ngaphandle kwelayisensi, izongezo, nama-vitamins. Futhi, butha noma yimaphi amarekhodi ezempilo wangaphambili, ikakhulukazi i-brain scans noma imibiko evela kwabanye odokotela obaye wabona ngezimpawu zakho.

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni omethembayo noma umngani e-appointment yakho. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olubalulekile futhi banikeze ukusekelwa komzwelo ngesikhathi esingase sibe yisikhathi esicindezelayo.

Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho. Izihloko ezibalulekile zingase zifake izinketho zokwelapha, imiphumela emibi, i-prognosis, nokuthi isimo singase lithinte kanjani impilo yakho yansuku zonke.

Bhala ulwazi oluyinhloko ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi noma yikuphi ukuhlinzwa kwangaphambili, ukwelashwa ngeradieysheni, noma umlando womndeni we-tumors yengqondo. Lolu lwazi lwesizinda lungase lube lubalulekile ekulinganisweni lodokotela wakho.

Yini okufanele uyikhumbule nge-meningioma?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi i-meningiomas ngokuvamile iyiz-tumors ezikhula kancane, ezingenayo i-cancer, ezineziphumo ezinhle zokwelashwa. Nakuba ukwamukela noma yiluphi uhlobo lwe-tumor yengqondo kungase kube okwesabisayo, abantu abaningi abane-meningiomas baqhubeka bephila impilo evamile, enempilo.

Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa okufanele kuyizona ezibalulekile ekutholeni imiphumela emihle kakhulu. Uma uhlushwa izimpawu ezihlala njalo ezifana nezinhlungu zikhanda, i-seizures, noma ukushintsha kwe-neurological, ungangabazi ukufuna ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha.

Izindlela zokwelapha ziye zaphucuka kakhulu eminyakeni eminingi, ngezinketho eziningi ezincane ezitholakalayo. Iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizo sebenza nawe ukuze lenze uhlelo lokwelapha olufanele isimo sakho nezinhloso zakho.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-meningioma akuchazi wena. Abantu abaningi baphatha kahle isimo sabo ngenkathi begcina imisebenzi yabo, ubudlelwano, nemisebenzi abayithandayo. Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele nokusekelwa, ungaqhubeka uphila impilo egcwele.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa nge-meningioma

Ingase ivinjelwe i-meningiomas?

Okwamanje, ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvimbela i-meningiomas ngoba izimo eziningi zenzeka ngaphandle kwanoma yisiphi isizathu esiqondiwe. Noma kunjalo, ukugwema ukukhishwa kweradieysheni okungadingekile ekhanda nokugcina impilo enhle yonke kungasiza ukunciphisa ingozi. Ukuhlolwa njalo kwezokwelapha kungasiza ukuthola noma yikuphi ukushintsha kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ingabe i-meningiomas ifuywe?

Iningi le-meningiomas aliyona ifuywe futhi livela ngokungahleliwe ngaphandle kokuxhumana komndeni. Ingxenye encane kuphela ehlotshaniswa nezimpawu zofuzo ezifana ne-neurofibromatosis type 2. Uma unemlando womndeni we-tumors yengqondo, xoxa ngalokhu nodokotela wakho, kodwa khumbula ukuthi ingozi yakho isase ingase ibephansi.

I-Meningiomas ikhula ngokushesha kangakanani?

Iningi le-meningiomas likhula kancane kakhulu, ngokuvamile kuthatha iminyaka ukwanda ngobukhulu ngokuphawulekayo. I-Grade I meningiomas ngokuvamile ikhula ngesivinini esingu-1-2 millimeters ngonyaka, kuyilapho ama-tumors aphezulu angase akhule ngokushesha. Lokhu kukhula kancane kungesinye sezizathu zokuthi kungani i-meningiomas eminingi ingalawulwa ngokuphepha kunokuba iwelashwe ngokushesha.

Ingabe i-meningiomas ingabuya ngemuva kokwelashwa?

I-Meningiomas ingabuya ngemuva kokwelashwa, nakuba lokhu kuvame kakhulu kuma-tumors aphezulu noma izimo lapho i-tumor yonke ingasuswa ngokuphepha. I-Grade I meningiomas inezinga eliphansi lokubuyela, ikakhulukazi uma isusiwe ngokuphelele ngokuhlinzwa. Ukulandelela njalo i-scans kusiza ukuthola noma yikuphi ukubuyela kwangaphambi kwesikhathi.

Ngizokwazi yini ukuqhuba nge-meningioma?

Amandla akho okuqhuba kuncike ezimpawu zakho nokwelashwa. Uma ube ne-seizures, izifundazwe eziningi zidinga isikhathi esingapheli i-seizures ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke uphinde uqhube. Ezinye izimpawu ezifana nokushintsha kokubona noma izinkinga zokuxhumanisa zingase zithinte ukuphepha kokushayela. Xoxa ngokumisa ukushayela nodokotela wakho, njengoba kungase kuhluke kuye ngesimo sakho nesimiso sendawo.