Umesothelioma yini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

Umesothelioma uhlobo lwesifo somdlavuza oluyimfihlo kodwa oluyingozi olukhula ebukhweni obunqamile bethishu elibizwa ngokuthi i-mesothelium, ehlanganisa amaphaphu akho, udonga lwesibeletho, isisu, nenhliziyo. Lo mdlavuza cishe uhlala uxhumekile ekudalweni kwe-asbestos, nakuba izimpawu zingase zingabonakali amashumi eminyaka ngemva kokuxhumana kokuqala.

Nakuba ukwamukela ukuxilongwa kwe-mesothelioma kungase kuzwakale kukhulu, ukuqonda lesi simo kungakusiza wenze izinqumo ezicacile mayelana nokukhathalelwa kwakho. Amathuba okwelapha aqhubeka eyenyuka, futhi abantu abaningi bathola izindlela ezibalulekile zokulawula izimpawu zabo nokugcina ikhwalithi yokuphila.

Umesothelioma yini?

Umesothelioma uvela lapho amaseli e-mesothelium eba yingxube kanye nokukhula ngokungapheli. I-mesothelium iyimembrane evikela evelisa i-fluid yokugcoba, evumela izitho zakho ukuthi zihambe ngokukhululekile ngokumelene komunye lapho uphefumula noma inhliziyo yakho ishaya.

Lo mdlavuza ngokuvamile ukhula kancane eminyakeni eminingi. Izimo eziningi zitholakala kubantu abasebenze noma baseduze nezinto ze-asbestos amashumi eminyaka ngaphambili. Lesi sifo singathinta izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba wakho kuye ngokuthi amaseli omdlavuza aqala ukukhula kuphi.

Nakuba i-mesothelioma ibhekwa njengento eyiyimfihlo, ithinta abantu abacishe babe ngu-3,000 minyaka yonke e-United States, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi icala ngalinye lihlukile. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokusebenza nawe ukuqonda isimo sakho esithile nokudala uhlelo lokwelapha oluqondene nawe.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-Mesothelioma?

Umesothelioma uhlukaniswe ngokusekelwe lapho ukhula khona emzimbeni wakho. Ukuqonda uhlobo olulokho kusiza iqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuhlela indlela yokwelapha ephumelelayo kakhulu.

I-pleural mesothelioma yiyona ndlela evamile, emele cishe u-75% wazo zonke izimo. Lolo hlobo luthinta i-pleura, ithishu ezungezile amaphaphu akho. Ungase uhlangabezane nobuhlungu besifuba, ukuphefumula okunzima, noma ukukhokha okuqhubekayo njengezimpawu zokuqala.

I-Peritoneal mesothelioma ikhula e-peritoneum, ukugqoka komgodla wesisu lakho. Lokhu kumele cishe u-20% wezimo. Izimpawu zivame ukufaka ubuhlungu besisu, ukukhula, noma ukushintsha emikhweni yomathumbu.

Izinhlobo ezingavamile zifaka i-pericardial mesothelioma, ethinta ithishu ezungezile inhliziyo yakho, ne-testicular mesothelioma, evela ekugqokeni okuzungezile ama-testicles. Lezi zinhlobo zimfihlo kakhulu kodwa zidinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile lapho zenzeka.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-Mesothelioma?

Izimpawu ze-mesothelioma zivame ukukhula kancane futhi zingase ziphoswe njengezimo ezingathi sína. Lokhu kuqondakala ngokuphelele, njengoba izimpawu zokuqala zingase zibonakale njengezinkinga zempilo evamile osele uzibonile ngaphambili.

Nge-pleural mesothelioma, ungase uqaphele:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba obuqhubekayo obungaphuli ngokuphumula
• Ukuphefumula okunzima, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi semisebenzi eyake ibe lula
• Ukukhokha okwomile, okuqhubekayo okungase kube kubi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukukhathala okungavamile noma ubuthakathaka
• Ukwehla kwesisindo okungalindelekile
• Ukukhuluphala noma ubunzima bokuginya
• Ukukhula ebusweni noma ezandleni

Izimpawu ze-peritoneal mesothelioma zifaka:

• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ubuhlungu
• Ukukhula esiswini sakho
• Ukushintsha emikhweni yomathumbu
• Ukuphefumula noma ukwehla kwesifiso sokudla
• Ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki

Lezi zimpawu zingase zikhule kancane ezinyangeni noma ngisho neminyaka. Abantu abaningi ekuqaleni bayazibiza ngokuguga noma ezinye izimo zempilo, okuyinto evamile ngokuphelele. Okubalulekile ukunaka lapho izimpawu ziqhubeka noma zibe zimbi kancane kancane.

Ziyini Izimbangela ze-Mesothelioma?

Ukudalwa kwe-asbestos yiyona imbangela ephambili ye-mesothelioma, ephumelela cishe u-80% wazo zonke izimo. I-asbestos iyiminerali evela ngokwemvelo eyayisetshenziswa kakhulu ekwakheni, ekwakheni izikebhe, nasekwenzeni izinto kuze kube ngawo-1980 ngenxa yezimfanelo zayo ezingalwi nokushisa.

Lapho ama-fiber e-asbestos eba emoyeni, ungawahefumula noma uwagwinye ngaphandle kokukwazi. Lezi zinto ezincane kakhulu zingase zifike e-mesothelium yakho, lapho zihlala khona amashumi eminyaka. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, zibangela ukuvuvukala nokwenzakala kwamaseli okugcina kuholela kumdlavuza.

Imithombo evamile yokudalwa kwe-asbestos ifaka:

• Umsebenzi wokwakha, ikakhulukazi ezakhiweni ezindala
• Umsebenzi we-shipyard kanye nenkonzo yasezulwini
• Ukulungisa izimoto okuhilela ama-brake pads noma ama-clutches
• Imisebenzi yokukhiqiza ezemboni ezisebenzisa i-asbestos
• Iphrojekthi yokulungisa ikhaya emakhaya akhiwe ngaphambi kuka-1980

Ukudalwa okwesibili kungase kwenzeke lapho amalungu omndeni exhumana nama-fiber e-asbestos asilethwe ekhaya ezingutsheni zomsebenzi noma emishini. Ngisho nokudalwa okufushane kungase kuholele e-mesothelioma, nakuba ukudalwa okude noma okukhulu kukhulisa ingozi.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, i-mesothelioma ingase ikhule ngaphandle kokudalwa kwe-asbestos okuzwiwe. Abaphenyi abathile bahlola ukuthi izici ezithile ze-genetic, ezinye izinto ze-mineral, noma ukudalwa kwe-radiation kungase kuhlanganyele kulezi zimo.

Nini ukubona udokotela nge-Mesothelioma?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma unezimpawu eziqhubekayo ezikukhathazayo, ikakhulukazi uma unembali yokudalwa kwe-asbestos. Ukubheka okuqala kungasiza ekutholeni imbangela yezimpawu zakho nokuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukunakekelwa okufanele.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu:

• Ubuhlungu besifuba obungaphuli nge-over-the-counter pain relievers
• Ukuphefumula okunzima okuhlanganisa nemisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Ukukhokha okuqhubeka amasonto ambalwa
• Ukukhula okungachazeki noma ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukwehla kwesisindo okukhulu, okungacabangiwe

Ungakhathazeki ngokuthi izimpawu zakho “zibaluleke kangakanani” ngokuvakashela udokotela. Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo angathanda ukubheka izimpawu eziphuma zibe yizinto ezingezona ezingozi kunokushiya into edinga ukunakekelwa. Ukuba ngumuntu ophambili ngempilo yakho kuhlala kuyisinqumo esifanele.

Uma wazi ukuthi ukhombiswe i-asbestos esikhathini esidlule, khuluma lokhu nodokotela wakho ngisho noma ungenawo izimpawu. Bangase bancoma ukuqapha okuqhubekayo ukuthola noma yiziphi izinkinga ezingase zenzeke ekuqaleni.

Ziyini izici ezingozi ze-Mesothelioma?

Ukuqonda izici ezingozi kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuhlola amathuba akho okukhula kwe-mesothelioma. Ukuba nezici ezingozi akusho ukuthi uzokhula ngokuqinisekile lesi sifo, kodwa ukwazi kungase luqondise izinqumo ezibalulekile zempilo.

Izici ezingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu zifaka:

• Ukudalwa kwe-asbestos ngqo ngomsebenzi noma inkonzo yempi
• Ukudalwa kwe-asbestos okwesibili kulamalungu omndeni
• Iminyaka engaphezu kuka-65, njengoba izimpawu zivame ukuvela amashumi eminyaka ngemva kokudalwa
• Ubulili besilisa, cishe ngenxa yamathuba aphezulu okudalwa kwe-asbestos emsebenzini
• Ukuphila eduze kwemithombo yemvelo ye-asbestos noma izindawo ezingcolile

Ezinye izici zingase zikhulise ingozi yakho ezimweni ezingavamile:

• Ukwelashwa kwe-radiation kwangaphambili esifubeni noma esiswini
• Ukuguqulwa kwe-genetic okuthinta ukulungiswa kwe-DNA
• Ukudalwa kwe-erionite, iminerali efana ne-asbestos
• Ukutheleleka kwe-Simian virus 40 (SV40), nakuba lobu buhlobo buqhubeka buhlolwa

Abantu abaningi abanezici ezingozi abakhuleli i-mesothelioma. Noma kunjalo, uma unezici ezingozi ezinkulu, ukuxoxa nazo nodokotela wakho kungasiza ekuqondeni ukuthi noma yikuphi ukuqapha noma izinyathelo zokuvimbela kungaba usizo esimweni sakho.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ze-Mesothelioma?

Umesothelioma ungase uholele ezinhlanganisela ezahlukene njengoba uqhubeka, kodwa ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zenzeke kusiza wena neqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukulungiselela nokusebenza ngokuphumelelayo. Izinkinga eziningi zingaphathwa ngokwelashwa okufanele nokukhathalelwa okusekela.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile zingafaka:

• I-pleural effusion, lapho i-fluid ikhula khona eduze namaphaphu akho, ibangele ukuphefumula okunzima
• Ubuhlungu besifuba obukhulu noma obuvamile
• Izinkinga zokuphefumula ezikhawulela imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke
• Ukuvimbela kwamathumbu uma umdlavuza uthinta indawo yesisu lakho
• Ama-blood clots, angaba yingozi kodwa aphatheka lapho etholakala ekuqaleni

Izinhlanganisela ezingavamile kodwa ezingozi kakhulu zifaka:

• I-Superior vena cava syndrome, lapho umthambo omkhulu ucindezelwa khona
• I-Cardiac tamponade, uma i-fluid iqokelela eduze kwenhliziyo
• Ukwehla kwesisindo okukhulu nobuthakathaka
• Ukubhebhetheka kwezinye izitho noma izingxenye ezikude zomzimba

Iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokuqapha ngokucophelela izimpawu zezinhlanganisela futhi ngokuvamile lingazivimbela noma lizithole ngokuphumelelayo lapho zitholakala ekuqaleni. Unganqikazi ukubika izimpawu ezintsha noma ezimbi, njengoba ukunakekelwa okusheshayo kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekulawuleni lezi zinselele.

Umesothelioma uxilongwa kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-mesothelioma ngokuvamile kuhilela izinyathelo eziningi, njengoba odokotela kudingeka ukuthi baphose ezinye izimo futhi baqinisekise uhlobo oluthile lomdlavuza. Lo mkhuba ungathatha isikhathi esithile, kodwa ukubheka okuhle kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nokwelashwa okufanele.

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngombhalo wembali yezokwelapha nevivinyo lomzimba. Bazokubuzisa nganoma yikuphi ukudalwa kwe-asbestos, ngisho noma kwenzeke amashumi eminyaka edlule. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile ngoba lusiza ukuqondisa ukuhlolwa nokuhlolwa okuqhubekayo.

Izivivinyo ze-imaging ngokuvamile yisinyathelo esilandelayo futhi zingafaka:

• I-Chest X-rays ukubuka ukwakheka kwe-fluid noma ama-masses angavamile
• I-CT scans yezithombe eziningiliziwe zesifuba sakho noma isisu
• I-MRI scans ukubona kangcono ithishu ezinwebeka
• I-PET scans ukuthola izindawo zokukhula kweselula

Uma i-imaging iphakamisa i-mesothelioma, udokotela wakho uzodinga amasampula ethishu ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa. Lokhu kungase kuhilele i-needle biopsy, lapho isampula encane isuswa khona usebenzisa i-needle encane, noma i-surgical biopsy yama-tissue samples amakhulu.

Izivivinyo zegazi zingase zenziwe ukuhlola amaprotheni athile angase aphakame kubantu abane-mesothelioma. Nakuba lezi zivivinyo zingakwazi ukuxilonga isifo sodwa, zinikeza ulwazi oluwusizo olwengeziwe.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-Mesothelioma?

Ukwelashwa kwe-mesothelioma kuqondene nomuntu ngamunye ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni nasezingeni lomdlavuza wakho, impilo yakho yonke, kanye nezifiso zakho siqu. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokusebenza nawe ukwakha uhlelo oluphelele oluqondile ekulawuleni isifo nokugcina ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho.

Ukuhlinzwa kungase kube yilona thuba uma umdlavuza utholakala ekuqaleni futhi awukaxhumani kakhulu. Izindlela zokuhlinzwa zingafaka ukususa ingxenye yethishu ethintekile, ukususa ukwakheka kwe-fluid, noma kwezinye izimo, imisebenzi eminingi yokususa izindawo ezinkulu zethishu egulayo.

I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa imithi okuqondiswe kumaseli omdlavuza emzimbeni wakho wonke. Ama-chemotherapy regimens ajwayelekile avame ukuba akhuthazeke kakhulu kunangaphambili, futhi iqembu lakho lizokusebenza ukulawula noma yiziphi izingozi ezingase uzibhekane nazo.

I-Radiation therapy iqondisa ama-beams aphezulu amandla ezindaweni ezithile ukubhubhisa amaseli omdlavuza. Lokhu kwelashwa kungasiza ekulawuleni ukukhula komdlavuza wendawo futhi kungase kunikeze ukukhululeka ebuhlungwini.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha zifaka:

• I-Immunotherapy, esiza isimiso sakho sokuvikela ukulwa nomdlavuza
• I-Targeted therapy, ukusebenzisa imithi ehlanganyela nezici ezithile zamaseli omdlavuza
• I-Photodynamic therapy, ehlanganisa imithi ezwela ukukhanya nokukhanya okukhethekile
• Izivivinyo zeklinikhi ezinikeza ukufinyelela ekwelapheni okuvivinywayo

Ukukhathalelwa kwe-Palliative kugxile ekuqedeni izimpawu nokwenza kube lula ukuphila phakathi nohambo lwakho lokwelashwa. Lokhu kukhathalelwa okusekela kungasetshenziswa kanye nokwelashwa okuphulukisayo futhi kusiza ekwelapheni ubuhlungu, ukuphefumula okunzima, nezinye izinselele ongahlangabezana nazo.

Ukwelashwa ekhaya ngesikhathi se-Mesothelioma kunjani?

Ukulawula i-mesothelioma ekhaya kuhilela ukudala indawo yokusekela ekusiza ukugcina ukududuzeka kanye nekhalithi yokuphila phakathi kokubonisana kwezokwelapha. Ukulungiswa okuncane kwansuku zonke kungenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni ozizwa ngayo.

Gxilisa ukuphefumula okulula ngokusebenzisa amapilishi engeziwe ukukukhuthaza ngenkathi ulele noma uphumule. I-humidifier ingasiza ukugcina izindlela zakho zokuphefumula zimanzi, futhi ukuzivocavoca kokuphefumula okulula kungasiza ekuqondeni umsebenzi wamaphaphu. Uma uhlangabezana nokuphefumula okunzima, ukulinganisela imisebenzi yakho usuku lonke kungasiza ekuqondeni amandla.

Ukusekela kokudla kubalulekile ngisho noma isifiso sakho sokudla sithinteka. Zama ukudla ukudla okuncane, okuvamile esikhundleni sezintathu ezinkulu. Ukudla okuthambile, okulula ukuliginya kungase kube kukhangayo lapho ungazweli kahle. Ukugcina umzimba uthambile kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ukulawula ubuhlungu ekhaya kungafaka:

• Ukuthatha imithi eyalwe ngokuqondile njengoba kuyalwe
• Ukusebenzisa ukushisa noma ukwelashwa okubandayo ukuze kududuze
• Ukuzivocavoca okulula noma ukuzivocavoca okulula njengoba kuvunyelwe udokotela wakho
• Amathuba okuphumula njengokuphefumula okujulile noma ukuzindla
• Ukugcina isimiso sokulala esijwayelekile uma kungenzeka

Unganqikazi ukucela usizo emindenini nabangane ngemisebenzi yansuku zonke. Ukwamukela ukusekelwa kukuvumela ukuthi ugxile amandla akho ekuphileni nokusebenzisa isikhathi semisebenzi ebalulekile kuwe.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-aphoyintimenti yakho yokuya kudokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho yokuya kudokotela kungakusiza wenze kakhulu isikhathi sakho sokuhlangana ndawonye nokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izinkinga zakho zixazululwe. Ukulungiselela okuncane kunganciphisa ukukhathazeka nokukusiza uzizwe ulawula kakhulu isipiliyoni sakho sokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Ngaphambi kokuvakashela kwakho, bhala izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Qaphela noma yiziphi izinto ezenza izimpawu zibe ngcono noma zimbi, njengemisebenzi, izikhundla, noma izikhathi zosuku.

Buka ulwazi olubalulekile ukuhlanganyela:

• Uhlu oluphelele lwemithi yamanje, kufaka phakathi izongezo
• Imininingwane mayelana nanoma yikuphi ukudalwa kwe-asbestos, kufaka phakathi imisebenzi, inkonzo yempi, noma ukulungiswa kwekhaya
• Umbhalo wembali yomndeni, ikakhulukazi noma yimiphi imidlavuza
• Amarekhodi ezokwelapha wangaphambili, imiphumela yokuhlolwa, noma izifundo ze-imaging
• Ulwazi loku-inshorensi namafomu okubhekisela uma kudingeka

Lungiselela imibuzo yakho kusengaphambili. Cabanga ukubuza ngezinketho zokwelapha, ukuthi yini okulindelekile, indlela yokulawula izimpawu, nanoma yikuphi ukuguqulwa kwesitayela sokuphila okungasiza. Ungakhathazeki ngokuba nemibuzo eminingi kakhulu – iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lifuna ukubhekana nezinkinga zakho.

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni omethembayo noma umngani e-aphoyintimenti yakho. Bangase banikeze ukusekelwa ngokomzwelo, bakusize ukukhumbula ulwazi, nokukusiza ekubuziseni imibuzo ongazihlanganisi ngaleso sikhathi.

Yini okubaluleke kakhulu mayelana ne-Mesothelioma?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyiqonde mayelana ne-mesothelioma ukuthi nakuba kuyisimo esinzima, awuwedwa ekuhlanganyeleni naso. Ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha kuqhubeka kuthuthuka, futhi kunezindlela eziningi zokugcina ikhwalithi yokuphila ngenkathi ulawula lesi simo.

Ukutholakala ekuqaleni nokwelashwa okusheshayo kungenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni. Uma unezimpawu ezikukhathazayo, ikakhulukazi ngombhalo wokudalwa kwe-asbestos, ungalibeki ukufuna ukubheka kwezokwelapha. Iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo yilona liqembu lakho elikhulu kulolu hambo.

Khumbula ukuthi isipiliyoni somuntu ngamunye se-mesothelioma sihlukile. Okusebenza komunye umuntu kungase kuhluke komunye, futhi lokho kuyinto evamile ngokuphelele. Gxila ekusebenzeni eduze neqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuthola indlela efanele isimo sakho esithile.

Ukukhathalela impilo yakho yomzwelo neyangqondo kubaluleke kakhulu njengokubhekana nezingxenye zomzimba zesifo. Unganqikazi ukufuna ukusekelwa kubacebisi, amaqembu okusekela, noma abathandekayo lapho ulikudinga.

Imibuzo Evamile Ebuzwayo Mayelana ne-Mesothelioma

Umuntu angaphila isikhathi esingakanani ene-mesothelioma?

Isikhathi sokuphila sihluka kakhulu kuye ngezinto ezifana nohlobo nesezinga le-mesothelioma, impilo yakho yonke, nokuthi uphendula kanjani ekwelapheni. Abanye abantu baphila izinyanga, kanti abanye baphila iminyaka eminingi noma ngaphezulu. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha linganikeza ulwazi oluqondene nomuntu ngamunye ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho esithile.

Ingabe i-mesothelioma ihlala ibulawa?

I-mesothelioma yisifo esinzima somdlavuza, kodwa amanani okusinda aqhubeka eyenyuka ngokwelashwa okusha. Nakuba ngokuvamile kubhekwa njengomdlavuza onamandla, abanye abantu baphila isikhathi eside kakhulu kunokulindelekile ekuqaleni, ikakhulukazi lapho isifo sitholakala ekuqaleni futhi silashwa ngokushesha.

Ingabe i-mesothelioma ingavikeleka?

Ukuvimbela okuhle kakhulu ukugwema ukudalwa kwe-asbestos. Uma usebenza embonini lapho i-asbestos ingase ikhona khona, landela zonke izinqubo zokuphepha kufaka phakathi ukugqoka imishini evikela. Uma ulungisa ikhaya elidala, lihlolwe i-asbestos ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi.

Ngingayithola ngokuqinisekile i-mesothelioma uma ngikhombiswe i-asbestos?

Cha, abantu abaningi abakhombiswe i-asbestos abakhuleli i-mesothelioma. Nakuba ukudalwa kwe-asbestos kuyona nto ephambili eyingozi, ezinye izinto eziningi zithinta ukuthi umuntu ukhula yini lesi sifo. Uma ukhathazekile ngokudalwa kwesikhathi esidlule, xoxa ngezinketho zokuqapha nodokotela wakho.

Ingabe kunezinto zokusekela ezikhona kubantu abane-mesothelioma?

Yebo, kunezinto eziningi ezikhona kufaka phakathi izinhlangano zokusekela iziguli, amaqembu okusekela, izinhlelo zokusiza ngezimali, kanye nezinsizakalo zokwelapha. Iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lingakuxhumanisa nezinto ezifanele, futhi eziningi zitholakala ku-inthanethi noma ngocingo uma ungakwazi ukuya ngokomuntu siqu.