Ukuvalelwa kwe-Mitral Valve? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ukuvalelwa kwe-mitral valve kwenzeka lapho i-mitral valve enhliziyweni yakho ihlala incinci futhi iqine, okwenza kube nzima ukuthi igazi ligeleze kusuka e-atrium yakho elingakwesobunxele liye e-ventricle yakho elingakwesobunxele. Cabanga ngalo njengomnyango ongaphumeleli ukuvula ngokuphelele - inhliziyo yakho kufanele isebenze kanzima kakhulu ukuze iphonse igazi ngalolu vulekile olucinyiwe.

Lesi simo sithuthuka kancane kancane eminyakeni eminingi, ngokuvamile ungaqapheli ekuqaleni. Nakuba kuzwakala kukhulu, futhi kungaba njalo, abantu abaningi baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngokunakekelwa komtholampilo okufanele nokubhekwa.

Iyini i-Mitral Valve Stenosis?

I-mitral valve yakho ihlala phakathi kwamakamelo amabili ngakwesobunxele senhliziyo yakho. Ngokuvamile, le valve ivula kabanzi ukuvumela igazi elicebile nge-oksijini ligeleze kusuka e-atrium yakho elingakwesobunxele liye e-ventricle yakho elingakwesobunxele, bese livala ngokuqinile ukuvimbela igazi ukuthi lingabuyi emuva.

Uma une-mitral valve stenosis, ama-leaflets e-valve aba qinile, aqinile, noma ahlanganiswe ndawonye. Lokhu kudala ukuvula okuncane okuvimba ukugeleza kwegazi. Inhliziyo yakho iyalungisa ngokusebenza kanzima, kodwa ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo msebenzi owengeziwe ungabangela ukuphazamiseka.

Lesi simo sithinta cishe umuntu omunye ku-100,000 kubantu basemazweni athuthukile, nakuba kuvamile ezindaweni lapho isifo se-rheumatic fever sisatholwa khona njalo. Abantu abaningi bathola izimpawu kancane kancane, yingakho ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi ngokuhlolwa okuvamile kungaba usizo kangaka.

Ziyini Izimpawu ze-Mitral Valve Stenosis?

Abantu abaningi abane-mitral valve stenosis ephansi abanawo noma yiziphi izimpawu iminyaka noma ngisho nemashumi eminyaka. Uma izimpawu zivele, ngokuvamile zithuthuka kancane njengoba ukuvula kwe-valve kuhlala kuncipha.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongazibona zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqina komoya, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba noma uma ulele phansi
• Ukukhathala okubonakala kungaphezu kwaleyo nto oyenzayo
• Ubuhlungu noma ukucindezeleka esifubeni
• Ukushona kwenhliziyo noma ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile
• Ukukhungatheka noma ukukhanya ekhanda
• Ukuvuvukala ezinyaweni, ezinkulwini, noma emilenzeni
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile komphefumulo

Abanye abantu nabo baye bathole ukukhokha okuqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi uma belele, noma bangakhokha i-sputum ebomvu legazi. Lezi zimpawu zenzeka ngoba igazi lingabuya emaphashini uma i-mitral valve ingavuli kahle.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, ungase uqaphele izindebe zakho noma iinzipho zakho zithatha umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, lokhu kwenzeka uma igazi lakho lingathwali i-oksijini eyanele. Uma uhlangabezana nalokhu, kubalulekile ukufuna ukunakekelwa komtholampilo ngokushesha.

Ziyini Izimbangela ze-Mitral Valve Stenosis?

Imbangela evamile kakhulu ye-mitral valve stenosis yisifo senhliziyo se-rheumatic, esithuthuka njengokuphazamiseka kwe-rheumatic fever. Lesi simo ngokuvamile senzeka eminyakeni eyi-10 kuya kweyi-20 ngemuva kokutheleleka kwe-strep throat okungaphathwe okuholele e-rheumatic fever ebuntwaneni.

Ngesikhathi se-rheumatic fever, uhlelo lokulwa nezifo lomzimba wakho luhlasela ngephutha inyama yempilo yenhliziyo, kufaka phakathi i-mitral valve. Lokhu kubangela ukuvuvukala nokukhahlela okuyenza i-valve ibe qinile futhi iqine eminyakeni eminingi.

Ezinye izimbangela, nakuba zingavamile kakhulu, zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo okungokwemvelo okukhona kusukela ekuzalweni
• Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-calcium okwakha phezu kwe-valve ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Izimo zokulwa nezifo ezinjenge-lupus noma i-rheumatoid arthritis
• Imithi ethile, ikakhulukazi i-ergot alkaloids esetshenziswa ekwelapheni i-migraines
• Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla endaweni yesifuba
• I-infective endocarditis, ukutheleleka okukhulu kwenhliziyo

Emazweni athuthukile lapho i-rheumatic fever ingavamile khona, izinguquko zokuguga ziye zaba yimbangela evamile. Ngezinye izikhathi, ayikho imbangela ethile engabonakala, abagqirha abayibiza ngokuthi i-idiopathic mitral valve stenosis.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Ugqirha Nge-Mitral Valve Stenosis?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nokuqina komoya okuqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi uma kuya kubi noma kuhlupha imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke. Ungalindi uma unezinkinga zokuphefumula uma ulele phansi noma uma uvuka ebusuku ukhwaza umoya.

Funani ukunakekelwa komtholampilo ngokushesha uma uthola ubuhlungu esifubeni, ukukhungatheka okukhulu, ukuphelelwa yimfucumfucu, noma uqaphele izindebe zakho noma iinzipho zakho ziphenduka zibomvu. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa ukuthi isimo sakho siya kubi futhi sidinga ukuhlolwa okusheshayo.

Ngisho noma izimpawu zakho zibonakala zingenamandla, kufanele uzixoxe nodokotela wakho. Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokubhekwa kungasiza ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okufanele ngaphambi kokuthi isimo siqhubeke.

Uma unembali ye-rheumatic fever, ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwenhliziyo kubaluleke kakhulu, ngisho noma uzizwa uphilile ngokuphelele. Udokotela wakho angathola izinguquko enhliziyweni yakho ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zivele.

Ziyini Izici Zengozi ze-Mitral Valve Stenosis?

Ukuqonda izici zakho zengozi kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuthi niqaphele izimpawu zokuqala ze-mitral valve stenosis. Ezinye izici ongazithinta, kanti ezinye azikho ngaphansi kolawulo lwakho.

Izici eziyinhloko zengozi zihlanganisa:

• Umbali we-rheumatic fever, ikakhulukazi uma ungaphathwanga
• Iminyaka engaphezu kwe-65, njengoba izinguquko ze-valve zingaba khona ngokuhamba kwesikhathi
• Ukuzalwa ezindaweni lapho i-rheumatic fever isatholwa khona njalo
• Umbali womndeni wesifo se-valve noma ukuphazamiseka kwenhliziyo okungokwemvelo
• Izimo zokulwa nezifo ezinjenge-lupus noma i-rheumatoid arthritis
• Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla kwangaphambili esifubeni
• I-Chronic kidney disease edinga i-dialysis

Abesifazane bathambekele ekukhuleni kwe-mitral valve stenosis kakhulu kunamadoda, ikakhulukazi labo abane-rheumatic fever. Ukukhulelwa kungabenza babe sibi kakhulu i-mitral valve stenosis esele ikhona ngenxa yokwanda kwegazi nokufuna kwenhliziyo.

Nakuba ungakwazi ukushintsha iminyaka yakho, ubulili, noma imbali yakho yezokwelapha, unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokwelapha ngokushesha ukutheleleka kwe-strep throat nokugcina impilo enhle yenhliziyo ngokuzivocavoca okuvamile nokudla okunempilo.

Ziyini Ukuphazamiseka Okungenzeka kwe-Mitral Valve Stenosis?

Uma i-mitral valve stenosis iqhubeka ngaphandle kokwelashwa, ukuphazamiseka okuningi kungathuthuka njengoba inhliziyo yakho iluma ukuphonsa igazi ngokuphumelelayo. Lokhu kuphazamiseka ngokuvamile kuthuthuka kancane kancane, yingakho ukubhekwa okuvamile kubaluleke kangaka.

Ukuphazamiseka okuvamile kuhlanganisa:

• I-Atrial fibrillation, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile okwandisa ingozi yesifo sohlangothi
• Ukwehluleka kwenhliziyo, lapho inhliziyo yakho ingakwazi ukuphonsa igazi ngokuphumelelayo
• I-Pulmonary hypertension, ukucindezeleka kwegazi okuphezulu emithanjeni ye-lung
• Ama-blood clots angahamba ebuchosheni bakho, abangele isifo sohlangothi
• I-Pulmonary edema, ukuhlanganiswa okubi kwezinto ezigeleza emaphashini
• I-Infective endocarditis, ukutheleleka okukhulu kwenhliziyo

Ezimeni ezinzima, ungase uthuthukise lokho abagqirha abakubiza ngokuthi "i-mitral facies" - ukubonakala kobuso obuqondile ngama-cheeks abomvu nama-lips aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka obubangelwa ukungabi kahle kokujikeleza. Abanye abantu nabo baye bathole ukukhokha ngenxa ye-atrium elingakwesobunxele elikhulu elicindezela inzwa yomculo.

Ngokungavamile, i-mitral valve stenosis enzima ingabangela ukufa kwenhliziyo ngokuzumayo, nakuba lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu kubantu abangazange bathole ukunakekelwa komtholampilo okufanele. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokwelashwa okufanele nokubhekwa, ukuphazamiseka okuningi kungavikeleka noma kuphathwe kahle.

I-Mitral Valve Stenosis Ihlonishwa Kanjani?

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokulalela inhliziyo yakho nge-stethoscope, ahlole i-heart murmur ehlukile ezwakala njengokugquma okuphansi. Le murmur ngokuvamile iyisibonakaliso sokuqala esiphakamisa i-mitral valve stenosis, ngisho nangaphambi kokuba uthole izimpawu.

Ivivinyo elibaluleke kakhulu lokuhlola yi-echocardiogram, esebenzisa amaza omsindo ukwenza izithombe ezihamba zenhliziyo yakho. Leli vi vinyo elingenani ubuhlungu libonisa ukuthi i-mitral valve yakho ivula futhi ivala kangcono kangakanani, lilinganisa usayizi wokuvula, futhi lilinganisa ukuthi inhliziyo yakho isebenza kanzima kangakanani.

Udokotela wakho angase futhi aphakamise amavivinyo engeziwe anjengokuthi:

• I-Chest X-ray ukuhlola ukukhula kwenhliziyo noma ukugcwala kwamaphaphu
• I-Electrocardiogram (ECG) ukuthola ukushaya kwenhliziyo okungavamile
• Ivivinyo lokucindezela komzimba ukubona ukuthi inhliziyo yakho iphendula kanjani emisebenzini yomzimba
• I-Cardiac catheterization ezimweni eziyinkimbinkimbi ukulinganisa ukucindezeleka ngokuqondile
• I-Transesophageal echocardiogram ukuze uthole izithombe ezicacile, ezinemininingwane

Izivivinyo zegazi zingasiza ekuqedeni ezinye izimo nokubheka izimpawu zokutheleleka noma ukuvuvukala. Uma uhlela ukuhlinzwa, amavivinyo engeziwe anjengezifundo zomsebenzi wamaphaphu angase adingeke ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ungumuntu ofanele.

Iyini Ukwelashwa kwe-Mitral Valve Stenosis?

Ukwelashwa kwe-mitral valve stenosis kuncike ekuthini isimo sakho sibubi kangakanani nokuthi uhlangabezana yini nezimpawu. Uma i-stenosis yakho iphansi futhi uzizwa uphilile, udokotela wakho angase aphakamise ukubhekwa okuvamile nge-echocardiograms eziphindaphindwayo.

Ezimeni ezinezimpawu noma ezinzima, izinketho zokwelapha zihlanganisa imithi, izinqubo, nokuhlinzwa. Iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo lizohlangana nawe ukuze linqume indlela engcono kakhulu ngokuya ngesimo sakho esithile nempilo yakho yonke.

Izinketho zemithi zigxile ekuphatheni izimpawu nokunciphisa ukuphazamiseka:

• Ama-Diuretics ukunciphisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezigeleza nokwenza kube lula ukuphefumula
• Ama-Beta-blockers ukunciphisa isivinini senhliziyo yakho nokuthuthukisa ukugeleza
• Ama-Blood thinners uma uthola i-atrial fibrillation
• Ama-Antibiotics ngaphambi kwezindlela zokwelapha amazinyo ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwenhliziyo
• I-Digoxin ukuqinisa ukushaya kwenhliziyo ekwehlulekeni kwenhliziyo

Uma imithi inganele, ukungenelela kwezindlela kuba yinto ebalulekile. I-Balloon valvuloplasty ihilela ukuthunga i-catheter enencam yebhaluni enhliziyweni yakho nokuyifutha ukuze ulule ukuvula i-valve. Le nketho engathinti kakhulu isebenza kahle kubantu abasebasha abane-valves ezithambile.

Izinketho zokwelapha zihlanganisa ukulungisa i-valve noma ukuyibuyisela. Udokotela wakho angase aphakamise ama-valves omishini ahlala isikhathi eside kodwa adinga ama-blood thinners okuphila konke, noma ama-valves e-biological asuka enyameni yesilwane angadingi ama-blood thinners kodwa angase adinge ukushintshwa ngokushesha.

Indlela Yokunakekela Wena Ngomuntu One-Mitral Valve Stenosis?

Ukunakekela wena ekhaya kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuphatheni i-mitral valve stenosis nokugcina ikhwalithi yakho yokuphila. Izinqumo ezincane zansuku zonke zingenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni ozizwa ngayo nendlela inhliziyo yakho esebenza ngayo.

Gxilisa ezinqumweni zokuphila ezempilo yenhliziyo ezisekela uhlelo lwakho lokugaya igazi. Dlala ukudla okunama-fruits, imifino, ama-grains aphelele, nama-proteins ahlanzekile ngenkathi ugcina i-sodium ukuze uvikele ukugcwala kwezinto ezigeleza futhi unciphise ukucindezela enhliziyweni yakho.

Hlala usebenza njengoba izimpawu zakho zivumela, kodwa lalela umzimba wakho. Ukuzivocavoca okulula njengokuhamba, ukubhukuda, noma ukugibela ibhayisikili okulula kungaqinisa inhliziyo yakho, kodwa gwema imisebenzi enzima ekwenza ube nomoya omfushane kakhulu. Xoxani ngezinhlelo zakho zokuzivocavoca nodokotela wakho.

Hlola izimpawu zakho ngokucophelela futhi ugcine umbhalo wanoma yiziphi izinguquko. Zilinganise usuku ngalunye futhi ubike ukwanda kwesisindo ngokuzumayo kudokotela wakho, njengoba lokhu kungabonisa ukugcwala kwezinto ezigeleza. Thatha imithi yakho ngokuqondile njengoba kulotshiwe, ngisho noma uzizwa uphilile.

Sebenzisa ukuhlanzeka okuhle kwamazinyo futhi uqondise bonke abahlinzeki bezempilo ngesimo sakho se-valve. Ungase udinga i-antibiotic prophylaxis ngaphambi kwezinye izindlela zokwelapha amazinyo noma zezokwelapha ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwenhliziyo.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Kokuhlangana Nodokotela Wakho?

Ukulungiselela ukuhlangana kwakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nomhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu zakho, ngisho nalapho kubonakala kungahlobene, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zibe zimbi.

Yenza uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke imithi, izithasiselo, namavithamini owaqaphela, kufaka phakathi imithamo. Letha noma yiziphi iziphumo zezivivinyo zangaphambili, ikakhulukazi i-echocardiograms noma ezinye izifundo zenhliziyo, uma ubona udokotela omusha.

Lungisa imibuzo okumele uyibuze iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo:

• I-Mitral valve stenosis yami ibibi kangakanani?
• Ziyini izimpawu engizibheka zona ezibonisa ukuba sibi?
• Kufanele ngibe nemihlangano yokulandelela nezivivinyo kangakanani?
• Ziyini imisebenzi ephephile kimi?
• Ndingadinga i-antibiotic prophylaxis yomsebenzi wamazinyo?
• Ngingase ngidinga nini ukuhlinzwa noma ezinye izinqubo?

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ukuze akusize ukukhumbula ulwazi oluqakathekile oluxoxwe ngesikhathi sokuhlangana. Unganqikazi ukucela incazelo uma kukhona okungacaci.

Iyini I-Key Takeaway Mayelana ne-Mitral Valve Stenosis?

I-Mitral valve stenosis yisimo esilawuleka uma sihlolwe futhi siphathwe kahle. Nakuba kungaba nzima uma kushiywe ngaphandle kokwelashwa, abantu abaningi abalesi simo baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngokunakekelwa komtholampilo okufanele nokuguqulwa kwesitayela sempilo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokubhekwa okuvamile kwenza umehluko omkhulu ezimpumelelweni. Uma unezici zengozi noma uthola izimpawu, unganqikazi ukuxoxa ngazo nodokotela wakho.

Ngezinketho zokwelapha zanamuhla, kufaka phakathi imithi nezinqubo zokwelapha eziphambili, umbono wabantu abane-mitral valve stenosis uqhubeka uthuthuka. Ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo nokudlala indima ephambili ekunakekelweni kwakho kukunika ithuba elihle kakhulu lokuba nempumelelo enhle.

Imibuzo Evamile Mayelana ne-Mitral Valve Stenosis

Ingaphiliswa ngokuphelele yini i-mitral valve stenosis?

I-Mitral valve stenosis ayikwazi "ukwelashwa" ngemithi, kodwa ingaphathwa kahle futhi ilungiswe ngezinqubo noma ukuhlinzwa. I-Balloon valvuloplasty ingathuthukisa kakhulu umsebenzi we-valve, kuyilapho ukulungisa i-valve noma ukuyibuyisela kungabuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi okujwayelekile. Ikhona into ebalulekile yokuthola ukwelashwa okufanele ngaphambi kokuba ukuphazamiseka kuthuthuke.

Kuphephile yini ukuzivocavoca uma ngine-mitral valve stenosis?

Ukuphepha kokuzivocavoca kuncike ekuthini isimo sakho sibubi kangakanani nezimpawu zakho. Abantu abane-stenosis ephansi ngokuvamile bangazivocavoca ngokujwayelekile, kuyilapho labo abane-stenosis ephakathi kuya enkulu bangase badinge ukulinganisela imisebenzi enkulu. I-cardiologist yakho ingenza i-exercise stress test ukuze ibone amazinga omsebenzi ophephile ngokukhethekile kuwe.

Umuntu angaphila isikhathi esingakanani nge-mitral valve stenosis engaphathwanga?

Ukuqhubeka kuyahluka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu. Abanye abantu abane-stenosis ephansi bangase bangadingi ukwelashwa, kuyilapho abanye abane-stenosis enzima bangase bathuthukise ukuphazamiseka okubulalayo phakathi nezinyanga uma kushiywe ngaphandle kokwelashwa. Uma izimpawu zithuthuka ku-stenosis enzima, ukuphila okuvamile ngaphandle kokwelashwa ngokuvamile kungama-2-5 iminyaka, yingakho ukunakekelwa komtholampilo okusheshayo kubaluleke kangaka.

Ngingadinga yini ama-blood thinners okuphila konke?

Akuwona wonke umuntu one-mitral valve stenosis odinga ama-blood thinners. Cishe uzowadinga uma uthola i-atrial fibrillation noma uma uthola ukushintshwa kwe-valve yomshini. Noma kunjalo, uma unokulungiswa kwe-valve noma ukushintshwa kwe-valve ye-biological ngaphandle kwe-atrial fibrillation, ama-blood thinners esikhathi eside angase angadingeki.

Ingawenza yini i-mitral valve stenosis ibe sibi ukukhulelwa?

Yebo, ukukhulelwa kungenza i-mitral valve stenosis ibe sibi ngenxa yokwanda kwegazi nokufuna kwenhliziyo. Abesifazane abane-stenosis ephakathi kuya enkulu kufanele baxoxe ngokuceba umndeni ne-cardiologist ngaphambi kokukhulelwa. Ngokubhekwa okufanele nokunakekelwa, abesifazane abaningi abane-stenosis ephansi bangaba nokukhulelwa okuvikelekile, kodwa ukubhekwa okuqondile komtholampilo kubalulekile.