Uthini i-Mixed Connective Tissue Disease? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) iyisimo esingajwayelekile sezifo ezibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle komzimba lapho umzimba uhlasela khona izicubu eziphilayo, okubangela ukuvuvukala ezingxenyeni eziningi zomzimba, kuhlanganise nemisipha, amajointy, isikhumba, nemiphunga.

Lesi simo sibizwa ngaleli gama ngoba sinazimpawu ezifanayo ne-lupus, i-scleroderma, ne-polymyositis ngesikhathi esisodwa. Nakuba lokhu kungase kuzwakale kukhulu, ukuqonda i-MCTD kungakusiza ukuthi uqaphele izimpawu ngokushesha bese usebenza neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuze lilawulwe kahle.

Uthini i-Mixed Connective Tissue Disease?

I-Mixed connective tissue disease iyisifo esibangelwa ukungasebenzi kahle komzimba lapho uhlelo lokuvikela lomzimba luzihlasela khona. Luhlose ngokukhethekile izicubu ezihlanganisa, ezingumqondo wokwakha umzimba ndawonye njengamajointy, imisipha, nezinye izitho.

Okwenza i-MCTD ibe yiyona kuphela ukuba khona kwama-antibodies athile abizwa ngama-anti-U1-RNP antibodies egazini lakho. La ma-antibodies asebenza njengophawu olusiza odokotela ukuhlukanisa i-MCTD kwezinye izimo ezifanayo. Lesi sifo saqala kuchazwa ngo-1972, okwenza kube yinto entsha ngokwezokwelapha.

I-MCTD ithonya abantu abacishe babe ngu-2 kuya ku-3 ngabantu abangu-100,000, okwenza kube yinto engavamile. Ivame ukubonakala kwabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-20 kuya kwengu-50, nakuba ingase ibonakale kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. Lesi simo sihlala sithuthuka kancane kancane, ngezimpawu ezivela ezinyangeni noma eminyakeni eminingi.

Zithini izimpawu ze-Mixed Connective Tissue Disease?

Izimpawu ze-MCTD zingase zihluke kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu ngoba ithonya izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba. Izimpawu zokuqala zivame ukubandakanya ubuhlungu bawomajointy, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, nezinguquko zesikhumba ezingase zibonakale zingahlobene ekuqaleni.

Nawa zimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Isimo se-Raynaud: Iminwe yakho nezinzwane ziyaba mhlophe, ziblue, noma zibomvu uma zidluliselwa ebandayo noma ecindezelekile
• Izandla eziqabukileyo: Izandla zakho zingabonakala zifile, ikakhulukazi ekuseni
• Ubuhlungu nokuqina kwamajozi: Ofana ne-arthritis, oluthinta amajozi amaningi
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha: Ikakhulukazi emagxalabeni akho, ezingalweni eziphezulu, ezinqeni, nasemadolweni
• Ukushintsha kwesikhumba: Izilonda ebusweni bakho, ezandleni, noma kwezinye izindawo
• Ukukhathala: Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo okungaphuli ngokuphumula
• Ukuphefumula okufushane: Ukuphefumula okunzima, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somsebenzi womzimba

Abanye abantu nabo baye bahlangabezana nezimpawu ezingavamile njengokunqamula ukugwinya, amehlo omile nomlomo, noma ukulahleka kweenwele. Ukuhlanganiswa nobukhulu bezimpawu kungashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngezinye izikhathi ezimbi kunezinye.

Yini ebangela i-Mixed Connective Tissue Disease?

Imbangela eqondile ye-MCTD isalwazi, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ivela ekuhlanganiseni kokuthambekela kwezakhiwo kanye nezici zemvelo. I-jini lakho aliyikubangela ngokuqondile isifo, kodwa lingakwenza ube sengozini enkulu yokuthuthukisa.

Izici eziningi zingase zinikezele ekubangeleni i-MCTD kubantu abathintekayo:

• Ukutheleleka yi-viral: Ama-virus athile afana ne-Epstein-Barr virus angase abangele impendulo ye-autoimmune
• Ubuthi bemvelo: Ukudalulwa othulini lwe-silica noma emakhemikhali athile
• Izici ze-hormonal: Ukwanda okuphezulu kwabesifazane kusikisela ukuthi ama-hormone angase adlale indima
• Izici ze-genetic: Abanye abaphawuli be-genetic bakhuphula ukuthambekela
• Ucindezeleko: Ucindezeleko lomzimba noma lwengqondo lungase lubangele ukukhanya kwezimpawu

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-MCTD ayithwali futhi awukwazi ukuyithola kwabanye. Lesi sifo sikhula lapho isimo sakho sokuvikela umzimba sidideka bese siqala ukuhlasela izicubu eziphilile okufanele sizivikele.

Nini kufanele ubona udokotela nge-Mixed Connective Tissue Disease?

Kufanele ubona udokotela uma uhlushwa izimpawu eziqhubekayo ezibonisa isimo sokuzimela komzimba, ikakhulukazi uma izimpawu eziningi zivela ndawonye. Ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokuphathwa kungasiza ukuvimbela izinkinga nokwenza impilo yakho ibe ngcono.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uqaphela lezi zibonakaliso zexwayiso:

• Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo bezingqondo nokuvuvukala okuphela amasonto amaningana
• I-Raynaud's phenomenon eqinile noma ephazamisa imisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Ubuthakathaka bemisipha obungachazeki obuthinta ikhono lakho lokwenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Iziphuzo zesikhumba ezingaphenduli ekwelapheni okungekho ngaphansi kokunakekelwa kwemithi
• Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo okulinganiselwe imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke
• Ubunzima bokuqeda umoya noma ubuhlungu esifubeni
• Izinkinga zokugwinya ukudla noma izinto eziphuzwayo

Uma uhlushwa ukuphelelwa umoya okukhulu ngokuzumayo, ubuhlungu esifubeni, noma izimpawu zezinkinga zezinso njengokuvuvukala ezinyaweni zakho noma ukushintsha ekushiseni, funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha kwezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha. Lokhu kungabonisa izinkinga ezinkulu ezidinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo.

Ziyini izici ezingozi ze-Mixed Connective Tissue Disease?

Nakuba noma ubani angathuthukisa i-MCTD, izici ezithile zingandisa amathuba akho okukhula kwalesi simo. Ukuqonda lezi zici ezingozi kungakusiza uhlale ulungile ezimpawu ezingaba khona futhi ufunane ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele.

Izici ezingozi eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• Ubulili: Abesifazane banethuba elingaphezulu kakhulu lokukhula i-MCTD kunamadoda, elingama-8 kuya kwangu-10.
• Ubudala: Ngokuvamile ihlonishwa phakathi kweminyaka engu-20 nengu-50.
• Umlando womndeni: Ukuba nezihlobo ezinazifo ezizimele zingase kukhulise ingozi.
• Ubuzwe: Ivame kakhulu kubantu abathile, kufaka phakathi ama-African American nama-Hispanic.
• Ezinye izimo ze-autoimmune: Ukuba nesifo esisodwa se-autoimmune kukhulise ingozi yezinye izifo.
• Ukuvezwa kwezinto ezingaphandle: Ukuvezwa ku-silica, amakhemikhali athile, noma ukutheleleka.

Ukuba nalezi zinto ezingozi akusho ukuthi uzokuthola ngokuqinisekile i-MCTD. Abantu abaningi abanazo izinto ezingozi eziningi abayitholi le simo, kanti abanye abanazo izinto ezingozi ezimbalwa bayithola. Lezi zinto zisiza odokotela ukuthi baqonde ukuthi ubani ongaqaphela kakhulu.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ze-Mixed Connective Tissue Disease?

I-MCTD ingathinta amandla nezinhlelo eziningi emzimbeni wakho, okungase kube yimbangela yezinhlanganisela ezinkulu uma ingalawulwa kahle. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokwelashwa okufanele nokulandelela, izinhlanganisela eziningi zingavikeleka noma zinciphisiwe.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile wena neqembu lakho lokunakekela impilo enizolandelela zihlanganisa:

• I-Pulmonary hypertension: Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu emaphashini olukhulu olukhulu ohlwini lwakho.
• Ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu: Ukwenzakala noma ukuvuvukala kwezicubu zamaphaphu okuthinta ukuphefumula.
• Izinkinga zenhliziyo: Ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yenhliziyo noma izicubu ezizungezile.
• Ukuhileleka kwesibindi: Nakuba kungavamile kunaku-lupus, izinkinga zesibindi zingase zenzeke.
• Ubuthakathaka obukhulu bemisipha: Ubuthakathaka obuqhubekayo obungathinta ukuhamba.
• Izinkinga zokugaya ukudla: Izinkinga zokugwinya noma ukuhamba kwesisu.

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezingathi sína zihlanganisa i-pulmonary hypertension eqatha, engaba yingozi uma ingatholakali futhi ingaphathwa ngokushesha. Kungakho ukulandelela njalo neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kubalulekile kakhulu ekutholeni izinkinga ngaphambi kokuba zibe zinkulu.

Utholakala kanjani ubuthi be-Mixed Connective Tissue Disease?

Ukutholakala kwe-MCTD kungaba inselele ngoba ineempawu ezifanayo nezinye izimo ze-autoimmune. Udokotela wakho uzosebenzisa ukuxuba kokuhlolwa komzimba, ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kanye nezinye izifundo zokwenza izithombe ukuze afinyelele ekuxilongweni.

Inkqubo yokuxilonga ivame ukubandakanya izinyathelo eziningi. Okokuqala, udokotela wakho uzothatha umlando wezokwelapha onemininingwane futhi enze ukuhlolwa komzimba, efuna izimpawu ezibonakalayo njengezandla eziqabukile, ukushintsha kwesikhumba, nobuthakathaka bemisipha.

Ukuhlolwa kwegazi kubalulekile ekuxilongweni futhi kuzoba yikho lokhu okulandelayo:

• Ama-anti-U1-RNP antibodies: Ukuhlolwa okubalulekile kwe-MCTD
• Ama-Antinuclear antibodies (ANA): Avame ukuba ngaphezulu ngendlela ebonakalayo
• Izimpawu zokuvuvukala: Ukuhlolwa njenge-ESR ne-CRP ukuqapha ukuvuvukala
• Ama-enzymes emisipha: Amazinga aphezulu angabonisa ukuvuvukala kwemisipha
• Ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele: Ukuhlola i-anemia noma ezinye izinkinga zegazi

Udokotela wakho angase futhi a-ode izifundo zokwenza izithombe njenge-X-rays yesifuba noma i-CT scans ukuhlola amaphaphu nomzimba wakho. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe njenge-pulmonary function tests noma i-echocardiograms kuyadingeka ukuhlola ukubandakanyeka kwezinye izitho.

Iyini impilo ye-Mixed Connective Tissue Disease?

Ukuphathwa kwe-MCTD kugxile ekulawuleni ukuvuvukala, ukuphatha izimpawu, nokuvimbela ukonakala kwezinye izitho. Njengoba lesi simo sithinta abantu abahlukene ngezindlela ezahlukene, uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa luzolungiswa ngokwezimpawu zakho nezidingo zakho.

Iqembu lakho lezeMpilo cishe lizosisebenzisa ukuxuba kwemithi kanye nezindlela zokuphila. Umgomo ukukusiza uzizwe kangcono ngesikhathi uvikelwa ezingxabanweni zesikhathi eside ezivela kuleyo gciwane.

Izindlela zokwelapha ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• I-Corticosteroids: I-Prednisone noma imithi efanayo yokunciphisa ukuvuvukala ngokushesha
• Imithi ecindezela isimiso somzimba: I-Methotrexate, i-azathioprine, noma i-mycophenolate ukuthula isimiso somzimba
• Imithi yokulwa ne-malaria: I-Hydroxychloroquine yezimpawu zesikhumba nezamalunga
• I-Biologics: Izindlela ezintsha eziqondiswe kubantu abanesimo esinzima
• Abaphambanisi bemiyalo ye-calcium: Nge-Raynaud's phenomenon
• Ukwelashwa komzimba: Ukuvikela amandla emisipha kanye nokuguquguquka kwamalunga

Ukwelashwa kuqala ngemithi ebuthakathaka bese kuya kwemithi enamandla uma kudingeka. Udokotela wakho uzokulandela eduze kokuthuthuka kwezimpawu kanye nemiphumela emibi evela emithini.

Ungayiphatha kanjani i-Mixed Connective Tissue Disease ekhaya?

Ukuphatha i-MCTD ekhaya kuhilela ukushintsha indlela yokuphila kanye neqhinga lokunakekela uqobo okusiza ekuthuthukiseni izimpawu nokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yempilo yakho. Lezi zindlela zisebenza kangcono uma zidibaniswe nokwelashwa kwakho kwezokwelapha okubhaliwe.

Nazi izinyathelo ezisebenzayo ongazithatha ukuze usize ukuphatha isimo sakho:

• Vivikela ekubandeni: Gqoka izihlangu ezifudumele nemisokozana ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa yi-Raynaud
• Zivocavoca njalo: Imisebenzi ezwelayo njokubhukuda noma ukuhamba kusiza ekuqinisweni kwamandla emisipha
• Thola ukuphumula okwanele: Zama ukuthola amahora angu-7-9 wokulala bese uthatha amaphuzu uma kudingeka
• Dla ukudla okulinganiselayo: Gxila ekudleni okulwa nokuvuvukala futhi ugcine isisindo esinempilo
• Lawula ukucindezeleka: Zama amasu okuphumula njengokucamngca noma ukuphefumula okujulile
• Gwema ukubhema: Ukubhema kubi kakhulu izinkinga zokujikeleza kwegazi nezinkinga zephunga
• Hlala uthambile: Phuza amanzi amaningi ukusiza ngokukhathala nempilo yonke

Ukuvikelwa elangeni kubalulekile futhi njengoba amanye ama-MCTD ama-medications angakwenza ube nomuzwa omningi ekukhanyeni kwelanga. Sebenzisa i-sunscreen, gqoka izingubo ezivikela, futhi ufinyelele ukukhanya kwelanga ngesikhathi sehora eliphezulu.

Ungayivimbela kanjani i-Mixed Connective Tissue Disease?

Okwamanje, asikho isindlela esaziwayo sokuvimbela i-MCTD njengoba imbangela eqondile ingacaci. Noma kunjalo, ungathatha izinyathelo zokunciphisa ingozi yokuqhuma nezinhlungu uma usuvele unalesi simo.

Nakuba ukuvimbela isifo sokuqala kungenakwenzeka, ungagxila ekuvimbeleni izinkinga nokuphatha izinto ezikhuthazayo. Ukugwema izinto ezikhuthazayo ezaziwayo njengokucindezeleka okukhulu, ukutheleleka, nokukhombisa imvelo ethile kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni ubukhulu bokuqhuma kwesimptome.

Ukuhlala unempilo enhle ngokuzivocavoca njalo, ukudla okunempilo, ukulala okwanele, nokuphatha ukucindezeleka kungasekele i-immune system yakho kanye nempilo yonke. Uma unembali yomndeni yama-autoimmune diseases, ukwazi izimpawu ezingaba khona kungasiza ekutholeni kwangaphambili nasekuphatheni.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani ukubona udokotela wakho?

Ukulungiselela kahle isikhathi sakho sokuya kudokotela kungakusiza uqiniseke ukuthi uthola okuningi ekuhambeleni kwakho futhi unikeze iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ulwazi olulidinga ukuze likusize ngokuphumelelayo.

Ngaphambi kokubonisana kwakho, bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi. Gcina idayari yezimpawu amasonto ambalwa uma kungenzeka, uqaphele izindlela ezimpawu zakho.

Letha lezi zinto ezibalulekile ekuhambeleni kwakho:

• Uhlu lwawo wonke amayeza, izithasiselo, namavithamini okuwasebenzisa njengamanje
• Umbiko ophelele wezokwelapha, kufaka phakathi ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili nokuhlinzwa
• Umbiko womlando womndeni wezifo zokuziphatha komzimba noma izifo zezicubu ezihlanganayo
• Uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho
• Nanoma yimiphi imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwangaphambili noma amarekhodi ezempilo
• Ulwazi lokutholakala kwemishuwalense kanye nokuhlonza

Cabanga ukuthi ulethe umngane othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni ukuze likusize ukukhumbula ulwazi oluxoxwe ngesikhathi sokubonisana. Unganqikazi ukubuza imibuzo noma ucele incazelo uma kukhona okungacaci.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu ngeSifo Sezicubu Ezihlanganisiwe?

I-Mixed connective tissue disease iyisimo sokuziphatha komzimba esilawuleka esithinta izinhlelo eziningi zomzimba. Nakuba kungabonakala kuyinqaba ekuqaleni, ukuqonda isimo sakho nokusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo kungakusiza ukuphila kahle ne-MCTD.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi i-MCTD ibathinta bonke ngokuhlukile, futhi uhlelo lwakho lokwelashwa kufanele lulungiswe ngokwezidingo zakho nezimpawu zakho. Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele, ukuguqulwa kwesitayela sempilo, nokuzikhulumela, abantu abaningi abane-MCTD baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo.

Ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokuphathwa kuyisihluthulelo sokuvimbela izinkinga nokugcina ikhwalithi yokuphila kwakho. Hlala uxhumene neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ube othembekile ngezimpawu zakho, futhi ungangabazi ukufuna usizo uma ulikhona. Awuwedwa kuloluhambo, futhi kunezindlela zokwelapha ezisebenza kahle ezitholakalayo ukuze zikusize uphathe isimo sakho.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana neSifo Se-Mixed Connective Tissue

Ingabe iSifo Se-Mixed Connective Tissue sibulala?

Ngokuvamile i-MCTD ayibulali, futhi abantu abaningi abanesimo banokulindela kokuphila okujwayelekile noma okusedlule. Izinga lokuphila iminyaka eyi-10 lingaphezu kuka-90%. Noma kunjalo, izinkinga ezinzima njengokuphakama kwegazi emaphaphwini kungabeka ukuphila engozini uma kungaphathwa kahle. Ukulandelela njalo nokuphathwa okuqondile kuthuthukisa kakhulu imiphumela.

Ingabe iSifo Se-Mixed Connective Tissue lingangena ekuphumuleni?

Yebo, abanye abantu abane-MCTD baba nezinkathi zokuphumula lapho izimpawu ziphucuka kakhulu noma ziyaphela okwesikhashana. Noma kunjalo, leli gciwane liyisifo esingapheli, okusho ukuthi lidinga ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo. Abanye abantu bangaba nezinkathi ezinde ngezimpawu ezincane, ikakhulukazi ngokwelashwa okuqondile.

I-MCTD ihluke kanjani ku-lupus?

Nakuba i-MCTD ne-lupus zifana ngezinye izinto, i-MCTD ibonakala ngokuba khona kwama-anti-U1-RNP antibodies futhi ngokuvamile inezinkinga ezincane zezinso kunesi-lupus. I-MCTD futhi ivame ukuba nobuthakathaka bemisipha futhi kungenzeka kakhulu ukuba ibingela ukuphakama kwegazi emaphaphwini. Ukuhlanganiswa kwezimpawu ezivela ezifweni eziningi zezicubu ezihlanganayo yilokho okuhlukanisa i-MCTD.

Ingabe ukukhulelwa kungathinta iSifo Se-Mixed Connective Tissue?

Ukukhulelwa kungathinta izimpawu ze-MCTD, ngabanye abesifazane ababona ukuthuthuka kuyilapho abanye bengase babe nezimpawu ezibi. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisana eduze nodokotela wakho we-rheumatologist nodokotela wakho we-obstetrician uma uhlela ukukhulelwa noma usekhulelwe kakade. Amanye ama-MCTD ama-medications angase adingeke alungiswe ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa.

Ziyini izinguquko zokuphila ezibaluleke kakhulu ekuphatheni i-MCTD?

Izingqungqulu zokuphila ezibaluleke kakhulu zihlanganisa ukuzivikela ekubandeni ukuvimbela ukuhlaselwa yi-Raynaud, ukwenza umthambo olula njalo ukuze kulondolozwe amandla emisipha, ukuphumula ngokwanele, ukuphatha ingcindezi ngokuphumelelayo, nokugwema ukubhema. Ukudla ukudla okulwa nokuvuvukala nokugcina umzimba uthambile kungasiza ekuphatheni izimpawu nasekusekeleni impilo yonke.