Uyini i-MOGAD? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-MOGAD imelela isifo esibangelwa yi-antibody ehambisana ne-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. Lolu yisimo esingavamile se-autoimmune lapho i-immune system yakho ihlasela ngephutha i-protein ebizwa nge-MOG ebuchosheni bakho nase-spinal cord.

Le protein ivikela imithambo yezinzwa ethwala imiyalezo kuyo yonke i-nervous system yakho. Uma ama-antibody ehlasela i-MOG, kungabangela ukuvuvukala nokwenzakala okubangela izimpawu ezahlukene ze-neurological. Nakuba i-MOGAD ingathinta abantu bazo zonke izinsuku, ivame ukuxilongwa kubantwana nabantu abadala abasebancane.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-MOGAD?

Izimpawu ze-MOGAD zingase zihluke kakhulu ngoba lesi simo singathinta izingxenye ezahlukene ze-nervous system yakho. Isimpawu esivame kakhulu sokuqala yizinkinga zobuso, ikakhulukazi i-optic neuritis, ebangela ubuhlungu beliso nokulahleka kobuso kwenye noma kokubili amehlo.

Nawa ama-symptom aphambili ongawabona nge-MOGAD:

• Izinkinga zobuso: Ubuso obukhanyayo, ukulahleka kobuso, ubuhlungu beliso, noma ukubona imibala ngokuhlukile
• Izimpawu zokuvuvukala kobuchopho: Izinhlungu zikhanda, ukudideka, izinkinga zokukhumbula, noma ukushintsha komuntu
• Izimpawu ze-spinal cord: Ubuthakathaka ezingalweni noma emilenzeni, ukungazi, ukukhahlela, noma ubunzima bokuhamba
• Izimpawu ze-brainstem: Ukukhungatheka, isicanucanu, ukugabha, noma ubunzima bokuginya
• Ukuhlwitha: Ikakhulu kubantwana abane-brain involvement

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, i-MOGAD ingabangela izimpawu ezinkulu njengobunzima bokuqeda umoya uma i-brainstem ithinteka kakhulu. Abanye abantu baye baba nazo zonke lezi zimpawu ngesikhathi esisodwa, kanti abanye bangaba nesinye noma amabili ama-area athintekile.

Izimpawu zivame ukuqala ngokuzumayo phakathi kwamahora kuya ezinsukwini, okungase kuzwakale kuyesabekayo. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaningi abane-MOGAD baye baba nokuphulukiswa okuhle phakathi kwamaqhezu, ikakhulukazi ngokwelashwa okufanele.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-MOGAD?

I-MOGAD ayinazo izinhlobo ezisemthethweni, kodwa odokotela bavame ukuchaza ngokusekelwe engxenyeni ye-nervous system yakho ethintekile kakhulu. Lokhu kubasiza ukuqonda isimo sakho esithile futhi bahlele indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu.

Amaphethini aphambili afaka i-optic neuritis MOGAD, ethinta ikakhulukazi imithambo yakho ye-optic nobuso. I-Brain MOGAD ihilela ukuvuvukala kwesicubu sobuchopho, kuyilapho i-spinal cord MOGAD ithinta i-spinal cord futhi ingabangela ubuthakathaka noma ukungazi.

Abanye abantu bane-brainstem MOGAD, ethinta indawo ehlanganisa ubuchopho bakho ne-spinal cord yakho. Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, ungaba ne-multifocal MOGAD, lapho ama-area amaningi athinteka ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Iphethini yakho ethile ingashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi abanye abantu bangase babe nezinhlobo ezahlukene zokubandakanyeka phakathi kwamaqhezu ahlukene. Lolu shintsho luyingxenye yalokho okwenza i-MOGAD ibe yiyona ngokwayo uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izimo ezifanayo.

Yini ebangela i-MOGAD?

I-MOGAD kwenzeka lapho i-immune system yakho ikhiqiza ama-antibody ngokumelene ne-protein ye-MOG ngephutha. Ososayensi abakuqondi ngokuphelele ukuthi kungani lo mpendulo we-autoimmune uqala, kodwa cishe uhilela ukuxubana kwezinto.

Izici ezingase ziqale le nqubo zifaka:

• Ukutheleleka kwe-viral: Ama-virus avamile afana nawabangela izikhathi zokubanda noma i-flu
• Ukugonywa: Ngokungavamile, ukugonywa kungase kuqalise impendulo ye-immune
• Ukuqina noma isifo: Ukuqina komzimba noma kwengqondo okuthinta i-immune system yakho
• Izici ze-genetic: Ama-gene athile angase akwenze ube sengozini enkulu
• Izici ze-environmental: Izici ze-environmental ezingaziwa

Kwezinye izimo, akukho sici esithile esingabonakala, okungase kuzwakale kuyadumaza. Okubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-MOGAD ayithatheki, futhi ayibangelwa yilutho olukwenzile noma olungakwenzanga.

Lesi simo sibonakala sivame kakhulu ezinye izigaba zabantu, ikakhulukazi abantu base-Asia, nakuba singathinta noma ubani. Abacwaningi basafuna ukuqonda zonke izici ezifaka isandla ekukhuleni kwe-MOGAD.

Nini okumele ubona udokotela nge-MOGAD?

Kufanele ufune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokulahleka kobuso ngokuzumayo, izinhlungu zikhanda ezinkulu ngokudideka, noma ubuthakathaka obuzumayo ezingalweni noma emilenzeni yakho. Lezi zimpawu zingase zibonise ukuvuvukala kwi-nervous system yakho okudinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Shaya udokotela wakho ngokushesha uma uqaphela ukushintsha kobuso njengobuso obukhanyayo, ubuhlungu beliso, noma ubunzima bokuqonda imibala kahle. Ngisho noma izimpawu zibonakala zingenamandla, ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kungasiza ukuvimbela izinkinga ezinkulu.

Ezinye izimpawu zezexwayiso ezidinga ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha zifaka izinhlungu zikhanda ezihlala njalo ezingaphenduli ekwelapheni okuvamile, izinkinga zokukhumbula noma ukudideka, ukungazi noma ukukhahlela okusabalayo, noma ubunzima bokuhamba noma ukuhleleka kwezinyathelo.

Uma usuvele uxilongwe nge-MOGAD, xhumana neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo uma uqaphela izimpawu ezintsha noma uma izimpawu ezikhona ziba zimbi. Bangasiza ekuqondeni ukuthi udinga ukwelashwa okwengeziwe noma ukulungiswa kwemithi.

Ziyini izici ezingozini ze-MOGAD?

I-MOGAD ingathinta noma ubani, kodwa izici ezithile zingase zikhulise amathuba akho okukhula kwalesi simo. Ukuqonda lezi zici ezingozini kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuba niqaphele izimpawu ezingase zibe khona.

Izici ezingozini eziphambili zifaka:

• Iminyaka: Ivame kakhulu kubantwana nabantu abadala abasebancane, nakuba ingase ibonakale kunoma iyiphi iminyaka
• Uhlanga: Ivame ukubonakala kubantu base-Asia
• Ubulili: Ivame kakhulu kwabesifazane kunamadoda
• Umlando womndeni: Ukuba nezihlobo ezinezimo ze-autoimmune
• Ukutheleleka kwamuva: Izifo ze-viral emakhulwini ambalwa ngaphambi kokuba kuqale izimpawu

Ukuba nalezi zici ezingozini akusho ukuthi uzokhula nge-MOGAD. Abantu abaningi abanezici ezingozini eziningi abakhulumi lesi simo, kanti abanye abangenazo izici ezingozini ezicacile bayakwenza.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-MOGAD isacatshangelwa njengengavamile ngokujwayelekile, ithinta abantu abangaphansi kuka-10 nge-100,000. Lesi simo sibonakala siqaphelwe manje kunakuqala, ngokuyinhloko ngoba ukuhlolwa kwama-antibody e-MOG sekutholakala kakhulu.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingase zenzeke nge-MOGAD?

Nakuba abantu abaningi abane-MOGAD baphulukiswa kahle phakathi kwamaqhezu, ezinye izinkinga zingase zenzeke, ikakhulukazi uma lesi simo singelaphiwe ngokushesha. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zenzeke kungakusiza ukusebenzisana neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukuze uzivimbele.

Izinkinga ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo zifaka:

• Izinkinga zobuso: Ukulahleka kobuso okungapheli noma ukunciphisa ukubona imibala
• Ukushintsha kwengqondo: Izinkinga zokukhumbula, ubunzima bokuhlala ugxile, noma ukushintsha kwesimo sengqondo
• Ukulinganiselwa komzimba: Ubuthakathaka, izinkinga zokuxhumanisa, noma ubunzima bokuhamba
• Izinkinga zezinzwa: Ukungazi okungapheli, ukukhahlela, noma ubuhlungu
• Ukukhathala: Ukukhathala okuqhubekayo okuthinta imisebenzi yansuku zonke

Kwezinye izimo ezingavamile, izinkinga ezinkulu zingase zifake ukukhubazeka okukhulu uma ama-area amaningi e-nervous system ethinteka ngokuphindaphindiwe. Abanye abantu bangase bakhule ngokuhlwitha okudinga ukuphathwa okuqhubekayo kwemithi.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokwelashwa okufanele, abantu abaningi abane-MOGAD baye baba nokuphulukiswa okuhle futhi bangabuyela emisebenzini yabo evamile. Ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa kuya ngcono kakhulu imiphumela futhi kunciphisa ingozi yezinkinga.

I-MOGAD ingavikeleka kanjani?

Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela eyaziwayo yokuvimbela i-MOGAD ngoba asiqondi ngokuphelele ukuthi yini eqalisa inqubo ye-autoimmune. Noma kunjalo, ungathatha izinyathelo zokusekela impilo yakho yonke futhi wenze kube lula ubunzima bamaqhezu.

Ukugcina impilo enhle ngokujwayelekile ngokuzivocavoca njalo, ukulala okwanele, nokuphathwa kokucindezeleka kungasiza ekusekeleni i-immune system yakho. Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi ukugwema izici ezaziwayo, njengokutheleleka okuthile uma kungenzeka, kungaba usizo.

Uma usuvele uxilongwe nge-MOGAD, ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukuqapha izimpawu zokuqala zokubuyela emuva kubalulekile. Bangase bancoma ukuhlolwa okujwayelekile nezivivinyo zegazi ukuqapha amazinga akho e-MOG antibody.

Ukugcina ubuyekeza ngokugonywa, njengoba kunconywe udokotela wakho, kungasiza ukuvimbela ukutheleleka okungase kuqalise amaqhezu. Noma kunjalo, xoxa nganoma yiziphi izinkathazo zokugonywa nodokotela wakho, njengoba bangase bancome okuhle kakhulu isimo sakho esithile.

I-MOGAD ixilongwa kanjani?

Ukuxilonga i-MOGAD kuhilela izinyathelo eziningi ngoba izimpawu zingafana nezinye izimo ze-neurological. Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngomlando wezokwelapha ophelele nokuhlolwa komzimba, egxila ekubukeni kwakho nasemsebenzini we-neurological.

Ivivinyo eliyisihluthulelo lokuxilonga yivivinyo legazi elibuka ama-antibody e-MOG. Leli vivinyo liqondile kakhulu kwi-MOGAD futhi lisiza ukuhlukaniselana nezinye izimo ezifanayo njenge-multiple sclerosis noma i-neuromyelitis optica.

Udokotela wakho uzodinga futhi ukuhlolwa kwe-MRI kobuchopho ne-spinal cord ukuze abuke ama-area okuvuvukala. Lezi zithombe zingabonisa amaphethini achaza asekelwa ukuxilongwa kwe-MOGAD futhi zisize ukuqeda ezinye izimo.

Ezinye izivivinyo zingase zifake ukugoqa i-lumbar ukuhlola i-spinal fluid yakho, izivivinyo ze-visual field ukuhlola noma yikuphi ukushintsha kobuso, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izivivinyo zegazi ezengeziwe ukuqeda ezinye izimo ze-autoimmune.

Ukuthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kungaqeda isikhathi, futhi ungase udinga ukubona ochwepheshe njengabachwepheshe be-neurologists noma be-neuro-ophthalmologists. Lendlela ephelele iqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okufanele isimo sakho esithile.

Uyini ukwelashwa kwe-MOGAD?

Ukwelashwa kwe-MOGAD kugxile ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala phakathi kwamaqhezu aqinile nokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa kwesikhathi esizayo. Indlela ixhomeke ebunzimeni bezimpawu zakho nezingxenye ze-nervous system yakho ezithintekile.

Ngamaqhezu aqinile, udokotela wakho uzoncoma ukunikezwa kwe-corticosteroids enkulu, ngokuvamile inikezwa nge-intravenously izinsuku eziningana. Le mithi enamandla yokulwa nokuvuvukala ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukuvuvukala nokuvimbela ukwenzakala okwengeziwe kwi-nervous system yakho.

Uma ama-steroids engasebenzi kahle noma uma unezimpawu ezinkulu, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zingase zifake:

• Ukushintshwa kwe-plasma: Kususa ama-antibody egazini lakho
• Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG): Kusiza ekulawuleni i-immune system yakho
• Imithi yokucindezela i-immune system yesikhathi eside: Njenge-rituximab noma i-mycophenolate
• Ukwelashwa kokugcina: Ukuvimbela amaqhezu esikhathi esizayo

Abantu abaningi abane-MOGAD badinga ukwelashwa okuqhubekayo ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva, ikakhulukazi uma sebebe namaqhezu amaningi. Udokotela wakho uzohlala usebenza nawe ukuthola ibhalansi efanele phakathi kokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa nokunciphisa imiphumela emibi yemithi.

Izinhlelo zokwelapha zihlukile kakhulu, futhi okusebenza kangcono kakhulu kungase kuhluke komunye nomunye. Ukuqapha okujwayelekile kusiza iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukulungisa imithi njengoba kudingeka.

Indlela yokuphatha i-MOGAD ekhaya?

Ukuphatha i-MOGAD ekhaya kuhilela ukunakekela impilo yakho yonke ngenkathi uqapha izimpawu zezimpawu ezintsha. Ukulandela imithi yakho ebekiwe yiyona nyathelo elibaluleke kakhulu ongalithatha.

Gcina idayari yesimpawu ukuqapha noma yikuphi ukushintsha ekubukeni kwakho, amandla, noma ezinye izimpawu ze-neurological. Lolu lwazi lusisiza iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo ukwenza izinqumo ezisekelwe olwazini mayelana nokwelashwa kwakho.

Gxila ekugcineni imikhuba yokulala emihle, ukudla ukudla okulinganiselayo, nokugcina ukhuthele ngangokuthi isimo sakho siyakuvumela. Ukuzivocavoca okuthambile kungasiza ekugcineni amandla akho nokuqina ngenkathi usekela inhlalakahle yakho yonke.

Amathuluzi okuphatha ukucindezeleka njengokucamngca, ukuphefumula okujulile, noma ukwelashwa kungaba usizo, njengoba ukucindezeleka kungase kuqalise amaqhezu kwabanye abantu. Unganqikazi ukucela usizo emindenini, abangane, noma amaqembu asekelayo.

Qiniseka ukuthi unecebo lokuthola ukunakekelwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo uma kudingeka, futhi gcina imininingwane yokuxhumana neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo iyatholakala kalula. Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi kuwusizo ukuphatha ikhadi lesaziso sezokwelapha lichaze isimo sabo.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho yodokotela kungasiza ekuqinisekiseni ukuthi uthola okuningi kakhulu ekuhambeni kwakho. Qala ngokubhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini, zazide isikhathi esingakanani, nokuthi yini eyazenza zaba ngcono noma zimbi.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwemithi yakho yamanje, kufaka phakathi imithamo, nanoma yiziphi izongezo ozithathayo. Futhi, buthana nanoma yiziphi iziphumo zokuhlola ezedlule, izithombe ze-MRI, noma amarekhodi ezokwelapha ahlobene nesimo sakho.

Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo mayelana nokuxilongwa kwakho, izinketho zokwelapha, imiphumela emibi engase ibe khona, nokuthi yini okulindeleke kuqhubeke. Ungakhathazeki ngokubuza imibuzo eminingi kakhulu – iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo lifuna ukukusiza ukuqonda isimo sakho.

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngane ukukusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi oluqakathekile oluxoxwe ngesikhathi se-appointment. Bangase futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo futhi basize ekumeleleni izidingo zakho.

Bhala noma yiziphi izinkathazo mayelana nemisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke, umsebenzi, noma impilo yomndeni engase ithinteke isimo sakho. Udokotela wakho anganikeza isiqondiso ekuphatheni lezi zici ezisebenzayo zokuphila ne-MOGAD.

Uyini umbono oyinhloko mayelana ne-MOGAD?

I-MOGAD iyisimo esingavamile kodwa esingelashwa se-autoimmune esithinta ikakhulukazi ukubona kwakho ne-nervous system. Nakuba ukuthola lokhu kuxilongwa kungase kuzwakale kuyadumaza, abantu abaningi abane-MOGAD baphila impilo egcwele, esebenzayo ngokwelashwa okufanele nokuqapha.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa kuya ngcono kakhulu imiphumela. Ngokuqonda kwamanje kwe-MOGAD nezinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, abantu abaningi baye baba nokuphulukiswa okuhle phakathi kwamaqhezu.

Ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo, ukulandela imithi ngokuqhubekayo, nokuqapha izimpawu ezintsha kuyizona zinto eziyinhloko zokuphatha lesi simo ngempumelelo. Unganqikazi ukufuna usizo uma ulikudinga.

Khumbula ukuthi ucwaningo lwe-MOGAD luqhubeka, futhi kukhiqizwa izindlela zokwelapha ezintsha. Lokhu kunikeza ithemba lemiphumela engcono nakakhulu esikhathini esizayo kubantu abaphila nalesi simo.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana ne-MOGAD

Ingabe i-MOGAD ifana ne-multiple sclerosis?

Cha, i-MOGAD ne-multiple sclerosis izimo ezahlukene, nakuba zingaba nezimpawu ezifanayo. I-MOGAD ihilela ama-antibody ngokumelene ne-protein ye-MOG, kuyilapho i-MS ihilela izinqubo ezahlukene ze-immune system. I-MOGAD ngokuvamile ineprognosi engcono futhi iphendula ngokuhlukile ekwelapheni. Udokotela wakho angahlukaniselana phakathi kwabo ngokuhlolwa kwegazi okuqondile nama-MRI patterns.

Ingabe ngizodinga ukuthatha imithi impilo yami yonke?

Akunjalo ngempela. Ubude bokuwelashwa buyahluka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu abane-MOGAD. Abanye abantu badinga imithi yesikhathi eside ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva, kanti abanye bangase badinge ukwelashwa kuphela phakathi kwamaqhezu aqinile. Udokotela wakho uzohlala ehlola isimo sakho futhi angase alungise noma ayeke imithi ngokusekelwe ekuphenduleni kwakho namazinga e-antibody ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Ingabe i-MOGAD ingathinta ikhono lami lokusebenza noma ukuya esikoleni?

Uthonyo lwe-MOGAD emsebenzini noma esikoleni luxhomeke ezimpawu zakho ezithile nokuthi zilawulwa kangcono kanjani ngokwelashwa. Abantu abaningi abane-MOGAD baqhubeka nemisebenzi yabo evamile ngezinguquko ezithile uma kudingeka. Izinkinga zobuso zingase zidinga ukulungiswa kwendawo yokusebenza, kuyilapho izimpawu zengqondo zingase zithinte ukugxila. Xoxa ngezinkathazo zakho neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo futhi ucabange ngokuqeqeshwa kwe-occupational uma kuwusizo.

Ingabe i-MOGAD iyefa?

I-MOGAD ngokuvamile ayidluliselwa emindenini, nakuba kungase kube nezici ze-genetic ezandisa ukutholakala. Ukuba nelungu lomndeni eline-MOGAD akukhuphuli kakhulu ingozi yakho, futhi abantu abaningi abane-MOGAD abanazo izihlobo ezithintekile. Noma kunjalo, ukuba nezihlobo ezinezimo ze-autoimmune kungase kukhulise kancane ingozi yakho yokukhula izimo ze-autoimmune ngokujwayelekile.

Ingabe abantwana abane-MOGAD bangaphila impilo evamile?

Yebo, abantwana abaningi abane-MOGAD bangaphila impilo evamile, enempilo ngokwelashwa okufanele. Abantwana bavame ukuphulukiswa kahle ezigabeni ze-MOGAD, futhi abaningi baye baba nokuphulukiswa okuphelele. Ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokwelashwa kubaluleke kakhulu kubantwana ukuvimbela izinkinga ezingase zithinte intuthuko yabo. Sebenza eduze nochwepheshe bezingane ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ithola ukunakekelwa nokusekelwa okufanele iminyaka yayo.