Mogad

I-MOGAD (Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease), eyaziwa nangokuthi yi-MOGAD, yisifo esibuhlungu nesivuvukalayo esithinta uhlelo lwezinzwa elikhulu. Ku-MOGAD, uhlelo lokukhulula umzimba luhlasela into ecebile enqanda imicu yezinzwa ezinzwa zobuso, ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla.

Amapapasi e-MOGAD angafaka ukulahlekelwa ukubona, ubuthakathaka bemisipha, ukumamatheka noma ukungakwazi ukuhamba, ukudideka, ukuhlushwa yizifo zengqondo, kanye nokuhlunguluka kwekhanda. La mapapasi ngezinye izikhathi angadideka nezinye izifo ezinjengokuqina kwemisipha.

Ayikho imithi yokwelapha i-MOGAD. Noma kunjalo, kunezinye izindlela zokwelapha ezingasiza ukushesisa ukuphulukiswa ekuhlaselweni, ukuphatha amapapasi nokunciphisa amathuba okuphinda kube khona amapapasi.

I-MOGAD ibangela ukukhula okuhlungu, okwaziwa njengokuvuvukala. Izimpawu zibangelwa ukuhlaselwa yi: Ukuvuvukala komthambo wamehlo. Okuthiwa yi-optic neuritis, lesi simo singabangela ukulahlekelwa kubukhoma elinye noma womabili amehlo nobuhlungu bethu olukhula kakhulu uma amehlo ehamba. I-optic neuritis kubantwana ingadideka ne-headache. Ukuvuvukala komgogodla. Okuthiwa yi-transverse myelitis, lesi simo singabangela ubuthakathaka bezingalo noma imilenze, ubunzima bemisipha, noma ukuqina. Kungabangela futhi ukulahlekelwa komuzwa kanye nokuchwechwa kwesisu, isibeletho noma umsebenzi wezocansi. Ukuvuvukala kobuchopho nomgogodla. Okuthiwa yi-acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, okwaziwa nangokuthi yi-ADEM, lesi simo singabangela ukulahlekelwa kubukhoma, ubuthakathaka, ukuhamba okungazinzi nokudideka. I-ADEM ivame kakhulu kubantwana abane-MOGAD. Ezinye izimpawu ze-MOGAD zingafaka: Ukuhlinzwa. I-Headaches. Ukuqabuka. Abanye abantu abane-MOGAD baba nokuhlaselwa okukodwa kuphela kwezimpawu. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-monophasic MOGAD futhi kuvamile kancane. Noma kunjalo, abanye abantu baba nokuhlaselwa okuningi, okuthiwa yi-relapsing MOGAD. Ukuhlaselwa kuvame ukuthuthuka ezinsukwini futhi kungaba nzima futhi kubangele ukuhlupheka. Ukukhubazeka kuvame ukuba sibi ngokuhlala kuhlala. Ukubuyela emuva kokuhlaselwa kungathatha amasonto kuya ezinyangeni. Bheka udokotela noma omunye ochwepheshe wezempilo uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingenhla ngezizathu ezingaziwa.

Bona udokotela noma omunye ochwepheshe wezempilo uma ubhekene nanoma yiziphi izimpawu ezingenhla ngezizathu ezingaziwa.

Imbangela ye-MOGAD ayaziwa. Liyisifo sokuzikhukhumeza komzimba lapho isimo sokuvikela somzimba sihlasela izicubu zalo. Kubantu abane-MOGAD, isimo sokuvikela somzimba sibhubhisa into ecebile ebizwa ngokuthi i-myelin. I-Myelin ihlanganisa futhi ivikele imicu yezinzwa emthambekeni wamehlo, ebuchosheni nasemgogweni.Ubuchopho buthumela imiyalezo phansi kwemicucwana yezinzwa esiza ukutshela izingxenye zomzimba ukuthi yenzani. Uma i-myelin yonakele futhi imicu yezinzwa ivelile, leyo miyalezo ingase ibe yeyohamba kancane noma ivinjelwe. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lezo zingxenye zomzimba ngeke zisebenze kahle.I-MOGAD ivame ukuxilongwa ngokungalungile njengoba kuyisifo esihlasela i-myelin futhi sibangela izimpawu ezifanayo. Kungase kuphikiswe njengoba kuyisifo esiningi, esaziwa ngokuthi yi-MS. Noma kungase kudidaniswe nesimo esibizwa ngokuthi isifo se-neuromyelitis optica spectrum, esaziwa nangokuthi yi-NMOSD.I-MOGAD ihlukile ku-MS nase-NMOSD ngoba ukuhlaselwa kokuqala kwe-MOGAD kuvame ukuba yinkulu kunazo zonke, kodwa abantu abanesifo bangaphila ngokuphelele. I-MOGAD iphinde ixilongwe ngokuhlukile, usebenzisa imiphumela evela ku-MRI nezivivinyo zegazi. Abantu abane-MS ne-NMOSD bavame ukuba nokuhlaselwa okuningi, kuyilapho cishe ingxenye yabantu abane-MOGAD banokuhlukunyezwa okukodwa kuphela.

Lezi zinto zingandisa ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa i-MOGAD:

• Ubudala. Abantwana nabantu abadala abasebancane banesilinganiso esincane esikhulu sokuthuthukisa i-MOGAD.
• Ukutheleleka kwamuva noma ukugonywa. I-MOGAD ingase ithuthuke ngemuva kokugula okutheleleka noma ukugonywa, njenge-SARS-CoV-2.

Izinkinga ze-MOGAD zibangelwa ukuhlaselwa kwezinto ezinamasuntswana ezivimba imithambo yezinzwa ezinzwa ezinzwa, ubuchopho kanye nomgogodla. Ukuhlaselwa kokuqala kuvame ukuba kubi kakhulu, kodwa ukuhlaselwa ngakunye kungalimaza kakhulu. Ezinye zezinkinga ezingase zenzeke zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqina okungapheli emahlombe nasezinzwaneni.
• Ukukhubazeka kwesisu namanxeba isikhathi eside.
• Ukufuna amehlo omnye noma womabili.
• Ukungakwazi ukukhuluma, ukukhumbula nokucabanga.

Ezinye izindlela zokwelapha i-MOGAD zingase futhi zibangele izinkinga. Ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside kwawokwelapha okuthile kungabangela:

• Ukutheleleka.
• I-Lymphoma noma umdlavuza wesikhumba.
• Ukukhula okuhamba kancane kubantwana.
• Izinhlungu zikhanda.
• Ukwehluleka kwesibindi.

Uchwepheshe wezempilo uhlola noma yiziphi izimpawu ozinayo futhi angenza ukuhlolwa komzimba ukuze abheke noma yiziphi izimpawu ze-MOGAD.

I-MOGAD ivame ukuxilongwa ngemuva kokuthi izinto ezimbili ziqinisekiswe. Ochwepheshe bezempilo baqinisekisa ukuthi izimpawu zibangelwe uhlobo oluvamile lokuhlaselwa, njengokuqina komthambo wamehlo, i-transverse myelitis noma i-acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM). I-MOGAD iphinde ixilongwe ngemuva kokutholakala kwe-MOG-antibody egazini noma e-spinal fluid.

Lezi zinto ezimbili zingaqinisekiswa ngezinqubo ezimbalwa, ezifaka:

• Ukuhlolwa kwe-MOG antibody nge-cell-based assay. Lolu hlolo lubheka amaseli ane-MOG ebusweni bawo ukuze kubone ukuthi i-MOG-antibody ikhona egazini. Lolu hlolo lubhekwa njengendlela engcono kakhulu yokuhlola i-MOGAD, kodwa kunethuba lokuba kube nemiphumela engeyiyo. Uqapho luyadingeka uma izimpawu zingavamile noma zifana nalezo zesifo esinye, njenge-multiple sclerosis.
• Ukukhahlela i-spinal. Okuthiwa futhi yi-lumbar puncture, le nqubo iqoqa isampula encane ye-cerebrospinal fluid ukuze ihlolwe. Lesi sampula singabonisa ukuthi kukhona yini inani elikhulayo lamaseli amhlophe egazi. Lokhu kubangela ukuvuvukala futhi kuvamile ku-MOGAD. Ukukhahlela i-spinal kungabheka futhi uhlobo lwe-protein e-spinal fluid ebizwa ngokuthi yi-oligoclonal bands. Lezi bands zivame kakhulu ku-multiple sclerosis futhi zingasiza ekuhlukaniseni izifo ezimbili.
• Ukuhlolwa kwe-imaging. Ungadinga i-MRI yengqondo, umgogodla nomthambo wamehlo. Lezi zithombe zingabonisa amabala angavamile ebuchosheni nasemgogodleni, okuthiwa yi-lesions, nokuvuvukala komthambo wamehlo.
• Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo. Ukuhlolwa kwamehlo, okuthiwa yi-optical coherence tomography, kungasiza ekuxilongweni kwe-MOGAD. Lolu hlolo lubonisa izigaba zengxenye yamehlo ebizwa ngokuthi yi-retina. Phakathi nezikhathi zokuqina komthambo wamehlo, i-retina ivame ukuba bukhulu kunokujwayelekile. Ngemva kwalezi zikhathi, ukonakala kwamaseli ezinzwa e-retina kubangela i-retina ukuba incintisa.

Ukuhlolwa kwe-MOG antibody akusiyo njalo okuchaneka. Ngezinye izikhathi abantu abaphilile noma abantu abanezifo ezithile bangaba ne-MOG antibodies emazingeni aphansi. Iqembu lakho lezokunakekelwa kwezempilo lisebenzisa imiphumela yokuhlolwa kwakho ukuqinisekisa ukuthi akukho lutho oluhlukile olubangela izimpawu zakho.