Mono

I-mononucleosis yokutheleleka (mono) ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi yi-kissing disease. I-virus ebangela i-mono (i-Epstein-Barr virus) yasakazwa ngesaliva. Ungayithola ngokusuthisana, kodwa ungabuye ukhululeke ngokwabelana ngeglasi noma izinto zokudla nomuntu onayo i-mono. Noma kunjalo, i-mononucleosis ayithatheki njengezinye izifo, njengokubanda okuvamile.

Cishe uzothola i-mononucleosis ngazo zonke izimpawu uma ungumntwana noma osemusha. Abantwana abancinyane bavame ukuba nezimpawu ezimbalwa, futhi ukutheleleka kuvame ukungabonakali.

Uma une-mononucleosis, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele izinkinga ezithile ezinjengomkhondo omkhulu. Ukuphumula nokunciphisa amanzi kuyizinhlutho zokubuyisela impilo.

Izimpawu nezimpawu ze-mononucleosis zingafaka:

• Ukukhathala
• Ubuhlungu bohlangothi, mhlawumbe obuphazamisekile njengobulwelwe lwe-strep, obungaphuli ngemva kokwelashwa ngama-antibiotic
• Ukuqunjelwa
• Ama-lymph nodes ahlungene entanyeni nasezindlebeni
• Ama-tonsils ahlungene
• Ukukhathala kwekhanda
• Ukukhishwa kwesikhumba
• I-spleen ebile, ehlungene

I-virus inenkathi yokufukamela yeminyaka emine kuya kweyesihlanu, yize kubantwana abancane le nkathi ingaba mfushane. Inkathi yokufukamela ibhekisela ukuthi kungakanani isikhathi ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zakho zivele ngemva kokuba ukhombiswe yi-virus. Izimpawu nezimpawu ezinjengokuqunjelwa nobuhlungu bohlangothi ngokuvamile ziyancipha phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa. Kepha ukukhathala, ama-lymph nodes amakhulu ne-spleen ehlungene kungathatha amasonto ambalwa ngaphezulu.

Imbangela evamile kunazo zonke yomononucleosis iwumkhuhlanekaEpstein-Barr, kepha ezinye izikhuhlane zingabangela nezimpawu ezifanayo. Lo mkhuhlane ugcina ngesaliva, futhi ungawubamba ngokusuthisana noma ngokwabelana ukudla noma iziphuzo.

Nakuba izimpawu zomunonucleosis zingajabulisi, ukutheleleka kuqeda ngokwalo ngaphandle kwemiphumela yesikhathi eside. Abantu abadala abaningi baye basabela kumkhuhlanekaEpstein-Barr futhi bakhiqize ama-antibodies. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abanakhuthazela futhi ngeke bathole umononucleosis.

Izinkinga ze-mononucleosis ngezinye izikhathi zingaba nzima.

I-mononucleosis iyasakazeka ngesaliva. Uma une-infection, ungasiza ekunciphiseni ukusakazeka kwe-virus kwabanye ngokungabanga mangqondo nabo nangokungabihlanganyeli ukudla, izitsha, iziglasi nemishini kuze kube ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa uma ubanda bakho sekuthuthukile - futhi isikhathi eside, uma kungenzeka. Futhi khumbula ukugeza izandla zakho njalo ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwe-virus. I-Epstein-Barr virus ingase ihlale esaliva yakho izinyanga ngemva kokutheleleka. Ayikho imithi yokugcoba evikela i-mononucleosis.

Udokotela wakho angase akhole ukuthi une-mononucleosis ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho nezimpawu, isikhathi eside ezihlale zikhona, kanye nokuhlolwa komzimba. Uzobheka izimpawu ezinjengamasosele ahlungene, i-tonsils, isibindi noma i-spleen, futhi acabange ukuthi lezi zimpawu zihambisana kanjani nezimpawu ozichazayo.

• Izivivinyo ze-Antibody. Uma kukhona isidingo sokufakazelwa okwengeziwe, ukuhlolwa kwe-monospot kungenziwa ukuhlola igazi lakho nge-antibodies ye-Epstein-Barr virus. Lolu hlolo lokucinga lunikeza imiphumela ngaphakathi kosuku olulodwa. Kodwa-ke, lungase lungabonisi ukutheleleka phakathi nesonto lokuqala lesifo. Ukuhlolwa okuhlukile kwe-antibody kudinga isikhathi eside semiphumela, kodwa kungabonisa isifo ngisho nasevikeni lokuqala lezimpawu.
• Inani le-White blood cell. Udokotela wakho angase asebenzise ezinye izivivinyo zegazi ukubheka inani elikhuphukile le-white blood cells (i-lymphocytes) noma i-lymphocytes ebukeka ingavamile. Lezi zivivinyo zegazi ngeke ziqinisekise i-mononucleosis, kodwa zingase ziyikhombe njengokungenzeka.

Asikho ukwelashwa okuqondile okukhona kokwelapha i-infectious mononucleosis. Ama-antibiotics awasebenzi ngokumelene nokutheleleka okubangelwa yi-viral njenge-mono. Ukwelashwa kubandakanya ikakhulu ukunakekela wena, njengokuthola ukuphumula okwanele, ukudla ukudla okunempilo nokunatha amanzi amaningi. Ungathatha abaphuli bebuhlungu abathengiswayo ukuze welaphe ubushushu noma ukuhlunguluka komphimbo.

Ukwelapha ukutheleleka okubangelwa yi-secondary nezinye izinkinga. Ukutheleleka kwe-streptococcal (strep) ngezinye izikhathi kuhambisana nokuhlunguluka komphimbo kwe-mononucleosis. Ungathuthukisa ukutheleleka kwe-sinus noma ukutheleleka kwe-tonsils (tonsillitis). Uma kunjalo, ungadinga ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotics ngokutheleleka okubangelwa yi-bacterial.

Ukuncipha okukhulu komoya wakho kungase kuphathwe ngama-corticosteroids.

• Ukwelapha ukutheleleka okubangelwa yi-secondary nezinye izinkinga. Ukutheleleka kwe-streptococcal (strep) ngezinye izikhathi kuhambisana nokuhlunguluka komphimbo kwe-mononucleosis. Ungathuthukisa ukutheleleka kwe-sinus noma ukutheleleka kwe-tonsils (tonsillitis). Uma kunjalo, ungadinga ukwelashwa ngama-antibiotics ngokutheleleka okubangelwa yi-bacterial.

Ukuncipha okukhulu komoya wakho kungase kuphathwe ngama-corticosteroids.

• Ingozi yemishwashwa ngeminye imithi. I-Amoxicillin nezinye i-antibiotics, kufaka phakathi ezinye ezenziwe nge-penicillin, azinconywa kubantu abane-mononucleosis. Eqinisweni, abanye abantu abane-mononucleosis abathatha enye yale mithi bangathuthukisa imishwashwa. Imishwashwa ayisho ukuthi banesifo se-allergic ku-antibiotic, noma kunjalo. Uma kudingeka, ezinye i-antibiotics ezingase zingabangeli imishwashwa ziyatholakala ukuze ziphathe ukutheleleka okungase kuhambisane ne-mononucleosis.

Ngaphandle kokuthola ukuphumula okwanele, lezi zinyathelo zingasiza ekuqedeni izimpawu ze-mononucleosis:

Thatha umunci wokunciphisa ubuhlungu otholwa ngaphandle kwesikripthi. Sebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu efana ne-acetaminophen (Tylenol, nabanye) noma i-ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, nabanye) njengoba kudingeka. Le miithi ayinawo amandla okuchitha i-virus. Yithathe kuphela ukuze unciphise ubuhlungu noma ubushushu bomzimba.

Sebenzisa ukuqapha uma unika i-aspirin kubantwana noma ezintsheni. Nakuba i-aspirin ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kubantwana abadala kunamashumi amathathu eminyaka, abantwana nezingane eziphulukana ne-chickenpox noma izimpawu ezifana ne-influenza akufanele bathathe i-aspirin. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-aspirin ihlanganiswe ne-Reye's syndrome, isimo esingavamile kodwa esingabeka impilo engozini, kulabo bantwana.

Izimpawu eziningi ze-mononucleosis ziyamila ngaphakathi kwamasonto ambalwa, kodwa kungathatha izinyanga ezimbili kuya kwezintathu ngaphambi kokuba uzizwe uphelele. Ukuphumula okuningi okuthola, kungcono ukubuyela esimweni sakho. Ukubuyela esimweni sakho sokuqala ngokushesha kakhulu kungandisa ingozi yokubuyela kwesifo.

Ukuze sikusize ugweme ingozi yokubhebhetheka kwespleen yakho, udokotela wakho angakuncoma ukuthi ulinde inyanga eyodwa ngaphambi kokubuyela emisebenzini eqinile, ukuphakamisa okukhulu, ukulwa noma imidlalo yoxhumano. Ukubhebhetheka kwespleen kuholela ekuphuculeni igazi futhi kuyisimo esiphuthumayo sezokwelapha.

Buza udokotela wakho ukuthi nini kuphephile ukubuyela ezingeni lakho elijwayelekile lomsebenzi. Udokotela wakho angakuncoma uhlelo lokuzivocavoca olukhulu ukuze akusize ukwakha amandla akho njengoba uphulukana.

• Phuza amanzi amaningi nejusi zemithi. Izinto ezinwetshiwe zisiza ekuqedeni ubushushu bomzimba nobuhlungu kwentamo futhi zivimbele ukuphelelwa amanzi.
• Thatha umunci wokunciphisa ubuhlungu otholwa ngaphandle kwesikripthi. Sebenzisa imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu efana ne-acetaminophen (Tylenol, nabanye) noma i-ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, nabanye) njengoba kudingeka. Le miithi ayinawo amandla okuchitha i-virus. Yithathe kuphela ukuze unciphise ubuhlungu noma ubushushu bomzimba.

Sebenzisa ukuqapha uma unika i-aspirin kubantwana noma ezintsheni. Nakuba i-aspirin ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa kubantwana abadala kunamashumi amathathu eminyaka, abantwana nezingane eziphulukana ne-chickenpox noma izimpawu ezifana ne-influenza akufanele bathathe i-aspirin. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-aspirin ihlanganiswe ne-Reye's syndrome, isimo esingavamile kodwa esingabeka impilo engozini, kulabo bantwana.

• Geza ngamanzi anetyuwa. Yenza lokhu izikhathi eziningi ngosuku ukuze unciphise ubuhlungu kwentamo. Xuba i-1/4 yethisipuni (amagremu angu-1.5) etyowa ema-ounces angu-8 (amamilliliters angu-237) amanzi afudumele.