Umononucleosis yini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Umononucleosis, ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi "mono" noma "umkhuhlane wokubanga," kuyisifo esibangelwa yi-virus esibangela ukukhathala okukhulu, ukuhlunguluka komlomo, nama-lymph nodes avuvukile. Abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa, yize ukukhathala kungase kuhlale isikhathi eside kunalokho obekulindele.

Lesi simo siqheleke kakhulu, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasebasha nabasha. Nakuba kungase kuzwakale kukhulu lapho ubhekene nalo, i-mono ayivamile ukuba yingozi futhi umzimba wakho uzolwa nayo ngokwemvelo ngokuphumula okuhle nokunakekelwa okuhle.

Iyini iMononucleosis?

I-Mononucleosis iyisifo esibangelwa yi-virus esithinta ikakhulukazi i-lymphatic system yakho, esiza umzimba wakho ukulwa nezifo. I-Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) ibangela cishe ama-90% e-mono cases, yize ezinye izifo zingayibangela futhi.

Uma une-mono, i-immune system yakho isebenza kakhulu ukulwa ne-virus. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani uzizwa ukhathele kakhulu futhi kungani ama-lymph nodes akho avuvukile njengoba esebenza ukuhlunga ukutheleleka.

Igama elithi "mononucleosis" livela enanini elikhulayo lama-white blood cells abizwa ngokuthi ama-monocytes abonakala egazini lakho ngesikhathi sokutheleleka. Lezi zicubu ziyingxenye yesistimu yokuzikhusela yemvelo yomzimba wakho eya ezingeni eliphezulu.

Ziyini Izimpawu zeMononucleosis?

Izimpawu ze-mono zivame ukuvela kancane kancane ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kuya emaviki, okwenza kube nzima ukuzibona ekuqaleni. Ukukhathala kuvame ukuba yingxenye enkulu futhi kungase kuhluke kakhulu ekukhatheleni okuvamile.

Nazi izimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ukukhathala okukhulu okungaphuli ngokuphumula
• Ukuhlunguluka komlomo okukhulu okungase kubonakale kuluhlaza okumhlophe noma oluphuzi
• Ama-lymph nodes avuvukile entanyeni nasezandleni
• Ukuqunjelwa okuza nokuhamba
• Ukuhlunguluka kwekhanda
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha nobuthakathaka
• Ukulahlekelwa ukudla
• I-Skin rash (ngezinye izikhathi)

Ukukhathala nge-mono kuvame ukuchazwa njengokuzwa sengathi ubethwe yiloli. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi badinga ukulala kakhulu kunokujwayelekile futhi bazizwa bekhulu.

Abanye abantu nabo bahlangabezana nezimpawu ezingavamile ezingase zibe izinkathazo. Lezi zingase zihlanganise i-spleen enkulu, engase ibe nobuhlungu ngaphezulu kwesandla sakho sokunxele, noma i-jaundice (ukuphuza kwesikhumba namehlo) uma i-liver yakho ihileleka.

Yini Ebangela iMononucleosis?

I-Epstein-Barr virus ibangela ama-case amaningi e-mono, kodwa ezinye izifo zingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo. Ukuqonda ukuthi uyibamba kanjani kungakusiza ukuthula ngokudluliselwa.

Nansi indlela i-mono esabalala ngayo:

• Ukuthintana kwe-saliva ngokubanga, ukwabelana ngezinsiza, noma izitsha
• Ama-droplets e-respiratory okuvela ekukhohlweni noma ekukhaleni
• I-Blood transfusions (ingavamile kakhulu)
• I-Organ transplants (ingavamile kakhulu)

Naphezu kokubizwa ngokuthi "umkhuhlane wokubanga," awudingi ukuthintana okuthile ukuze uthole i-mono. Ukwabelana ngebhodlela lamanzi nomuntu onayo noma ukuba eduze lapho ekhala kungase kube ngokwanele.

Ezinye izifo ezingabangela izimpawu ezifana ne-mono zihlanganisa i-cytomegalovirus (CMV), i-human herpesvirus 6, kanye nezinye izitsha ezifana ne-streptococcus. Udokotela wakho angakwazi ukuqonda ukuthi iyiphi imbangela ehlukile esemva kwezimpawu zakho uma kudingeka.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela NgeMononucleosis?

Kufanele ubheke udokotela uma unezimpawu ezibonisa i-mono, ikakhulukazi uma zikuphazamisa impilo yakho yansuku zonke. Ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni kungakusiza ukuqonda ukuthi yini okufanele uyilindele nokuthi ungazinakekela kanjani kahle.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu:

• Ukukhathala okukhulu okuhlala izinsuku ezimbalwa
• Ukuqunjelwa okuqhubekayo okuphezulu kwama-101°F (38.3°C)
• Ukuhlunguluka komlomo okukhulu okwenza kube nzima ukugwinya
• Ama-lymph nodes avuvukile abubuhlungu noma akhula
• Ukuhlunguluka kwekhanda okungaphenduli kubulali bobuhlungu bokudayisa

Thola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uthola ubuhlungu obukhulu ngaphezulu kwesandla sakho sokunxele, ubunzima bokuqeda umoya, noma ukukhathala okukhulu. Lokhu kungase kubonise izinkinga ezinjenge-spleen enkulu noma ezinye izinkinga ezinkulu ezidinga ukunakekelwa ngokushesha.

Ziyini Izingozi Zokuthola I-Mononucleosis?

Izici ezithile zikwenza kube lula ukuthola i-mono, yize noma ubani angayithola kunoma iyiphi iminyaka. Ukuqonda izinga lakho lokuthola ingozi kungakusiza ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele.

Izingozi ezinkulu kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Iminyaka phakathi kweminyaka engu-15-25
• Ukuba ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi njengezikole noma emakolishi
• Ukuba ne-immune system ebuthakathaka
• Amazinga aphezulu engcindezi
• Ukungahlali kahle noma ukudla okungalungile
• Ukwabelana ngezinto zakho siqu njengezinsiza noma izitsha

Abafundi basekolishi nabafundi basebasha babhekene nengozi enkulu ngoba bavame ukuhlala ndawonye futhi bangase babelane ngezinsiza noma babe nokuthintana okuthile. Noma kunjalo, abantu abadala abaningi sebeyivele bavele bayibonile i-EBV ngesikhathi sobuntwana futhi bathola ukuvikelwa.

Abantu abane-immune systems ebuthakathaka ezivela ezimweni ezinjenge-HIV, ukwelashwa komdlavuza, noma imithi yokucindezela i-immune system bangase bahlangabezane nezimpawu ezinzima noma kuthathe isikhathi eside ukuphulukana.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingase Zivele NgoMononucleosis?

Nakuba abantu abaningi baphulukana ne-mono ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezihlala njalo, ezinye izingozi zingase zivele. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zenzeke kukusiza ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izimpawu okufanele uzilinde.

Izingozi ezivamile ezingase zivele zihlanganisa:

• I-Spleen enkulu engase iphuke uma ilimala
• Ukuvuvukala kwe-liver okubangela i-jaundice noma ubuhlungu besisu
• Ukutheleleka komlomo okubangelwa yizitsha
• Ukukhathala okukhulu okuhlala izinyanga eziningi
• Ubunzima bokubuyela emazingeni okuqala wemisebenzi

I-Spleen enkulu kubalulekile ukwazi ngoba ingase iphuke uma uhlanganyela emidlalweni yokuxhumana noma ukuphakamisa okuyisikhulu. Kungakho odokotela bavame ukuncoma ukugwema le miqondo izinyanga ezimbalwa.

Izingozi ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zingase zihlanganise izinkinga zenhliziyo, izinkinga zesimiso sezinzwa, noma i-anemia enkulu. Lezi zingozi zivame kakhulu kubantu abane-immune systems ebuthakathaka, kodwa zihlala zingavamile ngokujwayelekile.

Ungayivimba Kanjani I-Mononucleosis?

Nakuba ungayivimba ngokuphelele i-mono, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho ngokwenza ukuhlanzeka okuhle nokuqaphela indlela i-virus esabalala ngayo. Izinyathelo ezilula zihamba ibanga elide.

Nazi izindlela ezisebenzayo zokunciphisa ingozi yakho:

• Gwema ukwabelana ngezinsiza, ukudla, noma izitsha
• Ungabelani ngezinto zakho siqu njengezibuko lokugeza noma i-lip balm
• Geza izandla zakho njalo ngesepu namanzi
• Gwema ukuthintana eduze nabantu abane-mono
• Gcina i-immune system eqinile ngokulala okuhle nokudla
• Lawula amazinga engcindezi ngokuphumelelayo

Uma othile endlini yakho ene-mono, sebenzisa iziglasi zokupha amanzi ezahlukene futhi ugeze izitsha emanzini ashisayo, ane-soap. I-virus ingaphila ezingosini isikhathi esifushane, ngakho ukuhlanza okuvamile kusiza.

Khumbula ukuthi abantu abaningi bahlala bephethe i-EBV ngaphandle kwezimpawu, ngakho ukuvimbela okuphelele akuvamile ukwenzeka. Gxila ekuqondeni impilo yakho jikelele ukuze usize umzimba wakho ukulwa nezifo lapho zivele.

I-Mononucleosis Ixilongwa Kanjani?

Ukuxilonga i-mono kuvame ukuhlanganisa ukuhlola izimpawu zakho, ukwenza ukuhlolwa komzimba, nokusebenzisa izivivinyo zegazi ezithile. Udokotela wakho uzobheka izimpawu ezibonakalayo futhi aqinisekise ngemiphumela yelabhorethri.

Ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakho, udokotela wakho uzohlola ama-lymph nodes avuvukile, ahlole umlomo wakho, futhi azwe isisu sakho ukuhlola i-spleen enkulu noma i-liver. Bazobabuza futhi ngezimpawu zakho nemisebenzi yakamuva.

Izivivinyo ezivamile zihlanganisa ukubalwa kwegazi okuphelele ukuze ubone ama-white blood cells amaningi kanye ne-monospot test ethola ama-antibodies umzimba wakho awenza ngokumelene ne-EBV. Ngezinye izikhathi kudingeka ezinye izivivinyo uma imiphumela ingacaci.

Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho angase ayalele izivivinyo ezithile ze-EBV antibody noma izivivinyo zezinye izifo ezingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo. Lokhu kusiza ukuqonda ukuthi yini ebangela ukugula kwakho futhi kuqondise izinqumo zokwelapha.

Iyini Indlela Yokwelapha I-Mononucleosis?

Ayikho indlela ethile yokwelapha i-antiviral ye-mono, ngakho ukunakekelwa kugxile ekusizeni umzimba wakho ukulwa nokutheleleka ngokwemvelo ngenkathi uphatha izimpawu. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngokunakekelwa okusekayo.

Uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha luzohlanganisa lokhu:

• Ukuphumula okuningi nokulala
• Ukuhlala unamanzi amaningi ngamanzi namafutha acacile
• Abulali bobuhlungu bokudayisa njenge-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen
• Ama-throat lozenges noma ukugcoba amanzi ashisayo ane-salt ukuze uphulukise ukuhlunguluka komlomo
• Ukugwema utshwala ukuze uvikele i-liver yakho
• Ukubuyela kancane emisebenzini evamile njengoba uzizwa ukhulu

Udokotela wakho uzoncoma ukugwema imidlalo yokuxhumana nokuphakamisa okuyisikhulu okungenani inyanga ukuvimbela ukuphuka kwe-spleen. Lesi sixwayiso kubalulekile ngisho noma uzizwa ukhulu.

Ama-antibiotics ngeke asize i-mono ngoba ibangelwa yi-virus, hhayi izitsha. Noma kunjalo, udokotela wakho angase awabhale uma uthola ukutheleleka okubangelwa yizitsha emgomweni wakho.

Indlela Yokunakekela Wena Ekhaya Ngesikhathi SeMononucleosis?

Ukukhathalela ekhaya kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuphulukiseni kwakho i-mono. Ukuthatha izinyathelo ezifanele kungakusiza uzizwe ukhululekile futhi kwenze inqubo yokwelapha yakho isheshe.

Gxilisa kulezi zindawo eziyinhloko zokunakekelwa kwakho:

• Lala njengoba umzimba wakho udinga, ngisho noma kungamahora angu-12+ nsuku zonke
• Phuza amanzi amaningi, ikakhulukazi amanzi nama-broths ashisayo
• Dle ukudla okuthambile, okulula ukugwinya njenge-yogurt, ama-smoothies, nama-soups
• Sebenzisa i-cool-mist humidifier ukuze uphulukise ukuhlunguluka komlomo
• Gcoba amanzi ashisayo ukuze uphulukise ubuhlungu bemisipha
• Gwema ukuzivocavoca okunzima kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho ekukhulula

Lalela umzimba wakho futhi ungaziphoqi ukubuyela emisebenzini evamile ngokushesha kakhulu. Abantu abaningi bathola ukuthi ukuzama ukwenza okuningi kakhulu ngokushesha kubangela ukubuyela emuva nezikhathi zokwelapha ezinde.

Dala indawo ekhululekile yokuphumula ngokukhanya okunciphile, izinga lokushisa elikhululekile, nomculo omncane. Umzimba wakho usebenza kanzima ukulwa nokutheleleka, futhi ukuphumula okuhle kusekela le nqubo.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuvakasha Kwenu Kudoctor?

Ukulungiselela ukuvakasha kwakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kakhulu nokunakekelwa okufanele. Ukuba nolwazi olufanele okulungile kungenza ukuvakasha kwakho kube nomphumela.

Ngaphambi kokuya kudokotela, bhala phansi:

• Lapho izimpawu zakho zaqala nokuthi zishintshe kanjani
• Yonke imithi nezinye izinto ozithatha njengamanje
• Ukuhamba kwakamuva noma ukuthintana nokugula
• Imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho
• Indlela izimpawu zakho ezikuthinta ngayo impilo yakho yansuku zonke
• Izindlela zokwelapha zasekhaya noma izindlela ozizame

Letha uhlu lwezimpawu zakho zamanje, ngisho noma zibonakala zingahlobene. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuxhumana akucaci, futhi ulwazi oluphelele lusiza udokotela wakho ukwenza ukuxilongwa okulungile.

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ukuze akusize ukukhumbula ulwazi, ikakhulukazi uma uzizwa ukhathele kakhulu noma ungaphili kahle. Bangakusiza futhi ukukushayela ekhaya uma kudingeka.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko NgoMononucleosis?

I-Mononucleosis iyisifo esivamile esibangelwa yi-virus esibangela ukukhathala okukhulu, ukuhlunguluka komlomo, nama-lymph nodes avuvukile, kodwa abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngokuphumula okuhle nokunakekelwa. Nakuba kungase kube yinto ecasulayo ukuzizwa ukhathele amasonto amaningi, umzimba wakho uzolwa nokutheleleka ngokwemvelo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukubheka ngesineke ekuphulukiseni kwakho kubalulekile. Ukuzama ukubuyela emisebenzini evamile ngokushesha kuvame ukubangela ukubuyela emuva nezimpawu ezinde.

Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele, ukwelashwa ekhaya, nokuphumula okuningi, ungalindela ukuzizwa ukhulu phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa kuya ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Isipiliyoni, nakuba singathandeki, asivami ukubangela izinkinga zempilo ezihlala njalo.

Imibuzo Evamile NgoMononucleosis

I-Mono ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Abantu abaningi bazizwa bekhulu kakhulu phakathi kwamasonto angu-2-4, yize ukukhathala kungase kuhlale izinyanga eziningi. Izimpawu ezinzima njengokuqunjelwa nokuhlunguluka komlomo zivame ukuqeda kuqala, ngenkathi amazinga kwamandla angase athathe isikhathi eside ukubuyela ezingeni elijwayelekile. Isikhathi sokuphulukana sabo bonke sihlukile, ngakho ungakhathazeki uma sakho singafani nezinye izipiliyoni.

Ungayithola yini i-mono ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa?

I-mono yangempela ebangelwa yi-EBV ivame ukwenzeka kanye kuphela ngoba umzimba wakho uthola ukuvikelwa. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izifo zingabangela izimpawu ezifana ne-mono, ngakho ungase uhlangabezane nezifo ezifanayo kamuva. Uma ucabanga ukuthi une-mono futhi, bheka udokotela wakho ukuze ubone ukuthi yini ebangela izimpawu zakho.

Ingabe i-mono iyadluliselwa futhi ihlala isikhathi esingakanani?

Yebo, i-mono idluliselwa nge-saliva nama-droplets e-respiratory. Uyaqheleka kakhulu ngenkathi unezimpawu, ikakhulukazi ukuqunjelwa. Abanye abantu bangasabalalisa i-virus izinyanga ngemuva kokuzwa bekhulu, yize ingozi inciphisa kakhulu. Odokotela abaningi bancoma ukugwema ukuthintana eduze nokwabelana ngezinto siqu kuze kube yilapho ungenawo umkhuhlane okungenani amahora angu-24.

Ngingabuyela nini emidlalweni noma ekuzivocavoca?

Kufanele ugweme imidlalo yokuxhumana nokuphakamisa okuyisikhulu okungenani amasonto angu-4-6 noma kuze kube yilapho udokotela wakho eqinisekisa ukuthi i-spleen yakho ibuyiselwe esimeni sayo esijwayelekile. Ukuzivocavoca okulula njengokuhamba kuvame ukubuyela lapho uzizwa ukhulu, kodwa lalela umzimba wakho futhi wandise umsebenzi kancane kancane. Ukubuyela ngokushesha kubangela izingozi ezinkulu.

Ingabe i-mono ingathinta i-liver yami unomphela?

I-mono ingabangela ukuvuvukala kwe-liver okwesikhashana, kodwa ukulimala okungapheli kuyavamile kakhulu kubantu abaphilile. Umsebenzi we-liver yakho uvame ukubuyela esimeni sayo esijwayelekile njengoba uphulukana nokutheleleka. Udokotela wakho angase alandelele umsebenzi we-liver yakho ngezivivinyo zegazi uma uthola izimpawu ezinjenge-jaundice noma ubuhlungu besisu, kodwa abantu abaningi abanawo umphumela ohlala njalo.