Umphulukana Lomlomo Yini? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Umphulukana womlomo, obizwa nangokuthi umphulukana womlomo, kwenzeka lapho amaseli emlonyeni wakho ekhula ngokungajwayelekile futhi akha iziphunga. Lolu hlobo lomphulukana lungathuthukiswa noma kuphi ngaphakathi emlonyeni wakho, kufaka phakathi izindebe zakho, ulimi, amagciwane, izikhwephu, noma ophahleni naphansi komlomo wakho.

Nakuba ukuzwa nganoma yimuphi umphulukana kungaba okwesabisayo, umphulukana womlomo uvamise ukwelashwa uma utholakala ngokushesha. Ukuqonda izimpawu nokwazi ukuthi nini kufanele ufuna usizo kungenza umehluko wangempela ekuhambeni kwempilo yakho.

Umphulukana Lomlomo Yini?

Umphulukana womlomo uqala lapho amaseli ajwayelekile e-oral cavity yakho eqala ukushintsha futhi azale ngokungenakulawuleka. La maseli angajwayelekile angakha ama-lumps, ama-sores, noma ama-patches angapholi ngokwabo.

Uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu yi-squamous cell carcinoma, oluqala kumaseli ahlanzekile, abukhali ahlanganisa umlomo wakho. Cabanga ngala maseli njengoba yilayi yokuthi evikela ngaphakathi kwezikhwephu zakho ongasibita ngengozi ngezinye izikhathi.

Umphulukana womlomo ungabonakala ezindaweni ezahlukene ze-oral cavity yakho. Ungathuthukiswa olimini lwakho, okuyindawo evamile kakhulu, noma ungakha ezindebeni zakho, amagciwane, noma ezicini ezithambile ngaphakathi kwezikhwephu zakho.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zomphulukana Lomlomo?

Izimpawu zokuqala zomphulukana womlomo zingaba zimbi futhi zingabonakala njengezinkinga ezivamile zomlomo ekuqaleni. Noma kunjalo, ukunaka izinguquko ezingapheli kubalulekile empilweni yakho.

Nazi izimpawu okufanele uzilinde:

• I-sore noma i-ulcer emlonyeni wakho engapholi ngemva kwamasonto amabili
• I-patch ebomvu noma emhlophe olimini lwakho, amagciwane, noma ukugqoka komlomo
• I-lump noma ukukhuluphala esikhwephu sakho ongayizwa ngolimi lwakho
• Ubuhlungu obuqhubekayo emlonyeni wakho noma olimini
• Ubunzima bokuginya noma ukuzwa sengathi kukhona okuthile olukhuni entanyeni yakho
• Ukuphelelwa yizinzwa emlonyeni wakho noma olimini
• Amazinyo ahlulekile ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile
• Ukushintsha kwezwi lakho noma inkulumo
• Umoya omubi oqhubekayo ongaphuli ngokuhlanzeka okuhle komlomo
• I-lump entanyeni yakho engapheli

Abanye abantu nabo baye baba nezimpawu ezingavamile njengobunhlungu be-jaw, ubuhlungu be-ear, noma ubunzima bokuhambisa i-jaw noma ulimi lwabo. Lezi zimpawu zingenza imisebenzi yansuku zonke njengokudla noma ukukhuluma kube nzima.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba nalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi ukhule umphulukana. Izinkinga eziningi zomlomo zingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo, kodwa kuhlale kuqondakala ukuthi izinguquko eziqhubekayo ziqalekwe yisazi sezokwelapha.

Ziyini Izinhlobo Zomphulukana Lomlomo?

Umphulukana womlomo uza ngezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene, kuye ngokuthi yimaphi amaseli aba yomphulukana. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlobo kungakusiza ukuba ube nezingxoxo ezilwazi kakhulu neqembu lakho lezokwelapha.

I-squamous cell carcinoma yenza cishe u-90% womphulukana womlomo. Lolu hlobo luqala kumaseli abukhali, abukhali ahlanganisa ngaphakathi komlomo wakho, kufana nendlela iphepha lodonga elihlanganisa igumbi.

Ezinye izinhlobo ezingavamile zihlanganisa i-adenocarcinoma, eqala e-salivary glands, ne-lymphoma, ethinta izicubu zesimiso somzimba emlonyeni wakho. I-Melanoma nayo ingase ibonakale ngokungavamile emlonyeni, iqale kumaseli akhiqiza i-pigment.

I-Verrucous carcinoma enye uhlobo olungavamile olukhula kancane futhi lube nobukhulu be-warty. Nakuba lungaphezu kwamanye ama-types, lisadinga ukwelashwa okufanele kwezokwelapha.

Yini Ebanga Umphulukana Lomlomo?

Umphulukana womlomo uthuthuka lapho kukhona okulimaza i-DNA kumaseli emlomo wakho, kubangela ukuba akhule ngokungenakulawuleka. Nakuba singazi ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka, izinto ezithile zingandisa ingozi yakho.

Izimbangela ezinkulu nezici zengozi zihlanganisa:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-tobacco kunoma iyiphi indlela, kufaka phakathi izigqoko, izigqoko, amapayipi, ne-chewing tobacco
• Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kwe-alcohol, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlanganiswa nokusetshenziswa kwe-tobacco
• Ukutheleleka kwe-Human papillomavirus (HPV), ikakhulukazi i-HPV-16
• Ukukhanya okukhulu kwelanga ezindebeni zakho eminyakeni eminingi
• Ukuhlanzeka okubi komlomo nempilo yezinyo
• Ukudla okuncane ezithelo nasezimila
• Ukuqiniswa okuqhubekayo kwamazinyo ahlasimulisayo, izinto zezinyo, noma ukuphinda ubite isikhwephu sakho
• Ubudala, njengoba iningi lomphulukana womlomo luvela kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-40
• Ubulili, amadoda engozi kabili yokuthuthukisa umphulukana womlomo
• Izici ze-genetic nomlando womndeni

Ezinye izimbangela ezingavamile zihlanganisa ukukhanya ezimweni ezithile ze-chemicals noma i-radiation, izimo ze-autoimmune, ne-inherited genetic syndromes. Ukukhahlela i-betel nut, okuvamile kwezinye izinkolo, futhi kukhuphula ingozi kakhulu.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukuba nezici zengozi akusho ukuthi uzokhula ngokuqinisekile umphulukana womlomo. Abantu abaningi abanezici zengozi abazutholi umphulukana, kanti abanye abangenazo izici zengozi ezaziwayo bayazithola.

Nini Okufanele Ubheke Udokotela Ngokomphulukana Lomlomo?

Kufanele ubheke udokotela noma isazi lezinyo uma uqaphela noma yiziphi izinguquko zomlomo ezihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili. Ukutholakala ngokushesha kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekuphumeleleni kokwelashwa nasempumelelweni yakho yonke.

Hlela i-appointment ngokushesha uma une-sore, i-lump, noma i-patch emlonyeni wakho engapholi. Funa nokunakekelwa uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obuqhubekayo, ubunzima bokuginya, noma ukushintsha kwezwi lakho.

Ungalindi uma uqaphela i-lump entanyeni yakho, ikakhulukazi uma ingena buhlungu futhi ingapheli ngemva kwamasonto ambalwa. Ngezinye izikhathi, umphulukana womlomo usakazeka kuma-lymph nodes entanyeni yakho ngaphambi kokuba uqaphele izinkinga emlonyeni wakho.

Uma usebenzisa i-tobacco noma uphuza i-alcohol njalo, cabanga ngokuhlola izinyo okuvamile. Isazi lezinyo lakho lingabona izinguquko zokuqala ngesikhathi sokuhlola okuvamile ongenakuzibona wena.

Ziyini Izici Zengozi Zomphulukana Lomlomo?

Ukuqonda izici zakho zengozi kungakusiza ukuba wenze izinqumo ezilwazi mayelana nempilo yakho nendlela yokuphila. Nakuba ezinye izici zingashintshi, ezinye zilawulwa wena.

Izici eziqine kakhulu zengozi ongaziqondisa zihlanganisa:

• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-tobacco, okwandisa ingozi yakho ngokuphindwe ka-5 kuya ku-25 kuye ngokuthi uyisebenzisa kangakanani
• Ukusetshenziswa kwe-alcohol, ikakhulukazi ngaphezu kwesinye isiphuzo ngosuku kwabesifazane noma amabili kwamadoda
• Ukuhlanzeka okubi komlomo nokunakekelwa kwezinyo okungavamile
• Ukudla okungena izithelo nemifino
• Ukukhanya okukhulu kwelanga ngaphandle kokuthi uvikele izindebe zakho

Izici zengozi ongenakulawula zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala, ngezimo eziningi ezivela ngemva kweminyaka engu-40
• Ubulili, njengoba amadoda ehluleka umphulukana womlomo kabili njengabesifazane
• Ukutheleleka kwe-HPV, nakuba ama-vaccines angasiza ekuvinjeni ezinye izinhlobo
• Umlando womndeni womphulukana
• Izimo ezithile ze-genetic

Ukuba nezici eziningi zengozi kungakhuphula amathuba akho okukhula umphulukana womlomo. Isibonelo, abantu ababili abakhahla futhi baphuza kakhulu banezingozi eziphezulu kakhulu kunalabo abenza okukodwa noma abangakwenzi.

Ziyini Izingozi Ezingase Zenzeke Ngokomphulukana Lomlomo?

Umphulukana womlomo ungabangela izinkinga ezahlukene, kokubili ngumphulukana ngokwawo nangokwelashwa. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zenzeke kungakusiza ukusebenza neqembu lakho lezokwelapha ukuze uzilawule ngokuphumelelayo.

Izingozi zomzimba zingase zihlanganise:

• Ubunzima bokuqeda, ukuginya, noma ukukhuluma
• Ukushintsha kokubonakala kwakho, ikakhulukazi uma kukhona ukucutshungulwa okuyimfuneko
• Umlomo owomile ngenxa yokwelashwa kwe-radiation noma ukucutshungulwa
• Izinkinga zezinyo nokulahleka kwamazinyo
• Ukubhebhetheka komphulukana kuma-lymph nodes aseduze noma kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho
• Ukutheleleka endaweni yokwelashwa
• Ubunzima bokuqeda uma umphulukana uthinta indlela yakho yomoya

Abanye abantu baye baba nezingozi ezingavamile njengokuthi ukugcwala okukhulu, ukonakala okungapheli kwezinzwa okuthinta ukunyakaza kobuso, noma izinkinga ngomsebenzi we-jaw. Lokhu kungenzeka kakhulu ngomphulukana oqalile noma ukwelashwa okukhulu.

Ithonya lokuzwelana alinakucashunwa. Abantu abaningi bazizwa bexakekile, behlushwa ukucindezeleka, noma bakhathazekile ngokubonakala kwabo noma ikhono lokuxhumana ngokujwayelekile. Lezi zizwa ziqondakala futhi zingathathwa.

Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lingasiza ekuvimbeni noma ukulawuleni iningi lezingozi. Ukwelashwa ngokushesha kuvame ukubangela izingozi ezimbalwa nezincane.

Umphulukana Lomlomo Ungavimbeka Kanjani?

Nakuba ungakwazi ukuvimba zonke izimo zomphulukana womlomo, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho ngokwenza izinqumo zempilo ezempilo. Izinguquko ezincane emikhwenyeni yakho yansuku zonke zingenza umehluko omkhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izindlela zokuvimbela eziphumelelayo kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ukuqeda zonke izimpahla ze-tobacco, kufaka phakathi izigqoko, izigqoko, amapayipi, ne-chewing tobacco
• Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwe-alcohol emazingeni aphakathi noma ukuyigwema ngokuphelele
• Ukudla ukudla okunamafutha ezithelo nasezimila
• Ukuqeqesha ukuhlanzeka okuhle komlomo ngokuhlanza okuvamile nokukhipha
• Ukuthola ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwezinyo nokuhlanzeka
• Ukuvikela izindebe zakho ekukhanyeni kwelanga nge-SPF lip balm
• Ukuthola i-vaccine ye-HPV uma ufanelekile
• Ukulungisa amazinyo ahlasimulisayo noma aphukile ahlala elimaza umlomo wakho

Uma usebenzisa i-tobacco njengamanje, ukuyeka kuyisinyathelo esibaluleke kakhulu ongasithatha. Ngisho noma usebenzise i-tobacco iminyaka eminingi, ukuyeka manje kunganciphisa ingozi yakho kakhulu.

Ukuhlola okuvamile kwakho kungasiza ekutholeni ngokushesha. Kanyekanye ngenyanga, buka esibukweni bese uhlola umlomo wakho noma yiziphi izinguquko, ama-sores, noma ama-patches angajwayelekile.

Umphulukana Lomlomo Utholakala Kanjani?

Ukuthola umphulukana womlomo kuvame ukuqala ngokuhlolwa komzimba ngudokotela wakho noma isazi lezinyo. Bazobheka ngokucophelela umlomo wakho, intanyeni, nentanyeni ukuze bahlole noma yiziphi izindawo noma ama-lumps angajwayelekile.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, umlando wezokwelapha, nezici zengozi njengokusetshenziswa kwe-tobacco noma i-alcohol. Bazohlola futhi umlomo wakho usebenzisa ukukhanya ne-mirror encane ukuze babone zonke izindawo ngokucacile.

Uma bethola okuthile okukhathazayo, isinyathelo esilandelayo kuvame ukuba yi-biopsy. Ngalesi senzo, ingxenye encane yesicubu isuswa futhi ihlolwe ngaphansi komkhiqizo ukuze ihlolwe amaseli omphulukana.

Izivivinyo ezengeziwe zingase zihlanganise izifundo zokufana njenge-CT scans, i-MRI, noma i-PET scans ukuze zibone ukuthi umphulukana usakazeke yini. Lezi zihloko zisiza ekuqondeni isigaba somphulukana nokuhlela indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu.

Abanye odokotela basebenzisa izibani noma ama-dyes akhethekile ukuze basize ekutholeni izindawo ezingajwayelekile ngesikhathi sokuhlola. Lezi zithuluzi zingenza izindawo ezimbi zibonakale kakhulu futhi ziqondise ukuthi kuphi lapho kufanele kuthathwe khona amasampula e-biopsy.

Ukwelashwa Komphulukana Lomlomo Yini?

Ukuphathwa komphulukana womlomo kuncike ezintweni eziningi, kufaka phakathi usayizi nendawo ye-tumor, ukuthi usakazeke yini, nempilo yakho yonke. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokwakha uhlelo lokwelapha oluqondene nawe.

Izindlela ezinkulu zokwelapha zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlinzwa ukususa i-tumor nezinye izikhathi ama-lymph nodes aseduze
• Ukwelashwa kwe-radiation ukubhubhisa amaseli omphulukana ngezigxobo zamandla aphezulu
• I-Chemotherapy isebenzisa imithi ukubulala amaseli omphulukana kulo lonke umzimba wakho
• Imithi ye-Targeted therapy ehlasela izici ezithile zamaseli omphulukana
• I-Immunotherapy ukusisiza isimiso sakho somzimba ukulwa nomphulukana

Abantu abaningi bathola ukwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe. Isibonelo, ungase ube nokuhlinzwa okulandelelwa ukwelashwa kwe-radiation, noma i-chemotherapy ehlanganiswe ne-radiation.

Umphulukana womlomo wokuqala uvame ukudinga ukwelashwa okuncane futhi unemiphumela emihle. Umphulukana oqalile ungase udinga izindlela zokwelapha ezinamandla, kodwa izindlela eziphumelelayo zisatholakala.

Iqembu lakho lokwelapha lizohlanganisa ochwepheshe abahlukahlukene njengabahlinzwa, i-oncologists, abahlengikazi be-radiation, nabanye abahlinzeki bokuhlengikela abasebenza ndawonye ukukunika ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu.

Indlela Yokwelashwa Ekhaya Ngesikhathi Somphulukana Lomlomo?

Ukuphatha umphulukana womlomo ekhaya kuhilela ukunakekela wena ngesikhathi sokwelashwa nokubuyiselwa. Ukukhathalela okuhle kwakho kungakusiza uzizwe kangcono futhi uphulukise ngokuphumelelayo.

Ukunakekelwa komlomo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa:

• Hlambulula umlomo wakho ngobumnene ngamanzi kasawoti izikhathi eziningi ngosuku
• Sebenzisa i-toothbrush ebushelelezi nebumnene i-toothpaste
• Gwema ama-mouthwashes ane-alcohol
• Hlala uthambile ngokuthatha amanzi usuku lonke
• Dla ukudla okumnene, okunomsoco okungalimazi umlomo wakho
• Gwema ukudla okunoshukela, okunomsoco, noma okukhulu

Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu ekhaya kungase kuhlanganise ukuthatha imithi eyalelwe njengoba kuqondiswe nokusebenzisa ama-ice chips noma ukudla okubandayo ukuze uthambise umlomo wakho. Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi ukukhahlela ama-popsicles angenashukela kusiza ngokungakhululeki.

Ukudla kuba yinto ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Sebenza nodokotela wezondlo ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uthola ama-calories nama-nutrients anele, ngisho noma ukudla kunzima.

Ungangabazi ukuthintana neqembu lakho lezokwelapha uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obukhulu, izimpawu zokutheleleka, ubunzima bokuginya, noma ezinye izimpawu ezikhathazayo. Bakhona ukukusiza kuzo zonke izinyathelo zokwelashwa kwakho.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani I-Appointment Yakho Yedokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-appointment yakho kungakusiza ukuba wenze okuningi ngesikhathi sakho nomhlinzeki wakho wezokwelapha. Ukuba uhleliwe kuzokwenza uqiniseke ukuthi uthola yonke imibuzo yakho iphendulwe futhi unike udokotela wakho ulwazi oluwusizo.

Ngaphambi kwe-appointment yakho, bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani. Phawula futhi noma yiziphi izinto ezenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwazo zonke imithi, amavithamini, nezinye izinto ozithathayo. Faka ama-dosages nokuthi ubathatha kangaki, njengoba ezinye imithi ingathinta impilo yakho yomlomo.

Lungisa uhlu lwemibuzo okumele uyibuze udokotela wakho. Imibuzo ebalulekile ingase ihlanganise ukuthi yiziphi izivivinyo ozidingayo, ukuthi imiphumela isho ukuthini, yiziphi izindlela zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, nokuthi yini okufanele uyilinde ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Cabanga ngokuletha umngani noma ilungu lomndeni othembekile kwi-appointment yakho. Bangakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olukhulu futhi banike ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo ngesikhathi esingase sibe yisikhathi esicindezelayo.

Yini Eyinhloko Yokuthatha Ngokomphulukana Lomlomo?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ngomphulukana womlomo ukuthi ukutholakala ngokushesha kwenza umehluko omkhulu ekuphumeleleni kokwelashwa nasemiphumeleni. Abantu abaningi abanomphulukana womlomo bayaqhubeka bephila impilo egcwele, enempilo lapho umphulukana utholakala futhi welashwa ngokushesha.

Naka izinguquko emlonyeni wakho ezingapheli ngemva kwamasonto amabili, futhi ungangabazi ukufuna iseluleko sezokwelapha. Isazi lezinyo lakho nodokotela bakho bangabalingani bakho ekuqondeni impilo yakho yomlomo.

Ukwenza izinqumo zempilo ezempilo njengokuyeka i-tobacco, ukunciphisa i-alcohol, ukudla ukudla okunomsoco, nokuqeqesha ukuhlanzeka okuhle komlomo kunganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho. Lezi zinyathelo zilula zinethonya eliqinile lokuvikela.

Uma utholakala unomphulukana womlomo, khumbula ukuthi ukwelashwa kuye kwaqhubeka kuqhubeka eminyakeni edlule. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizosisebenza nawe ukwakha uhlelo lokwelapha oluhle kakhulu olufanele isimo sakho esithile.

Imibuzo Evamile Ngokomphulukana Lomlomo

Q1: Ingabe umphulukana womlomo ungapholiswa ngokuphelele?

Yebo, umphulukana womlomo uvamise ukwelashwa, ikakhulukazi uma utholakala ngokushesha. Izinga lokuphila iminyaka emihlanu lomphulukana womlomo wokuqala lingaphezu kuka-80%. Ngisho nezinye izimo eziqalile zingaphathwa ngokuphumelelayo, nakuba amanani okwelashwa angase aphansi. I-prognosis yakho ngokwakho incike ezintweni njengesigaba somphulukana, impilo yakho yonke, nokuthi uphendula kangcono kanjani ekwelapheni.

Q2: Ingabe umphulukana womlomo ubuhlungu?

Umphulukana womlomo ungabangela ubuhlungu, kodwa hhayi njalo ezigabeni zokuqala. Abanye abantu baye baba nobuhlungu obuqhubekayo, kanti abanye bangase babe nama-lumps noma ama-patches angenabuhlungu. Ubuhlungu buvamise ukuba bukhulu njengoba umphulukana uqhubeka. Noma kunjalo, ubuhlungu bodwa akuyona inkomba ethembekile, kungakho kubalulekile ukuba noma yiziphi izinguquko eziqhubekayo zomlomo ziqalekwe, ngisho noma zingena buhlungu.

Q3: Umphulukana womlomo usakazeka ngokushesha kangakanani?

Isilinganiso esakazeka ngaso umphulukana womlomo sihluka kakhulu kumuntu ngamunye. Abanye bomphulukana womlomo bakhula kancane ngezinyanga noma iminyaka, kanti abanye bangasakazeka ngokushesha. Ngokuvamile, ukutholakala ngokushesha nokuphathwa kungavimbela noma kunciphise ukusakazeka. Kungakho ukuhlolwa okuvamile kwezinyo nokukhathalela izinguquko zomlomo kubaluleke kangaka.

Q4: Ingabe abantu abasebancane bangaba nomphulukana womlomo?

Nakuba umphulukana womlomo uvame kakhulu kubantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engu-40, ungase ubonakale kunoma yiliphi iminyaka, kufaka phakathi ebuntwaneni nasebasha. Umphulukana womlomo ohlobene ne-HPV ubonakala ngokuqhubekayo kubantu abasebancane. Abantu abasebancane kufanele futhi baqaphele izinguquko zomlomo futhi baqhubeke nemikhuba yempilo enhle yomlomo, kungakhathaliseki ubudala.

Q5: Ingabe ngizokwazi ukudla nokukhuluma ngokujwayelekile ngemva kokwelashwa komphulukana womlomo?

Abantu abaningi bangabuyela ekudleni nasekukhuzeni ngokujwayelekile ngemva kokwelashwa komphulukana womlomo, nakuba kungase kudingeke isikhathi nokuqeqeshwa. Ubunzima banoma yiziphi izinguquko kuncike endaweni nosayizi womphulukana nohlobo lokwelashwa oluyimfuneko. Ochwepheshe bokukhuluma nokuginya bangakusiza ukuba ufunde kabusha lezi zikghono uma kudingeka. Abantu abaningi bazivumelanisa kahle futhi babuyele ezingeni labo lokuphila.