Uyini i-Multiple Myeloma? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-multiple myeloma uhlobo lomdlavuza wegazi oluthinta amaseli e-plasma e-bone marrow yakho. La maseli e-plasma yizicubu ezimhlophe zegazi ezikhethekile ezivame ukusiza ekuqedeni ukutheleleka ngokwenza ama-antibodies. Uma une-multiple myeloma, la maseli aba yomdlavuza futhi azala ngokungenakulawuleka, egcwalisa amaseli egazi anempilo futhi ebuthakathaka isimiso sakho sokuvikela.

Lo mdlavuza uthola igama lakhe ngoba ngokuvamile uthinta izindawo eziningi ze-bone marrow kulo lonke umzimba wakho. Nakuba kuzwakala kukhulu, ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani emzimbeni wakho kungakusiza uzizwe ulungile futhi unamandla okusebenzisana neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-multiple myeloma?

Izimpawu ze-multiple myeloma zivame ukuvela kancane kancane futhi kungaba lula ukuziphatha njengezinye izimo. Abantu abaningi ababonisi izimpawu ezingxenyeni zokuqala, okuvamile ngokuphelele ngalolu hlobo lomdlavuza.

Izimpawu ezivame kakhulu ongazihlangabezana nazo zihlanganisa:

• Ubuhlungu lwamathambo - Ngokuvamile luzwakala emhlane, ezinqeni, noma ezinqenqeni, futhi lungaba sibi kakhulu uma uthuthuka
• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka - Ukuzizwa ukhathele kakhulu ngisho nangemva kokupumula
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile - Ukugula kaningi kunokujwayelekile
• Ukukhwelana noma ukuphuza kalula - Izibazi ezivela ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile
• Ukuphefumula buhlungu - Ukuphefumula kunzima ngesikhathi semisebenzi evamile
• Ukuthanda kakhulu ukunisela nokuphuza - Ukudinga ukunisela nokuphuza kaningi

Abanye abantu bangase bazwe izimpawu ezingavamile njengokulahlekelwa isisindo okungachazeki, isicanucanu, noma ukudideka. Lezi zimpawu zenzeka ngoba umdlavuza uthinta ikhono lomzimba wakho lokwenza amaseli egazi anempilo nokugcina amazinga e-calcium ajwayelekile.

Khumbula, ukuba nalezi zimpawu akusho ukuthi une-multiple myeloma. Izimo eziningi zingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo, ngakho kubalulekile ukuxoxa nganoma yiziphi izimpawu eziqhubekayo nodokotela wakho.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-multiple myeloma?

I-multiple myeloma ihlelwa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ngokusekelwe ekuqineni kwayo nokuthi amaprotheni amaseli omdlavuza akhiqiza. Ukuqonda uhlobo lwakho oluthile kusiza udokotela wakho ukukhetha indlela yokwelapha engcono kakhulu kuwe.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zihlanganisa:

• I-Smoldering multiple myeloma - Uhlobo olukhula kancane olungase lungadingi ukwelashwa ngokushesha
• I-Active multiple myeloma - Uhlobo oluvamile kakhulu oludinga ukwelashwa
• I-Plasma cell leukemia - Uhlobo olungavamile, oluqine kakhulu lapho amaseli omdlavuza ehamba egazini
• I-Solitary plasmacytoma - Umdlavuza othinta indawo eyodwa yethambo noma ithishu

Udokotela wakho uzohlela i-myeloma yakho ngokusekelwe ekuthini amaprotheni akhiqiza, njenge-IgG, IgA, noma i-light chain kuphela. Lolu lwazi lusiza ekuqondeni ukuthi umdlavuza ungaziphatha kanjani futhi uphendule ekwelapheni.

Yini ebangela i-multiple myeloma?

Imbangela eqondile ye-multiple myeloma ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi ithuthuka lapho amaseli e-plasma ehlangabezana nezinguquko ze-genetic ezenza akhule ngokungenakulawuleka. Lezi zinguquko ngokuvamile zenzeka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi futhi azilona into ongayivimba noma uyilawule.

Izici eziningi zingase zifake isandla kulezi zinguquko zamaseli:

• Ubudala - Abantu abaningi abaxilongwe baneminyaka engaphezu kwengu-60
• Ubulili - Amadoda anethuba elikhulu lokuba athole kunabesifazane
• Uhlanga - Abantu base-Afrika Amerika banethuba elingaba kabili kunamaqembu amanye
• Izifo zamaseli e-plasma zangaphambili - Ukuba nezimo ezinjenge-MGUS kukhuphula ingozi
• Ukuvezwa kugaraji - Amazinga aphezulu egaraji angase akhuphule ingozi
• Ukuvezwa ezimpahleni - Ezinye izifundo zikhomba ukuxhumana nezinye izinambuzane noma izixazululi

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi i-multiple myeloma ayithatheki futhi ayidluliselwa kubazali kubantwana. Nakuba imindeni eminye ingase ibe nengozi encane, iningi lamacala livela kubantu abangenalo umlando womndeni wesifo.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-multiple myeloma?

Kufanele ucabange ukuya kudokotela uma uhlangabezana nobuhlungu obungapheli lwamathambo, ikakhulukazi emhlane noma ezinqeni, obungaphuli ngokuphumula noma ngezinhlungu zokunciphisa ubuhlungu ezithengiswa ngaphandle kwesikripthi. Lokhu ngokuvamile kuyisayensi yokuqala nevamile kakhulu yokuthi kukhona okuthile okudingayo ukunakekelwa.

Ezinye izimpawu ezidinga ukuvakashelwa kudokotela zihlanganisa:

• Ukukhathala okungachazeki okuhlanganisa nemisebenzi yansuku zonke
• Ukutheleleka okuvamile noma izifo ezibukeka zide kakhulu kunokujwayelekile
• Ukukhwelana noma ukuphuza kalula ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile
• Ukuphefumula okungapheli
• Ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki
• Ukuthanda kakhulu ukunisela kuhlanganiswe nokuphuza kaningi

Ungakhathazeki ngokubonakala uqaphile kakhulu. Udokotela wakho angathanda ukuhlola izimpawu eziphuma zibe zinhle kunokushiya into ebalulekile. Ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokuphathwa ngokuvamile kuholela emiphumeleni emihle.

Uma unezingozi ezinjengomlando womndeni wama-blood cancers noma ukuxilongwa kwangaphambili kwe-MGUS, xoxa ngokubeka iliso njalo nodokotela wakho.

Ziyini izingozi ze-multiple myeloma?

Izingozi yizici ezingase zikhuphule amathuba akho okuba ne-multiple myeloma, kodwa ukuba nazo akusho ukuthi uzoba nesifo ngokuqinisekile. Abantu abaningi abanezingozi abazutholi umdlavuza, kanti abanye abangenazo izingozi ezaziwayo bayazithola.

Izingozi ezibaluleke kakhulu zihlanganisa:

• Ubudala obungaphezu kuka-60 - Ubudala obuvamile besikhathi sokutholakala cishe yi-70
• Ubulili besilisa - Amadoda anethuba elikhulu kunabesifazane
• Uhlanga lwase-Afrika Amerika - Cishe kabili ingozi uma kuqhathaniswa namanye amaqembu
• I-MGUS (monoclonal gammopathy) - Lesi simo esingaluthi siqhubekela e-myeloma cishe ku-1% yamacala ngonyaka
• Ukukhuluphala - Ukuba sisisindo esikhulu kakhulu kungase kukhuphule ingozi
• Ukuvezwa kugaraji - Izilinganiso eziphezulu ezivela ekwelapheni kwezokwelapha noma ukuvezwa emsebenzini

Ezinye izingozi ezingavamile zihlanganisa ukuvezwa ezimpahleni ezithile ezinjenge-benzene noma imikhiqizo yepetroleum, nokuhlangabezana nezinye izifo zamaseli e-plasma. Ingxenye encane yamacala ingase ibe nezingxenye ze-genetic, kodwa lokhu kuyavamile.

Khumbula, abantu abaningi abanezi zingozi abazutholi i-multiple myeloma. Lezi zici zisiza nje odokotela ukuqonda ukuthi ubani ongazuza ekuqapheleni eduze.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ze-multiple myeloma?

I-multiple myeloma ingathinta izingxenye ezahlukene zomzimba wakho ngoba ihlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kwamaseli egazi ajwayelekile nempilo yamathambo. Ukuqonda izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke kusiza wena neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukubuka izimpawu zokuqapha nokuxazulula izinkinga ngokushesha.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo zihlanganisa:

• Izinkinga zamathambo - Amathambo abuthakathaka aholela ekuphazamisekeni noma ebuhlungwini obukhulu
• Ukonakala kwesibindi - Amaprotheni angavamile angalimaza umsebenzi wesibindi
• I-Anemia - Inani eliphansi lamaseli egazi ebomvu ebangela ukukhathala nobuthakathaka
• Ukutheleleka - Isimiso sokuvikela esibuthakathaka esikwenza ube sengozini yokugula
• Amazinga aphezulu e-calcium - Angabangela ukudideka, izinkinga zesibindi, nezinkinga zokuthinta kwenhliziyo
• Izinkinga zokopha - Inani eliphansi le-platelet eholela ekukhwelaneni noma ekuphazameni kalula

Izinhlanganisela ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zihlanganisa ukucindezelwa komgogodla ngenxa yomonakalo wamathambo, ama-blood clots, nokuhluleka okukhulu kwesibindi okudinga i-dialysis. Abanye abantu bangase bathuthukise ama-cancers okwesibili kamuva, nakuba lokhu kuyavamile.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukwelashwa kwamanje kunciphise kakhulu ingozi yezinhlanganisela eziningi. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lizokubeka iliso eduze futhi lithathe izinyathelo zokuvimbela noma ukwelapha izinhlanganisela njengoba zivela.

I-multiple myeloma ingavimbeka kanjani?

Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela eyiqiniso yokuvimbela i-multiple myeloma njengoba singaqondi ngokuphelele ukuthi yini ebangela izinguquko ze-genetic eziholela kulomdlavuza. Iningi lezingozi, njengobudala ne-genetics, liphezu kolawulo lwakho.

Kodwa-ke, ungathatha izinyathelo zokusekela impilo yakho yonke futhi wenze kube lula ukunciphisa ingozi yakho:

• Gcina isisindo esinempilo - Ukukhuluphala kungase kukhuphule ingozi, ngakho ukuhlala unesindo esinempilo kungasiza
• Limita ukuvezwa kugaraji - Gwema ukwenza izithombe zezokwelapha okungadingeki uma kungenzeka
• Zivikele ezimpahleni - Sebenzisa imishini yokuphepha uma usebenza nezinto ezingase zibe yingozi
• Thola ukuhlolwa njalo - Kubaluleke kakhulu uma une-MGUS noma umlando womndeni
• Hlala unolwazi - Funda ngezimpawu ukuze ucele usizo ngokushesha uma kudingeka

Uma une-MGUS, sebenzisana eduze nodokotela wakho ukuze uqaphe isimo sakho. Nakuba abantu abaningi abane-MGUS abazutholi i-myeloma, ukuqapha njalo kungabamba noma yiziphi izinguquko ngokushesha.

Gxila kulokho ongalulawula: ukugcina impilo enhle yonke, ukuhlala unolwazi ngomzimba wakho, nokukhahlela ubudlelwano obuqinile neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

I-multiple myeloma ixilongwa kanjani?

Ukutholakala kwe-multiple myeloma kuhilela ukuhlolwa okuningi ngoba odokotela kudingeka baqinisekise ukuba khona kwamaseli omdlavuza futhi baqonde ukuthi isifo sithinta kanjani umzimba wakho. Inqubo ingase ibukeke ikhulu, kodwa yonke i-test inikeza ulwazi olubalulekile ecebeni lakho lokwelapha.

Udokotela wakho cishe uzoqala ngokuhlolwa kwegazi ukuhlola amaprotheni angavamile nokulinganisa inani lamaseli egazi akho. Lezi zivivinyo zingaveza ama-marker amaprotheni amakhulu amaseli e-myeloma akhiqiza.

Ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa:

• I-Bone marrow biopsy - Isampula encane ethathwe emathanjeni akho ukuhlola amaseli e-plasma ngokuqondile
• Izifundo zokutholakala - I-X-rays, i-CT scans, noma i-MRI ukuhlola ukuphazamiseka kwamathambo
• Ukuhlolwa kwamathumbu - Ukuthola amaprotheni angavamile angase athinte umsebenzi wesibindi
• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile - Kuhlanganise i-immunofixation kanye nokuhlaziywa kwe-light chain

Udokotela wakho angase futhi enze ukuhlolwa ukuhlola umsebenzi wesibindi sakho, amazinga e-calcium, kanye nempilo yonke. Lokhu kusiza ekuqondeni isigaba sesifo sakho nokukhomba izinqumo zokwelapha.

Inqubo yokuxilongwa ngokuvamile ithatha amasonto ambalwa njengoba imiphumela ibuyela futhi iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo libuke konke ulwazi ndawonye. Lokhu kuqonda ngokucophelela kuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola ukwelashwa okufanele kakhulu esimweni sakho esithile.

Uyini ukwelashwa kwe-multiple myeloma?

Ukwelashwa kwe-multiple myeloma kuye kwaqhubeka kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, kunikeza abantu abaningi ithuba lokuhlala kahle nale simo. Icebo lakho lokwelapha lizokwenziwa ngokukhethekile ngokusekelwe ebudaleni bakho, impilo yonke, kanye nezici ezikhethekile zomdlavuza wakho.

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokwelapha zihlanganisa:

• Imithi yokwelapha ehloselwe - Imithi ehlomula ngokuqondile amaseli omdlavuza
• I-Immunotherapy - Ukwelashwa okusiza isimiso sakho sokuvikela ukulwa nomdlavuza
• I-Chemotherapy - Imithi yomdlavuza yendabuko ebulala amaseli ahlukanisayo ngokushesha
• I-Corticosteroids - Imithi enamandla yokulwa nokuvuvukala engabulala amaseli e-myeloma
• I-Stem cell transplant - Ingase icelwe kubantu abasebasha, abanezempilo
• I-Radiation therapy - Isebenza ekwelapheni izindawo ezithile zobuhlungu noma ukonakala kwamathambo

Abantu abaningi bathola ukwelashwa okuhlanganisiwe okusebenza ndawonye ngokuphumelelayo kunokuthi imithi eyodwa. Udokotela wakho angase acele ukuqala ngendlela eyodwa bese ushintshela kwabanye uma kudingeka.

Ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngezigaba, ngezikhathi zokwelashwa okuqhubekayo okulandelelwa izikhathi zokuphumula. Lendlela ikusiza umzimba wakho ukuba uphumule ngenkathi ulwa nomdlavuza ngokuphumelelayo.

Indlela yokuphatha izimpawu ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-multiple myeloma?

Ukuphatha i-multiple myeloma ekhaya kuhilela ukunakekela kokubili izimpawu zomzimba nokuphila kwengqondo. Izindlela ezilula zingenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni ozizwa ngayo usuku nosuku.

Ngobuhlungu lwamathambo nokukhathala, cabanga ngalezi zindlela:

• Ukuzivocavoca okulula - Ukuhamba noma ukwelula okulula kungasiza ekugcineni amandla amathambo namandla
• Ukuphathwa kobuhlungu - Sebenzisana nodokotela wakho ukuthola izinketho zokunciphisa ubuhlungu eziphumelelayo
• Phumula uma kudingeka - Lalela umzimba wakho futhi ungaphuli ngokukhathala okukhulu
• Ukudla okufanele - Dlala ukudla okulinganiselayo ukuze usekele isimiso sakho sokuvikela namandla
• Hlala unamanzi - Phuza amanzi amaningi ukuze usize izibindi zakho ukuba zisebenze kahle
• Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka - Geza izandla njalo futhi gwema izixuku ngesikhathi sokwelashwa

Ukusekelwa kwengqondo kubaluleke kakhulu. Cabanga ngokujoyina amaqembu okusekela, ukukhuluma nabacebisi, noma ukuxhumana nabanye abaqonda ukuthi uhamba ngani.

Gcina idayari yezimpawu ukuze uqaphe ukuthi yini esiza futhi yini engasizi. Lolu lwazi lungaba lubalulekile eqenjini lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ekulungiseni icebo lakho lokwelapha.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukuvakashelwa kwakho kudokotela kungakusiza ukwenza kakhulu isikhathi sakho ndawonye futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi uthola izimpendulo zemibuzo yakho ebaluleke kakhulu. Ukulungiselela kancane kuhamba ibanga elikhulu ekuzizweni uqinile futhi unolwazi.

Ngaphambi kwe-appointment yakho, butha lolu lwazi:

• Uhlu oluphelele lwezimpawu - Bhala zonke izimpawu, lapho zaqala khona, nokuthi zinkulu kangakanani
• Uhlu lwemithi - Faka yonke imithi yokwelapha, imithi ethengiswa ngaphandle kwesikripthi, kanye nezinhlanganisela
• Umlando womndeni wezokwelapha - Qaphela noma yimaphi ama-blood cancers noma izimo ezinhlobene kubantu bomndeni
• Imiphumela yokuhlolwa yangaphambili - Letha amakhophi omsebenzi wegazi wakamuva noma izifundo zokutholakala
• Ulwazi lwe-inshorensi - Yiba namakhadi akho kanye nephepha olufanele

Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza. Ungakhathazeki ngokuba nemibuzo eminingi kakhulu - iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lifuna ukukusiza uqonde isimo sakho.

Cabanga ngokuletha umngani othembekile noma ilungu lomndeni ukuze likusize ukukhumbula ulwazi olubalulekile futhi linike ukusekelwa kwengqondo. Abantu abaningi bayithola i-helpful ukuba nomuntu omunye ohlala ezwa futhi abhale ngesikhathi se-appointments zezokwelapha.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu nge-multiple myeloma?

I-multiple myeloma umdlavuza wegazi obukhulu kodwa ophatheka kakhulu othinta amaseli e-plasma e-bone marrow yakho. Nakuba ukuthola lo mxilongo kungase kuzwakale kukhulu, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ukwelashwa kuye kwaqhubeka kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva, futhi abantu abaningi bahlala impilo ezele, esebenzayo nale simo.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukwenza icebo lokwelapha elifanele kuwe. Isipiliyoni sabo bonke abantu nge-multiple myeloma sihlukile, futhi ukwelashwa kungalungiswa ngokusekelwe endleleni obuyisayo nendlela ozizwa ngayo.

Khumbula ukuthi ukuba ne-multiple myeloma akukukhombi. Ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele, ukusekelwa abathandekayo, nokunakekelwa impilo yakho yonke, ungaqhubeka ujabulela imisebenzi nezinxazonxazo ezibalulekile.

Hlala unolwazi, buza imibuzo, futhi ungangabazi ukufuna ukusekelwa uma ukudinga. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo, umndeni, abangane, namaqembu okusekela konke kuyizinto ezibalulekile kule ndlela.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo nge-multiple myeloma

Ingabe i-multiple myeloma ihlala ibulawa?

I-multiple myeloma umdlavuza obukhulu, kodwa ayilona ihlala ibulawa ngokushesha. Abantu abaningi bahlala iminyaka noma ngisho nemashumi eminyaka ngokwelashwa okufanele. I-outlook iye yaqhubeka kakhulu ngokwelashwa okusha, futhi abanye abantu bafinyelela ekuphumuleni isikhathi eside. I-prognosis yakho siqu ixhomeke ezintweni eziningi kuhlanganise ubudala bakho, impilo yonke, nendlela umdlavuza wakho opendula ngayo ekwelapheni.

Ingabe i-multiple myeloma ingaphiliswa ngokuphelele?

Okwamanje, i-multiple myeloma ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengengaphiliswa, kodwa iyakwelashwa kakhulu. Abantu abaningi bafinyelela ekuphumuleni okuphelele, okusho ukuthi azikho izimpawu zomdlavuza ezingatholakala emzimbeni wabo. Ngisho noma umdlavuza ubuyela, ngokuvamile uphendula kahle ekwelapheni futhi. Ucwaningo luyaqhubeka, futhi ukwelashwa okusha kuyaqhubeka nokukhulisa ukuphila nokwenza impilo ibe ngcono.

Ubani ongahlala isikhathi esingakanani ene-multiple myeloma?

Ukuphila kuyahluka kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu bahlala iminyaka eminingi bene-multiple myeloma, kanti abanye bangase babe nesikhathi esifushane. Izici ezinjengobudala besikhathi sokutholakala, impilo yonke, izici ezikhethekile ze-genetic zomdlavuza, nokuphendula ekwelapheni konke kuchaphazela imiphumela. Udokotela wakho anganikeza ulwazi oluqondile ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho siqu.

Ingabe i-multiple myeloma ihamba emindenini?

I-multiple myeloma ayivamile ukuhamba emindenini. Nakuba ukuba nelungu lomndeni oluseduze elinesifo kungase kukhuphule kancane ingozi yakho, iningi lamacala livela kubantu abangenalo umlando womndeni. Uma ukhathazekile ngomlando womndeni, xoxa nodokotela wakho, kodwa khumbula ukuthi abantu abaningi abanezihlobo ezazi-myeloma abazutholi lesi sifo.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-multiple myeloma nama-blood cancers amanye?

I-multiple myeloma ithinta ngokuqondile amaseli e-plasma e-bone marrow, kanti amanye ama-blood cancers njenge-leukemia, i-lymphoma, ne-myelodysplastic syndromes athinta izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaseli egazi. Uhlobo ngalunye lunezimpawu, izimpawu, nezindlela zokwelapha ezihlukile. I-multiple myeloma ikhethekile endleleni ethinta ngayo amathambo futhi ikhiqize amaprotheni angavamile angatholakala egazini nasekuhlolweni kwamathumbu.