Iyini i-Mumps? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

I-Mumps iwukutheleleka okuhambisana ne-viral okubangela ukukhula okuhlungu kwamagxathu okukhipha umdlavuza, ikakhulu lawo asekufuphi nezinzwa zakho ne-jaw. Lokhu kutheleleka kuqala kubathinte abantwana, nakuba abantu abadala bangakuthola futhi uma bengakaqhambi noma bangakaze batheleleke.

Leli simo siyasakazeka kalula ngezintuli zomoya lapho umuntu one-mumps ekhwehlela, ethi, noma ekhuluma. Nakuba i-mumps yayivame kakhulu ngaphambili, ukuqhamba okubanzi kwenze yaba mncane kakhulu emazweni amaningi namuhla.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-mumps?

Uphawu olukhulu lwe-mumps yilokhu kukhula okuhlungu, kwamagxathu okukhipha umdlavuza okwenza ubuso bakho bukhule, ikakhulu ngase-jaw nasezinzwini. Lokhu kukhula kuvame ukuvela ngakwesinye noma womabili uhlangothi lobuso bakho futhi kungenza kudleke, kunathe, noma kube nzima ukukhuluma.

Ngaphambi kokuba kukhule okuphawulekayo kuvele, ungase ube nezibonakaliso zokuqala eziningi ezingakusiza ukuthi uqaphele ukutheleleka:

• Ukuqina, kuvame ukufinyelela ku-101-103°F (38-39°C)
• Ubuhlungu bekhanda nokubukeka okubi
• Ubuhlungu bemisipha emzimbeni wakho wonke
• Ukwehliswa kokudla
• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka
• Ubuhlungu lapho uqambula noma uginya
• Ubunzima bokuvula umlomo wakho ngokugcwele

Ukukhula kuvame ukuphakama phakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-1-3 futhi kungathatha izinsuku eziyi-10 ngokuphelele. Abantu abaningi baqala ukuzizwa bephilile njengoba ukukhula kuya phansi, nakuba ukululama okuphelele kungathatha amasonto ambalwa.

Yini ebangela i-mumps?

I-Mumps ibangelwa yi-mumps virus, eyingxenye yomndeni we-viruses ebizwa nge-paramyxoviruses. Le virus iqondene ngqo namagxathu akho okukhipha umdlavuza, ibangela ukuvuvukala nokukhula okucacisa leli simo.

Le virus isakazeka kumuntu komunye ngezintuli zomoya. Lapho umuntu one-mumps ekhwehlela, ethi, ekhuluma, noma ephuma umoya ngamandla, ukhulula izintuli ezincane eziphethe le virus emoyeni. Ungathola i-mumps ngokuphefumula lezi zintuli noma ngokuthinta izinto ezingcolile bese uthinta ubuso bakho.

Abantu abane-mumps banesifo esinamandla kusukela ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-2 ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zivele kuze kube izinsuku ezingaba ngu-5 ngemuva kokuba ukukhula kuqale. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umuntu angasakaza le virus ngisho nangaphambi kokuba azi ukuthi ugula, kungakho i-mumps ingasakazeka ngokushesha ezikoleni, emakamelweni okuhlala, noma kwezinye izindawo lapho abantu behlala eduze.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-mumps?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma ucinga ukuthi une-mumps, ikakhulu uma uqaphela ukukhula kobukhulu bokuphawuleka ebusweni kanye nokuqina. Ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukunakekelwa okufanele nokuvimbela ukusakazeka kokutheleleka kwabanye.

Funani usizo lwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma wena noma ingane yakho inezimpawu eziningi ezinobukhulu:

• Ubuhlungu bekhanda obukhulu kanye nokuqina kwentamo
• Ukuqina okuphezulu ngaphezu kuka-103°F (39.4°C)
• Ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu
• Ubuhlungu be-testicular noma ukukhula kumadoda
• Izinkinga zokuzwa noma ubuhlungu bezinzwa
• Ubunzima bokuhlala uphapheme noma ukudideka
• Ukugabha okuqhubekayo

Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa izinkinga ezidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha kwezokwelapha. Unganqikazi ukubiza udokotela wakho uma ukhathazekile nganoma yiziphi izimpawu, njengoba bangakunikeza isiqondiso esifanele isimo sakho.

Ziyini izinto ezingaholela ekutholeni i-mumps?

Ingozi yakho yokuthola i-mumps ixhomeke kakhulu esimweni sakho sokuqhamba nokudalulwa kule virus. Abantu abangakaqambi i-MMR (i-measles, i-mumps, i-rubella) banezingozi eziphezulu zokutheleleka.

Izinto eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuthola i-mumps:

• Ukuba awuqhambile noma awuqhambanga ngokuphelele
• Ukuba uzelwe ngaphambi kuka-1957 (lapho ukuqhamba kwakungelona yinto evamile)
• Ukuphila ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi njengezikole noma amabutho
• Ukuya ezindaweni lapho i-mumps ivame khona
• Ukuba nesistimu yokuvimbela izifo ebuthakathaka
• Ukuba noxhumano nomuntu one-mumps

Ubudala buphinde bube nomthelela, nakuba kubikezelwa kancane kunesimo sokuqhamba. Nakuba i-mumps ngokwesiko yayithinta abantwana, ukuqhuma kwamuva kuye kwabonakala kubantu abasebasha nabantu abadala, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zasekolishi lapho abantu behlala eduze.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-mumps?

Abantu abaningi balulama e-mumps ngaphandle kwezinkinga ezinkulu, kodwa izinkinga zingase zenzeke, ikakhulu kubantu abasebasha nabantu abadala. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingaba khona kusiza ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyilinde ngesikhathi solulamo.

Izinkinga ezivamile ezingase zenzeke zihlanganisa:

• I-Orchitis (ukuvuvukala kwe-testicular) kumadoda ngemuva kokuba efikile ebuntwini
• I-Oophoritis (ukuvuvukala kwe-ovarian) kwabesifazane
• I-Meningitis (ukuvuvukala kwamagxathu engqondo ne-spinal cord)
• Ukwehliswa kokuzwa okwesikhashana
• I-Pancreatitis (ukuvuvukala kwe-pancreas)

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zingase zenzeke, nakuba zingavamile ngokunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele:

• Ukwehliswa kokuzwa okungapheli
• I-Encephalitis (ukuvuvukala kwengqondo)
• I-Myocarditis (ukuvuvukala kwemisipha yentliziyo)
• I-Arthritis ezinhlangothini
• Izinkinga zezinso
• Ukukhulelwa okungapheli kubesifazane abakhulelwe (kungavamile)

Izinkinga eziningi ziyaphela ngokuhamba kwesikhathi nokuphathwa okufanele. Udokotela wakho uzokulandelela izimpawu zezinkinga futhi anikeze ukwelashwa uma kudingeka.

I-Mumps ingavimbeka kanjani?

I-MMR vaccine inikeza isivikelo esisebenzayo kakhulu ngokumelene ne-mumps. Le vaccine isebenza kakhulu futhi iye yanciphisa kakhulu icala le-mumps emhlabeni jikelele kusukela yaqaliswa.

Uhlelo oluvamile lokuqhamba luhlanganisa izilinganiso ezimbili: isilinganiso sokuqala phakathi nezinyanga eziyi-12-15 ubudala, nesilinganiso sesibili phakathi kweminyaka eyi-4-6 ubudala. Abantu abadala abazalwe ngemuva kuka-1957 abangakaqhambanga kufanele bathole okungenani isilinganiso esisodwa, futhi abasebenzi bezempilo noma abahamba emazweni angaphandle bangadinga izilinganiso ezimbili.

Ngaphezu kokuhlambalaza, unganciphisa ingozi yakho ngokwenza imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka:

• Ukugeza izandla zakho njalo ngesepu namanzi
• Ukugwema ukusondelana nabantu abagulayo
• Ukungabi nabelani ngezinsimbi zokudla, izitsha, noma izinto zomuntu siqu
• Ukuvala umlomo wakho nekhala lapho ukhwehlela noma uthi
• Ukuhlala ekhaya lapho ugula

Uma ungaqiniseki ngesimo sakho sokuqhamba, ukuhlolwa okulula kwegazi kungahlola amazinga akho okukhululeka, noma ungaqamba ngokuphephile kungakhathaliseki umlando wakho wokuhlambalaza wangaphambili.

I-Mumps ixilongwa kanjani?

Odokotela bavame ukuxilonga i-mumps ngokususelwa ezimpawu ezibonakalayo, ikakhulu ukukhula kobukhulu bokuphawuleka ebusweni kanye nokuqina nezinye izimpawu ze-viral. Udokotela wakho uzohlola amagxathu akho akhulile futhi akusize ngezimpawu zakho nomlando wakho wokuhlambalaza.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa, udokotela wakho angase a-ode ukuhlolwa okuthile:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ukuthola ama-antibodies e-mumps noma i-virus ngokwayo
• I-Saliva noma i-throat swab ukuthola i-mumps virus
• Ukuhlolwa kwempisi kwezinye izimo

Lezi zivivinyo zisiza ukwahlukanisa i-mumps kwezinye izimo ezingabangela ukukhula okufanayo, njengokutheleleka kwe-bacterial kwamagxathu okukhipha umdlavuza noma ezinye izifo ze-viral. Ukuthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kusemqoka ekwelapheni okufanele nasekuvimbeleni ukusakazeka kokutheleleka kwabanye.

Iyini impilo ye-mumps?

Ayikho imithi ethile ye-antiviral ye-mumps, ngakho ukwelashwa kugxile ekuphatheni izimpawu nasekusekeleni inqubo yokululama yemvelo yomzimba wakho. Abantu abaningi balulama ngokuphelele ngokuphumula nokunakekelwa okusekela ekhaya.

Udokotela wakho uzoncoma lezi zindlela zokuthuthukisa ubuhlungu:

• Ukuthola ukuphumula okuningi ukuze usize isimiso sakho sokuvikela izifo silwe ne-virus
• Ukuthatha imithi yokunciphisa ubuhlungu njenge-acetaminophen noma i-ibuprofen ngenxa yobuhlungu nokuqina
• Ukubekisa izinto ezishisayo noma ezipholile ezindaweni ezikhulile ukuze uthole induduzo
• Ukunatha amanzi amaningi ukuze uhlale unamanzi
• Ukudla ukudla okuthambile okungadingi ukuqambula okuningi
• Ukugwema ukudla nezinsimbi ezinobisi ezingase zikhulise ubuhlungu

Uma izinkinga zivele, udokotela wakho uzonikeza ukwelashwa okuthile. Isibonelo, izimo ezinkulu zingadinga ukungena esibhedlela ngenxa yamanzi e-IV noma ukulandelela, kuyilapho izinkinga ezinjenge-orchitis zingadinga ukuphathwa kobuhlungu nokunye imithi yokulwa nokuvuvukala.

Indlela yokwelapha ekhaya ngesikhathi se-mumps?

Ukunakekela wena ekhaya kudlala indima ebalulekile ekululameni kwakho e-mumps. Okubalulekile ukuphumula, uhlale ukhululekile, futhi usekele umzimba wakho ngenkathi ulwa ne-virus.

Gxilisa ukudla nokunatha izindlela ezunciphisa ubuhlungu:

• Khetha ukudla okuthambile, okuhle njengosopo, i-yogurt, noma ama-potatoes aqoshiwe
• Natha amanzi amaningi, kodwa gwema amajusi obisi angase ahlanye
• Sebenzisa i-straw uma ukuvula umlomo wakho ngokubanzi kuhlungu
• Hlambulula umlomo wakho ngamanzi ashisayo ane-salt ukuze uthole induduzo

Ukulawula ubuhlungu nokukhula, shintshanisa phakathi kwezinto ezishisayo nezipholile emagxathwini akho akhulile ukuze ubone ukuthi yini ezizwa ilungile. Thatha imithi yokuhlungu njengoba udokotela wakho ekuqondisa, futhi ungadluli izilinganiso ezinconyiwe.

Hlalani nihlukene nabanye kuze kube izinsuku eziyi-5 ngemuva kokuba izimpawu zakho ziqale ukuvimbela ukusakazeka kwe-virus. Lokhu kusho ukuhlala ekhaya emsebenzini, esikoleni, noma emisebenzini yomphakathi ngalesi sikhathi esinamandla.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho yodokotela?

Ngaphambi kwe-appointment yakho, buza ulwazi ngezimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi ziye zakhula kanjani. Bhala zonke izimpawu zakho, ngisho nalapho zingase zibonakale zingahlobene, njengoba lokhu kusiza udokotela wakho ukuthola isithombe esiphelele.

Letha ulwazi olubalulekile lwezokwelapha nawe:

• Amarekhodi akho okuqhamba, ikakhulu izinsuku ze-MMR vaccine
• Uhlu lwemithi yamanje nezinsiza
• Ulwazi mayelana nokuhamba kwamuva noma ukudalulwa kwabantu abagulayo
• Nomlando wangaphambili we-mumps noma ukutheleleka okufanayo

Lungisa imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho, njengokuthi uzoba nesifo isikhathi esingakanani, nini ongabuyela emsebenzini noma esikoleni, nezibonakaliso zokuqaphela ezingakucela ukuba ubhale kabusha. Unganqikazi ukubuza nganoma yini oyikhathazekile ngayo.

Shaya ucingo ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukubika ukuthi ucinga ukuthi une-mumps ukuze bakwazi ukuthatha izinyathelo zokuvikela ukusakazeka kokutheleleka kwabanye abaguli. Bangase bakucela ukuba ungene ngomnyango ohlukile noma ulinde endaweni ehlukene.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-mumps?

I-Mumps iwukutheleleka okuvimbekayo kwe-viral okubangela ukukhula okuhlungu kwamagxathu akho okukhipha umdlavuza. Nakuba kungase kube buhlungu futhi ngezinye izikhathi kuholele ezinkingeni, abantu abaningi balulama ngokuphelele ngokunakekelwa okusekela nokuphumula.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi ukuqhamba kunikeza isivikelo esihle ngokumelene ne-mumps. Uma ungaqiniseki ngesimo sakho sokuqhamba, khuluma nodokotela wakho mayelana nokuqhamba noma ukuhlola ukukhululeka kwakho.

Uma uthola i-mumps, gxilisa ekuphumuleni, ezindleleni zokuthuthukisa ubuhlungu, nasekuhlaleni uhlukene ukuze uvikele ukusakazeka kokutheleleka. Izimpawu eziningi ziyaphela phakathi kwamasonto eyi-1-2, futhi izinkinga ezinkulu azivamile. Themba ikhono lomzimba wakho lokuphulukisa ngenkathi uthola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okufanele uma kudingeka.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana ne-mumps

Ungathola i-mumps kabili?

Kuyinto engavamile kakhulu ukuthola i-mumps kabili. Uma usuke utholile i-mumps, isimiso sakho sokuvikela izifo sivame ukukhula isivikelo esiphila njalo kule virus. Noma kunjalo, izimo ezimbalwa kakhulu zokutheleleka kabusha ziye zabikwa, ngokuvamile ngezimpawu ezincane ngokwesibili.

Uhlala unamandla kangakanani nge-mumps?

Unamandla kakhulu kusukela ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-2 ngaphambi kokuba izimpawu zivele kuze kube izinsuku eziyi-5 ngemuva kokuba ukukhula kuqale. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungasakaza i-mumps ngisho nangaphambi kokuba wazi ukuthi ugula. Uma usuvele ungenazimpawu izinsuku eziyi-5, ngokuvamile awusabi isisulu.

Abantu abadala bangathola i-mumps uma beqambiwe njengabantwana?

Yebo, nakuba kungavamile. I-MMR vaccine isebenza cishe ngo-88% ngezilinganiso ezimbili, okusho ukuthi abanye abantu abaqambiwe bangathola i-mumps. Noma kunjalo, abantu abaqambiwe abatholakala be-mumps bavame ukuba nezimpawu ezincane futhi balulama ngokushesha kunabantu abangakaqambi.

Ingabe i-mumps iyingozi ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa?

I-Mumps ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa ingandisa ingozi yokukhulelwa okungapheli, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa. Noma kunjalo, i-mumps ngokuvamile ayibangeli izinkinga zokuzalwa. Abesifazane abakhulelwe abacinga ukuthi badaluliwe kufanele baxhumane nodokotela wabo ngokushesha ukuze bathole isiqondiso nokulandelwa.

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwe-mumps nezinye izimbangela zokukhula kobukhulu ebusweni?

I-Mumps ngokuvamile ibangela ukukhula womabili uhlangothi lobuso eduze kwezinzwa ne-jaw, kanye nokuqina nobuhlungu bomzimba. Ezinye izimo ezinjengokutheleleka kwamagxathu okukhipha umdlavuza kwe-bacterial ngokuvamile kuthinta uhlangothi olulodwa kuphela futhi kungaba nezimpawu ezahlukene. Udokotela wakho angahlukanisa phakathi kwalezi zimo ngokuhlola nokuhlola.