Myoclonus
Uhlolojikelele
I-myoclonus ibhekisela enkambeni yokuqhaqhazela okusheshayo ongenakuyilawula. Ukugabha kuyifomu le-myoclonus, njengoba kunjalo nokukhahlameka okungazelelwe noma “ukuqala kokulala” ongazwelayo ngaphambi kokulala. Lezi zinhlobo ze-myoclonus zenzeka kubantu abaphilile futhi ngokuvamile azibi kakhulu.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-myoclonus zingase zenzeke ngenxa yesifo sesistimu yezinzwa, njenge-epilepsy, isimo se-metabolic, noma ukusabela kwemithi.
Ukuphatha noma yikuphi isimo esibangela i-myoclonus kungasiza ekulawuleni izimpawu. Ngezinye izikhathi isizathu se-myoclonus asiwazi noma alinakuphathwa ngokukhethekile. Kulezi zimo, umgomo wokwelashwa ukunciphisa imiphumela ye-myoclonus ezingeni lokuphila.
Izimpawu
Abantu abanomyoclonus bavame ukuchaza izimpawu zabo njenge-jerks, ukuzamazama noma ukugqama okungafani: Okungazelelwe Okufushane Okungenakulawulwa Njengokushaywa yisikhathi Okungaguquki ngamandla kanye nokuphindaphinda Okwenzeka engxenyeni yomzimba noma kuwo wonke umzimba Ngesinye isikhathi sibuhlungu kangangokuthi siyaphazamisa ukudla, ukukhuluma noma ukuhamba Uma izimpawu zakho zomyoclonus ziqala ukuba khona njalo futhi zihlale isikhathi eside, xhumana nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa kanye nezinketho zokwelashwa.
Isikhathi sokubona udokotela
Uma izimpawu zakho ze-myoclonus ziqala ukuvela njalo futhi zihlale isikhathi eside, xoxa nodokotela wakho ukuze uthole ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa.
Izimbangela
I-Myoclonus ingase ibangelwe yizinkinga ezahlukene eziyisisekelo. Ngokuvamile ihlukaniswa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene ngokwalokho okubangela. Imbangela ingasiza ekuqondeni ukwelashwa.
Lolu hlobo lwe-myoclonus luvela kubantu abaphilile futhi luhlale ludinga ukwelashwa. Izibonelo zihlanganisa:
- Ukugabha.
- Ukuqala kokulala.
- Ukuxwaya noma ukubamba ngenxa yokukhathazeka noma ukuvivinya umzimba.
- Ukuxwaya kwemisipha yengane ngesikhathi sokulala noma ngemva kokudla.
I-myoclonus ebalulekile ivele yodwa, ngokuvamile ngaphandle kwezinye izimpawu futhi ingahlobene nanoma yiluphi ubuhlungu obuyisisekelo. Imbangela ye-myoclonus ebalulekile ivame ukungaziwa. Kwezinye izimo, imbangela iyefa, okusho ukuthi idluliselwa emindenini.
Lolu hlobo lwe-myoclonus luvela njengengxenye yesifo se-epileptic.
I-myoclonus enezimpawu ivela ngenxa yesimo sezempilo esiyisisekelo. Ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa ngokuthi i-myoclonus yesibili. Izibonelo zihlanganisa:
- Ukulimala kwekhanda noma umgogodla.
- Ukutheleleka.
- Ukwehluleka kwesibindi noma izingqinamba.
- I-lipid storage disease.
- Ubuthi bekemikhali noma izidakamizwa.
- Ukungabi khona okwengeziwe kokusika.
- Ukusebenza kwemithi.
- Izimo zokuvuvukala kwe-autoimmune.
- Ukuphazamiseka kokuguqula.
- I-Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
Izimo zesimiso sezinzwa eziholela e-myoclonus yesibili zihlanganisa:
- I-Stroke.
- Ubuhlungu bobuchopho.
- I-Huntington's disease.
- I-Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease.
- I-Alzheimer's disease.
- I-Parkinson's disease ne-Lewy body dementia.
- I-Corticobasal degeneration.
- I-Frontotemporal dementia.
- I-Multiple system atrophy.
Ukuxilongwa
Ukuthola i-myoclonus, umhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo uhlola umlando wakho wezokwelapha kanye nezimpawu bese enza ukuhlolwa komzimba.
Ungase ube nezivivinyo zokuthola imbangela nokususa ezinye izimbangela ezingaba khona ze-myoclonus. Kwezinye izimo, ukuhlolwa kwezithombe noma ukuhlolwa kwama-nerve kungase kudingeke.
- Electroencephalography (EEG). Le nqubo ibhala umsebenzi wama-elekthrikhi wobuchopho. Kungasiza ekuqondeni ukuthi i-myoclonus iqala kuphi ebuchosheni. Okokuqala, ama-electrode amancane anqunywe ekhanda. Khona-ke ungase ucelwe ukuphefumula ngokujulile futhi ngokulinganayo bese ubheka izibani ezicwebezelayo noma ulalele imisindo. Lezi zenzo zingase ziveze umsebenzi ongaphambene wama-elekthrikhi.
- Electromyography (EMG). Kule nqubo, ama-electrode abekwa emiphongolweni eminingi, ikakhulukazi imisipha ehilelekile ekuqhaqhazweni.
Ithuluzi libhala umsebenzi wama-elekthrikhi ovela kwemisipha lapho iphumule kanye lapho iqiniswe, njengoba ugoqa ingalo yakho. Lezi zibonakaliso zisiza ekuqondeni iphethini nokuqala kwe-myoclonus.
- Izifundo zamandla okuqaliswa. Lezi zivivinyo zilinganisa umsebenzi wama-elekthrikhi wobuchopho, ubuchopho obukhulu nomgogodla oqaliswe ukushaya, umsindo, ukubona nezinye izikhuthazo.
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ukucubungula kwe-MRI kungase kusetshenziswe ukuhlola izinkinga zesakhiwo noma iziphumu ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni, okuyingozi ebangela izimpawu ze-myoclonus. Ukucubungula kwe-MRI kusebenzisa insimu yama-magnetic namaza erediyo ukukhiqiza izithombe ezinemininingwane yobuchopho, umgogodla nezinye izindawo zomzimba.
- Ukuhlolwa kwelebhu. Umhlinzeki wakho wezinsizakalo zezempilo angase aphakamise ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic ukuze usize ekuqondeni izimbangela ezingaba khona ze-myoclonus. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi noma kwemchamo kungase kudingeke ukuhlola izifo zokuguqulwa komzimba, isifo sokuzimela komzimba, isifo sikashukela, kanye nesifo sezinso noma isibindi. Bangahlola futhi imithi noma izinto eziyingozi.
Electromyography (EMG). Kule nqubo, ama-electrode abekwa emiphongolweni eminingi, ikakhulukazi imisipha ehilelekile ekuqhaqhazweni.
Ithuluzi libhala umsebenzi wama-elekthrikhi ovela kwemisipha lapho iphumule kanye lapho iqiniswe, njengoba ugoqa ingalo yakho. Lezi zibonakaliso zisiza ekuqondeni iphethini nokuqala kwe-myoclonus.
Ukwelashwa
Ukwelapha i-myoclonus kusebenza kangcono uma ungayekisa inkinga elibangayo. Isibonelo, ukwelapha kungagxila kwenye isimo, imithi noma i-toxin ebangela i-myoclonus.
Kodwa-ke, izikhathi eziningi, imbangela ejulile ayikwazi ukwelashwa noma ukususwa. Kulezi zimo, ukwelapha kugxilwe ekunciphiseni izimpawu ze-myoclonus, ikakhulukazi uma zikhubaza. Ayikho imithi eklanywe ngokukhethekile ukwelapha i-myoclonus. Kepha ukwelapha kwezinye izifo kungasiza ekuqedeni izimpawu ze-myoclonus. Kungase kudingeke imithi engaphezu kwesisodwa ukulawula izimpawu.
Imithi abahlinzeki bezempilo abayibhalayo njalo ye-myoclonus ihlanganisa:
- Iziqandisi. I-Clonazepam (Klonopin), isiqandisi, iyimithi evamile kakhulu esetshenziswa ekwelapheni izimpawu ze-myoclonus. I-Clonazepam ingabangela imiphumela emibi efana nokwehluleka kokuxhumanisa nokuqwasha.
- I-Anticonvulsants. Imithi esetshenziswa ukulawula ukuhlwitha kwe-epileptic ingasiza ekuqedeni izimpawu ze-myoclonus. I-anticonvulsants evamile kakhulu esetshenziswa ye-myoclonus yi-levetiracetam (Keppra, Elepsia XR, Spritam), i-valproic acid, i-zonisamide (Zonegran, Zonisade) ne-primidone (Mysoline). I-Piracetam enye i-anticonvulsant etholakele iphumelela, kodwa ayitholakali e-United States.
I-Valproic acid ingabangela imiphumela emibi efana nokuhlanza. I-Levetiracetam ingabangela imiphumela emibi efana nokuqwasha nokuphuza. Imiphumela emibi evela ku-primidone ingafaka ukuthula nokuhlanza.
I-Anticonvulsants. Imithi esetshenziswa ukulawula ukuhlwitha kwe-epileptic ingasiza ekuqedeni izimpawu ze-myoclonus. I-anticonvulsants evamile kakhulu esetshenziswa ye-myoclonus yi-levetiracetam (Keppra, Elepsia XR, Spritam), i-valproic acid, i-zonisamide (Zonegran, Zonisade) ne-primidone (Mysoline). I-Piracetam enye i-anticonvulsant etholakele iphumelela, kodwa ayitholakali e-United States.
I-Valproic acid ingabangela imiphumela emibi efana nokuhlanza. I-Levetiracetam ingabangela imiphumela emibi efana nokuqwasha nokuphuza. Imiphumela emibi evela ku-primidone ingafaka ukuthula nokuhlanza.
Ukujova kwe-OnabotulinumtoxinA (Botox) kungasiza ekwelapheni izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-myoclonus, ikakhulukazi uma indawo eyodwa kuphela ethintekile. Lokhu kwelapha kuvimba ukukhishwa komyalezo wekhemikhali obangela ukuqina kwemisipha.
Uma izimpawu ze-myoclonus zibangelwa yi-tumor noma i-lesion ebuchosheni noma emgogodleni, ukuhlinzwa kungaba yindlela. Abantu abane-myoclonus ethinta izingxenye zobuso noma indlebe bangazuza ekwelapheni ngokuhlinzwa.
Ukuvuselelwa okujulile kobuchopho kuye kwazama kubantu abane-myoclonus nezinye izifo zokunyakaza. Ama-electrodes afakwa ezindaweni ezithile zobuchopho. Ama-electrodes akhiqiza izibonakaliso zombane ukuvimba izimpikiswano ezingavamile ezingabangela i-myoclonus. Abacwaningi baqhubeka nokuhlola ukuvuselelwa okujulile kobuchopho kwe-myoclonus.
Umshwana wokuzihlangula: I-August iyinkundla yolwazi lwezempilo futhi izimpendulo zayo azihlanganisi iseluleko sezokwelapha. Njalo thintana nochwepheshe bezokwelapha onelayisensi eduze nawe ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiluphi ushintsho.