Izimila Ze-Nasal Neze-Paranasal? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelapha

Izimila ze-nasal neze-paranasal yizinto ezikhula emakhaleni akho noma ezindaweni ezigcwele umoya ezizungezile ebizwa ngokuthi yi-sinuses. Iningi lalezi zimila liyimila elungile, okusho ukuthi azilona i-cancer futhi ngeke lisakazeke kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho.

I-paranasal sinuses yakho ihlanganisa i-frontal sinuses ngaphezulu kwamehlo akho, i-maxillary sinuses emagxalabeni akho, i-ethmoid sinuses phakathi kwamehlo akho, ne-sphenoid sinuses ngemuva kwekhala lakho. Uma izimila zikhula kulezi zindawo, zingabangela izimpawu ezifana ne-sinus infections ezingapheli, kungakho ngezinye izikhathi zingaqaphelwa ekuqaleni.

Ziyini izimpawu zezimila ze-nasal neze-paranasal?

Izimpawu zokuqala zivame ukuzwakala njengokubanda okuphikelelayo noma i-sinus infection engapheli. Ungase uqaphele lezi zimpawu zikhula kancane kancane ezinyangeni noma emakhulwini, kunokuba zivele ngokuzumayo.

Nawa izimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ukuvalela kwekhala okuphikelelayo, ngokuvamile ngakolunye uhlangothi
• Ukuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni okuvela njalo noma ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile
• Ukuncipha komuzwa wokunuka noma ukunambitha
• Ukuphuma kwekhala okucacile noma okunegazi
• Ubuhlungu noma ukucindezela ebusweni, ikakhulukazi emagxalabeni akho noma ebunzini
• Izinhlungu zikhanda ezibukeka zihlukile kunalezo ovamile ukuzihlangabezana nazo
• Ukuzizwa okugcwele ebusweni

Njengoba izimila zikhula, ungase uqaphele izimpawu ezinkulu. Lokhu kungafaka ukushintsha embonweni wakho, njengokubona okubili noma amehlo abonakala ephuma phambili. Abanye abantu bazwa ukungabi namandla ebusweni noma amazinyo abo, noma baqaphele ukukhula oluzungezile amehlo abo.

Kwezinye izikhathi, izimila ezinkulu zingabangela izimpawu ezinkulu njengezinhlungu zikhanda ezinkulu, ukudideka, noma ukushintsha ekukwazi kwakho ukucabanga ngokucacile. Lezi zimpawu zenzeka lapho izimila zikhula khulu kangangokuba zicindezela izakhiwo ezibalulekile emakhaleni akho.

Ziyini izinhlobo zezimila ze-nasal neze-paranasal?

Lezi zimila ziwela ezinhlotsheni ezimbili eziyinhloko: elungile (engeyona i-cancer) ne-malignant (i-cancer). Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izimila ezilungile zivame kakhulu futhi kulula ukuziphatha.

Izimila ezivamile ezilungile zihlanganisa:

• I-Nasal polyps - ukukhula okuthambile, okungenabhlungu okuvamise ukuthuthukiswa ngokuvuvukala okungapheli
• I-Papillomas - ukukhula okufana ne-wart okutholakala ngezinye izikhathi kungaba i-cancer uma kungaphathwa
• I-Hemangiomas - enziwe nge-blood vessels futhi ivame kubantwana
• I-Fibromas - ukukhula okuqinile okwenziwe nge-fibrous tissue
• I-Osteomas - izimila eziyizitho ezihlala zikhula kancane

Izimila ze-Malignant azivamile kodwa zidinga ukwelashwa okunamandla. I-Squamous cell carcinoma uhlobo oluvamile lwe-cancer kule ndawo, oluhlanganiswe ngokuvamile nokudalulwa kwezinto ezikhiqizwayo emsebenzini noma i-HPV infection.

Ezinye izinhlobo ze-cancer ezingevame kakhulu zihlanganisa i-adenocarcinoma, engathuthukiswa kusuka ku-gland tissue, ne-sarcomas, ekhula kusuka ku-connective tissue. I-Lymphomas ingathuthukiswa ngezinye izikhathi endaweni ye-nasal, nakuba lokhu kungavamile.

Yini ebangela izimila ze-nasal neze-paranasal?

Imbangela eqondile yezimila eziningi ze-nasal neze-paranasal ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa izinto eziningi zingandisa ingozi yakho. Ukudalulwa kwemvelo kudlala indima ebalulekile, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasebenza emakhaya athile.

Izinto ezivame ukubangela zihlanganisa:

• Ukuvuvukala okungapheli okuvela e-allergies noma i-sinus infections
• Ukudalulwa emsebenzini e-wood dust, i-leather dust, noma ezinye izinto ezikhiqizwayo
• I-HPV (human papillomavirus) infection, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo 16 ne-18
• Ukubhema noma ukudalulwa njalo ekubhemeni okusecondhand
• Ukwelashwa ngaphambili kwe-radiation emakhaleni noma endaweni yomlomo

Izimo ezithile ze-genetic zingenza izimila zibe lula ukuthuthukisa. Isibonelo, abantu abane-familial adenomatous polyposis banengozi enkulu yokuthuthukisa i-nasal polyps engaba i-cancer.

Ubudala budlala indima futhi, ngezimila eziningi ze-cancer ze-nasal ezenzeka kubantu abadala kuno-50. Amadoda avame kakhulu ukuthuthukisa lezi zimila kunabesifazane, mhlawumbe ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu lokudalulwa emsebenzini ezingozini.

Kufanele ubona nini udokotela ngezimpawu ze-nasal neze-paranasal?

Kufanele uhlele i-appointment uma unezimpawu ze-nasal eziphikelelayo ezihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto amabili, ikakhulukazi uma zingathuthuki ngokwelashwa okuvamile kokubanda noma i-allergies. Ungalindi uma uhlangabezana nokuphuma kwegazi ekhaleni njalo ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacile.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uqaphela ukushintsha embonweni, izinhlungu zikhanda ezinkulu ezihlukile kunesimiso sakho esivamile, noma ukungabi namandla ebusweni. Lezi zimpawu zingabonisa ukuthi imila ikhula futhi icindezela izakhiwo ezibalulekile.

Kufanele ufunani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha okusheshayo uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinzima ngokuzumayo njengokunzima ukuphefumula ngekhala lakho, ukukhula okukhulu ebusweni, noma ukushintsha ekucabangeni kwakho. Nakuba lokhu kungavamile, kudinga ukuhlolwa okusheshayo.

Ziyini izingozi zezimila ze-nasal neze-paranasal?

Ukuqonda izingozi zakho siqu kungakusiza wenze izinqumo ezilwemi mayelana nokuvimbela nokukhetha. Ezinye izingozi ongazilawula, kanti ezinye azikho ngaphansi kolawulo lwakho.

Ukudalulwa emsebenzini kubonisa ingozi enkulu ongayilawula. Abantu abasebenza ekwenzeni imithi, ukwenza ifenisha, noma ukukhiqiza izikhumba babhekene nezingozi eziphezulu ngenxa yokudalulwa okuvamile kodaka. Abasebenzi bezinto ezikhiqizwayo, ikakhulu labo abaphatha i-formaldehyde noma i-chromium compounds, nabo banengozi enkulu.

Izinto zokuphila ezandisa ingozi yakho zihlanganisa:

• Ukubhema ugebengu noma ukusebenzisa ezinye izikhiqizo ze-tobacco
• Ukusetshenziswa okukhulu kotshwala, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlanganiswe nokubhema
• Ukuhlanzeka okubi kwamazinyo, okungabangela ukuvuvukala okungapheli
• Ukuphila ezindaweni ezinomoya oyingcolile

Ezinye izinto ongenakuzilawula zihlanganisa ubudala bakho, ubulili, nokwakhiwa kwe-genetic. Ukuba nomlando womndeni we-cancer yekhanda nomlomo kungase kukhulise ingozi yakho kancane, nakuba lokhu kungavamile ngezimila ze-nasal ngokukhethekile.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke zezimila ze-nasal neze-paranasal?

Izimila eziningi ze-nasal ezilungile zibangela izinhlanganisela ezincane, ikakhulukazi ezihlobene nokuvalela komoya nokukhulu kwe-sinus problems. Noma kunjalo, uma zingaphathwa, ngisho nezimila ezilungile zingakhula khulu kangangokuba zibangele izinkinga ezinkulu.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo zihlanganisa:

• I-Sinus infections engapheli eba nzima ukuyiphatha
• Ukulahlekelwa ngokuphelele komuzwa wokunuka noma ukunambitha
• Izinkinga zokulala ngenxa yobunzima bokuqeda
• Ubuhlungu ebusweni noma izinhlungu zikhanda eziphikelelayo
• Izinkinga zamagciwane ezivela ekucindezeleni emagxalabeni akho

Izinhlanganisela ezinkulu zingase zenzeke lapho izimila zikhula khulu noma zibe yi-cancer. Lokhu kungafaka izinkinga zombono uma imila icindezela i-eye socket yakho, noma izimpawu ezihlobene nobuchopho uma ikhula ngase-skull base yakho.

Inhlanganisela ebuhlungu kakhulu iwukuthi izimila ezilungile ziguquke zibe yi-cancer, lokhu kungenzeka ngezinhlobo ezithile njenge-inverted papillomas. Kungakho ukulandelela njalo nokuphathwa okuqondile kubalulekile, ngisho nasekukhuzeni okungeyona i-cancer.

Ungazivimbela kanjani izimila ze-nasal neze-paranasal?

Nakuba ungazivimbeli zonke izimila ze-nasal neze-paranasal, unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho ngokwenza izinqumo zokuphila ezilwemi nokukuvimbela ezingozini ezaziwayo.

Izindlela zokuvimbela eziphumelelayo kakhulu zigxile ekugwemeni ukudalulwa okunobungozi. Uma usebenza embonini enengozi enkulu, sebenzisa njalo imishini yokukhuselwa efanele kufaka phakathi ama-masks nezinhlelo zokuphefumula. Ungawashiyi ama-safety protocols, ngisho noma ebonakala engenamsebenzi.

Ukushintsha kokuphila okungasiza kuhlanganisa:

• Ukuyeka ukubhema nokugwema ukubhema okusecondhand
• Ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kotshwala
• Ukugcina ukuhlanzeka okuhle kwekhala nge-saline rinses
• Ukuphatha i-allergies ngokuphumelelayo ukuze kuncishiswe ukuvuvukala okungapheli
• Ukuthola ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo njalo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukutheleleka komlomo

Cabanga nge-HPV vaccination uma usesigabeni sobudala esinconywayo, njengoba lokhu kungavikela e-tumors ezihlobene ne-virus. Gcina izindawo zakho zokuphila nokusebenza zigcwele umoya, futhi sebenzisa ama-air purifiers uma uhlala endaweni enomoya oyingcolile.

Izimila ze-nasal neze-paranasal ziqondaniswa kanjani?

Ukuqondanisa lezi zimila ngokuvamile kuqala ngodokotela wakho ebuza ngezimpawu zakho futhi ahlole ikhala lakho nobuso. Bazosebenzisa ukukhanya okukhethekile namagilasini amancane ukubuka ngaphakathi emagcaleni akho ngesikhathi sokuvakasha kwakho kokuqala.

Uma udokotela wakho engabaza imila, cishe bazoncoma i-nasal endoscopy. Lokhu kuhilela ukufaka i-tube encane, eguqayo enekhamera ekhaleni lakho ukuze uthole umbono ophelele wemagcaleni akho ne-sinuses. Le nqubo ngokuvamile yenziwa ehhovisi nge-spray yokunciphisa ubuhlungu.

Izivivinyo ze-imaging zisiza ekuqondeni usayizi womila nendawo eqondile. I-CT scans inikeza izithombe eziningi zesakhiwo sakho emathanjeni futhi ingabonisa ukuthi imila isakazeke kangakanani. I-MRI scans inikeza izithombe ezinhle ze-soft tissues futhi ingasiza ekuhlukaniseni izinhlobo ezahlukene zezimila.

I-Biopsy ivame ukudingeka ukuze kuqondwe ukuthi imila ilula noma yi-cancer. Udokotela wakho uzosusa ingxenye encane yethishu, ngokuvamile ngesikhathi se-endoscopy, futhi ayithumele elabhoratri ukuze ihlolwe ngaphansi komkhiqizo.

Kwezinye izikhathi, kungase kudingeke ukuhlolwa okwengeziwe. I-PET scans ingasiza ekutholeni i-cancer esakazeke kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wakho, kanti izivivinyo zegazi ezikhethekile zingase zibuze ngezimpawu ezithile ze-genetic noma ukutheleleka njenge-HPV.

Ukuphathwa kwezimila ze-nasal neze-paranasal kuyini?

Ukuphathwa kuncike ohlotsheni, usayizi, nendawo yomila yakho, kanye nokuthi ilula noma yi-cancer. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izimila eziningi ze-nasal zingaphathwa ngempumelelo, ikakhulukazi uma zitholakala ekuqaleni.

Ngezimila ezilungile, ukususa ngokusebenza kuvame ukuba ukwelashwa okuthandwa kakhulu. I-Endoscopic surgery, eyenziwa ngekhala lakho ngaphandle kokusika ngaphandle, yindlela evamile. Le ndlela encane yokusebenza ivumela ochwepheshe ukuba basuse izimila ngenkathi begcina ithishu enempilo.

Izindlela zokwelapha izimila ezilungile zihlanganisa:

• Ukususa nge-endoscopic ngezimila eziningi ezincane kuya ezinkulu
• Ukuphathwa kwe-steroid nge-inflammatory polyps
• I-Laser therapy ngezinhlobo ezithile zokukhula
• Ukubuka ngokulandelela njalo izimila ezincane kakhulu, ezinzima

Izimila ze-Cancer zidinga ukwelashwa okunamandla, ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukusebenza nge-radiation therapy noma i-chemotherapy. Indlela yokusebenza incike endaweni nosayizi womila, kusukela ekususeni nge-endoscopic kuya ekuhlinzweni okukhulu.

I-Radiation therapy ingase ibe yindlela yokwelapha ngemuva kokusebenza ukuze suswe noma yiziphi izicubu ze-cancer ezisele. I-Chemotherapy ngezinye izikhathi isetshenziswa nge-cancers eziphambili noma lapho ukusebenza kungenakwenzeka. Iqembu lakho lokwelapha lizohlangana nawe ukuze lenze uhlelo oluhle kakhulu lesimo sakho esithile.

Ungaziphatha kanjani izimpawu ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa?

Ngesikhathi uthola ukwelashwa noma ulindele izinqubo, izindlela zokwelapha zasekhaya eziningi zingakusiza uzizwe ukhululekile futhi uphathe izimpawu zakho ngokuphumelelayo.

I-Nasal saline rinses ingenye yezinto ezisiza kakhulu ongayenza ekhaya. Sebenzisa i-neti pot noma i-saline spray izikhathi eziningi ngosuku ukuze ugcine amagcaleni akho ehlanzekile futhi unciphise ukuvuvukala. Qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile noma abilisiwe kahle ukuze uvikeleke.

Ezinye izindlela zokusekela zihlanganisa:

• Ukusebenzisa i-humidifier ukuze ugcine umoya umanzi, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi ulele
• Ukulala ngekhanda lakho liphezulu ukuze uthuthukise ukopha
• Ukufaka ama-compresses afudumele ebusweni bakho ukuze unciphise ubuhlungu
• Ukugcina umzimba uqinisile ukuze unciphise ukopha
• Ukugwema i-allergies ezaziwayo nezinto ezikhuthazayo

I-Over-the-counter pain relievers ingasiza ngebuhlungu ebusweni nezinhlungu zikhanda, kodwa gwema i-aspirin uma une-nosebleeds njalo. I-Decongestant sprays inganikeza impumuzo yesikhashana, kodwa ungayisebenzisi ngaphezulu kwezinsuku ezintathu ngokulandelana.

Qaphela izimpawu zakho futhi ubhale phansi okusiza nokulimaza izinto. Lolu lwazi luzoba lubalulekile eqenjini lakho lezokwelapha ekulungiseni uhlelo lwakho lokwelapha.

Kufanele uzilungiselele kanjani i-appointment yakho yodokotela?

Ukuba ulungile nge-appointment yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola okuningi ekuvakasheni kwakho futhi ungakhohlwa imininingwane ebalulekile. Qala ngokubhala phansi zonke izimpawu zakho, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Letha uhlu oluphelele lwezidakamizwa zonke ozithathayo, kufaka phakathi izidakamizwa ezingaphezulu kokuthengwa, izongezo, nezinongo zokwelapha. Udokotela wakho udinga ukwazi ngakho konke okungase kuhlangane nokwelashwa okungenzeka.

Lungisa ulwazi mayelana:

• Umlando wakho womsebenzi, ikakhulukazi noma yikuphi ukudalulwa kodaka noma izinto ezikhiqizwayo
• Umlando womndeni we-cancer noma izinkinga zekhala
• I-Sinus infections noma ukulimala kwekhala kwangaphambili
• I-Allergies nokuthi ngokuvamile uziphatha kanjani
• Noma yikuphi ukusebenza kwekhala noma ukwelashwa kwangaphambili

Bhala phansi imibuzo ofuna ukuyibuza udokotela wakho. Ungakhathazeki ngokuzwakala ungaqondi - kungcono ukubuza kunokushiya udideke. Cabanga ngokuletha umngani noma ilungu lomndeni othembekile olingakusiza ukuba ukhumbule ulwazi olukhulu.

Uma uke wenza izivivinyo ze-imaging noma i-biopsies yangaphambili kwenye indawo, hlela ukuthumela lezo zirekhodi kudokotela wakho omusha ngaphambi kwe-appointment yakho. Lokhu kungasindisa isikhathi futhi kuvimbele isidingo sezivivinyo eziphindaphindwayo.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana nezimila ze-nasal neze-paranasal?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi izimpawu ze-nasal eziphikelelayo zifanele zitholakale ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha, ikakhulukazi uma zihlala isikhathi esingaphezu kwamasonto ambalwa noma zingaphenduli ekwelapheni okuvamile. Ukutholakala ekuqaleni kwenza umehluko omkhulu emiphumeleni yokwelapha.

Izimila eziningi ze-nasal neze-paranasal zilungile futhi zilapheka kakhulu ngezindlela zokusebenza zanamuhla. Ngisho noma izimila ziyi-cancer, ukuzithola ekuqaleni kuwathuthukisa kakhulu amathuba okwelashwa okuphumelelayo nokubuyiselwa okuphelele.

Ungavumeli ukwesaba kukuvimbele ekufuneni ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezinkulu. Namuhla amathuluzi okuhlola nokwelapha aqhubeke futhi angena kancane kunangaphambili, futhi iqembu lakho lezokwelapha likhona ukukusekela kuzo zonke izinyathelo zenqubo.

Khumbula ukuthi awuwedwa kule ndlela. Abahlinzeki bakho bezempilo, umndeni, nabangane bangumthombo obalulekile wokusekela njengoba uhamba ngokuhlolwa nokwelashwa. Hlala unolwazi, buza imibuzo, futhi ukhusele impilo yakho.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwayo mayelana nezimila ze-nasal neze-paranasal

Ingabe i-nasal polyps ifana nezimila ze-nasal?

I-Nasal polyps uhlobo lwemila ye-nasal elungile, kodwa akuzona zonke izimila ze-nasal ziyi-polyps. I-Polyps ukukhula okuthambile, okungenabhlungu okuvamise ukuthuthukiswa ngokuvuvukala okungapheli okuvela e-allergies noma ukutheleleka. Yilona hlobo oluvamile lwemila ye-nasal elungile futhi ngokuvamile kulula ukuyiphatha. Ezinye izinhlobo zezimila ze-nasal zingaba nezizathu nezici ezahlukene, ngakho kubalulekile ukuba noma yikuphi ukukhula kwekhala kuhlolwe kahle udokotela.

Ingabe izimila zekhala zingabangela umoya omubi?

Yebo, izimila ze-nasal neze-paranasal ngezinye izikhathi zingabangela umoya omubi oqhubekayo, ikakhulukazi uma ziholela e-sinus infections engapheli noma zivimbele ukopha okuvamile. Uma umucus uvaleleke futhi utheleleke, ungadala iphunga elibi. Uma uqaphela umoya omubi oqhubekayo kanye nezinye izimpawu zekhala njengokuvalela noma ukuphuma, kufanele uxoxe nodokotela wakho njengengxenye yesithombe sakho esiphelele sezimo.

Ukuphulukiswa kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani ngemuva kokusebenza kwemila yekhala?

Isikhathi sokuphulukiswa sihluka kuye ngohlobo nobukhulu bokuhlinzwa okwenziwe. Ngokususa i-minimally invasive endoscopic yezimila ezilungile, abantu abaningi bazizwa bekhulu kakhulu phakathi kwamasonto angu-1-2 futhi babuyele emisebenzini evamile phakathi nenyanga. Ukuhlinzwa okukhulu nge-cancer tumors kungase kudingeke amasonto angu-6-8 ukuze kuphulukiswe ngokuphelele. Uchwepheshe wakho uzohlinzeka ngamathemba athile ngokusekelwe enkambweni yakho siqu nokuqhubeka kokwelapha.

Ngizolahlekelwa yini umuzwa wokunuka ngokuphelele ngemuva kokwelashwa?

Abantu abaningi bakhathazeka ngokuphulukela umuzwa wokunuka, kodwa umphumela uyahluka kuye ngezinto eziningi kufaka phakathi indawo yomila, usayizi, nohlobo lokwelapha olufunekayo. Abanye abantu bayabuya umuzwa wokunuka ngemuva kokususa imila ngoba ukukhula kwakuvimba ukopha okuvamile. Noma kunjalo, uma imila yonakelise abamukeli bokukhuthaza noma uma ukusebenza okukhulu kudingeka, ukushintsha okuphelele komuzwa wokunuka kungase kwenzeke. Udokotela wakho angaxoxa ngengozi ethile ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho.

Ingabe izimila zekhala zingabuya ngemuva kokwelashwa?

Izimila ze-nasal ezilungile ngezinye izikhathi zingabuya, ikakhulukazi i-nasal polyps kubantu abane-allergies engapheli noma izimo ezithile ze-genetic. Izinga lokubuyela liphansi ngokuvamile lapho izimila zisusiwe ngokuphelele futhi izimbangela eziyinhloko zilungiswe. Ngezimila ze-cancer, ukuvakasha njalo kokulandelela kubalulekile ekutholeni noma yikuphi ukubuyela ekuqaleni. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizokwenza isimiso sokulandelela esifanele uhlobo lwakho oluthile lwemila nokwelapha.