Ukuthi yini i-Neuroblastoma? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-Neuroblastoma uhlobo lomdlavuza oluvela kumaseli ezinzwa angakavuthi okuthiwa ama-neuroblasts. La maseli kufanele avuthwe abe amaseli ezinzwa ajwayelekile, kodwa ku-neuroblastoma, akhula ngokungaphathekile futhi akha ama-tumors esikhundleni salokho.

Lolu hlobo lomdlavuza luthinta abantwana kuphela, ngezimo eziningi ezenzeka ngaphambi kweminyaka emi-5. Nakuba igama elithi "umhlaza" lingase lizwakale liqalekile, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi abantwana abaningi abane-neuroblastoma bayaphendula kahle ekwelapheni, ikakhulukazi uma kubanjwe ngokushesha.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-neuroblastoma?

Izimpawu ze-neuroblastoma zingase zihluke kakhulu kuye ngokuthi i-tumor ikhula kuphi nokuthi inkulu kangakanani. Njengoba lo mdlavuza ungathuthukisa ezingxenyeni ezahlukene zomzimba womntwana wakho, izimpawu zingase zibonakale zingahlobene ekuqaleni.

Nazi izimpawu ongaziqaphela, ezihlukaniswe ngokuthi zivame ukubonakala kuphi:

Izimpawu ezijwayelekile ezithinta umzimba wonke:

• Ukuqina komkhuhlane okungaphenduli kahle ekwelapheni okujwayelekile
• Ukwehla kwesisindo okungachazeki noma ukungabi nendlala
• Ukukhathala noma ukudinwa okungavamile okungaphuli ngokuphumula
• Ukucasuka noma ukushintsha ekuziphatheni okujwayelekile komntwana wakho
• Isikhumba esimhlophe esingase sibonise i-anemia

Izimpawu zesisu (njengoba ama-tumors amaningi eqala endaweni yesisu):

• Isibopho esiqinile noma ukukhula esiswini ongasithola
• Ubuhlungu besisu noma ukungakhululeki
• Ukuzizwa ugcwele ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokudla
• I-constipation noma ukushintsha emikhwenyoni yomathumbu

Izimpawu ezihlobene nesifuba:

• Ukukhokha okuqhubekayo okubonakala kungesiye kokubanda
• Ubunzima bokuqeda umoya noma ukuphefumula ngokungafanele
• Ubuhlungu besifuba noma ukungakhululeki

Izimpawu ezingavamile kodwa ezibalulekile okumele uzilandele:

• Ubuhlungu emathanjeni, ikakhulukazi ezinyaweni, okungase kubangele ukuphuma kwelinye iinyawo
• Ukuqhuma noma amabala amancane abomvu oluswini
• Ama-lymph nodes avuvukile
• Izinkinga zamehlo njengezindandatho ezimnyama, amehlo awohlokayo, noma abafundi abakhulu abahlukene
• Ukuphuma kwenhliziyo ephakeme
• Ukhukhula oluqhubekayo

Lezi zimpawu zingathuthuka kancane kancane ezinyangeni noma ezinyangeni eziningi. Eziningi zalezi zibonakaliso zingabangelwa yizifo ezivamile zobuntwana, ngakho-ke zama ukungakhathazeki uma ubona eyodwa noma ezimbili. Noma kunjalo, uma izimpawu eziningi zivele ndawonye noma ziqhubeke naphezu kokwelashwa, kufanele ukuxoxe nodokotela wakho wezingane.

Imiphi imikhakha ye-neuroblastoma?

Odokotela bahlukanisa i-neuroblastoma ngezindlela eziningi ukuze basize ekutholeni indlela engcono yokwelapha. Indlela eyinhloko abayihlela ngayo iwukulinganisa ubungozi, okusisiza ukubikezela ukuthi umdlavuza ungaziphatha kanjani.

Ngokungokulinganisa ubungozi:

• I-neuroblastoma ephansi ubungozi: Lezi zinhlobo zikhula kancane futhi zivame ukuphendula kahle ekwelapheni, ngezinye izikhathi ziyancipha ngokwazo
• I-neuroblastoma ephakathi ubungozi: Lezi zidinga ukwelashwa okukhulu kodwa zisaphethwe kahle ngenxa yokunakekelwa okuhle
• I-neuroblastoma engozi enkulu: Lezi ziyaqina futhi zidinga ukwelashwa okukhulu kakhulu, kodwa abantwana abaningi basaphila kahle ngenxa yokunakekelwa okuphelele

Ngokwezindawo emzimbeni:

• I-neuroblastoma ye-adrenal: Iqala ezinso ze-adrenal ngaphezu kwezinso (indawo evamile kakhulu)
• I-neuroblastoma yesisu: Ithuthukela emathunjini emizimba esiswini
• I-neuroblastoma ye-thoracic: Ikhuphuka endaweni yesifuba
• I-neuroblastoma ye-pelvic: Yakhiwa endaweni ye-pelvic (ayivamile)

Iqembu lezokwelapha lezingane zakho lizosebenzisa lezi zinhlobo kanye nezinye izinto ezinjengobudala kanye nezici ezithile zomdlavuza ukuze lenze uhlelo lokwelapha oluphumelelayo kakhulu. Uhlobo ngalunye luphawula ngokuhlukile ekwelapheni, kungakho le nqubo yokuhlela ilusizo kangaka.

Yini ebangela i-neuroblastoma?

Imbangela eqondile ye-neuroblastoma ayiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kwenzeka lapho kukhona okuphosakele ekuthuthukisweni komntwana ovamile. Ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, amaseli akhethekile abizwa ngamaseli e-neural crest kufanele athuthukiswe abe amaseli ezinzwa avuthiwe, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi le nqubo ayiqedi kahle.

Imikhakha eminingi ye-neuroblastoma ivela ngokungahleliwe, okusho ukuthi akukho lutho abazali abalwenzile noma abangazange balwenze olubangele. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi umdlavuza "ovela ngokungahleliwe", futhi kubalwa cishe u-98% wazo zonke izimo ze-neuroblastoma.

Ezimweni ezingavamile (cishe u-1-2% wesikhathi), i-neuroblastoma ingadluliselwa, okusho ukuthi idluliselwa emindenini. Lokhu kwenzeka lapho kunenguquko ezinhlelweni ezithile ze-jini eziqondisa indlela amaseli ezinzwa athuthuka ngayo. Imindeni enene-neuroblastoma elidluliselwayo ivame ukuba namalungu omndeni amaningi athintekile futhi ingathuthukisa umdlavuza eminyakeni emincane.

Ezinye izinto abacwaningi abazihlola zihlanganisa ukubhekana nezinto ezithile zekhemikhali ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa, kodwa azikho izimbangela ezingokwemvelo eziqinisekisiwe ezibonisiwe. Into ebalulekile okumele uyiqonde ukuthi i-neuroblastoma ayibangelwa yilutho obungalivimba noma obungalulawula.

Nini okufanele ubheke udokotela nge-neuroblastoma?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wezingane zakho uma ubona noma iyiphi inhlanganisela yezimpawu ezishiwo ngaphambili, ikakhulukazi uma ziqhubeka ngaphezu kweviki noma ezimbili. Nakuba izinye zalezi zimpawu zivame ukubangelwa yizifo ezivamile zobuntwana, kuhlale kungcono ukuthi zihlolwe.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ingane yakho inalezi:

• Isibopho esiqinile esiswini ongasibuka
• Ukuqhubeka nokufiphaza kanye nokulahlekelwa isisindo
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu besisu
• Ubunzima bokuqeda umoya
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu emathanjeni noma ukungakwazi ukuhamba ngokujwayelekile
• Ukuthinta kwamehlo njengokwehla kwamaphethilolo noma ukwanda okungafani kwamabhubhu

Tshemba izinzwa zakho njengomzali. Uma kukhona okubonakala “kungalungile” ngempilo noma ukuziphatha kwengane yakho, ungangabazi ukubiza udokotela wakho. Odokotela bezingane bajwayele abazali abakhathazekile futhi bangathanda kakhulu ukuhlola into ebonakala incinci kunokushiya into ebalulekile.

Ukutholakala kwasekuqaleni kungenza umehluko omkhulu eziphumeleni zokwelashwa, ngakho ukuba ophapheme ekuthintweni kwempilo yengane yakho ingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ongayenza.

Iyini izingozi ze-neuroblastoma?

Ngokungafani nemikhakha eminingi yomdlavuza kubantu abadala, i-neuroblastoma ayinamazinga amaningi acacile okutholakala okulawulwa abazali. Abantwana abaningi abathuthukisa lo mkhakha awunazo izingozi ezibonakalayo neze.

Izingozi eziyinhloko abaguli abazitholile zihlanganisa:

Ubudala: Lena yingozi enkulu kunazo zonke. Cishe u-90% wezimo ze-neuroblastoma zenzeka kubantwana abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-5, kanti ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke isikhathi sonyaka lokuqala lokuphila. Ingozi iyancipha kakhulu njengoba abantwana bekhula.

Ubulili: Abafana banamathuba amancane okukhula kwe-neuroblastoma kunamantombazane, kodwa umehluko mncane.

Umlando womndeni: Ezimweni ezingavamile kakhulu (1-2% yezimo zonke), i-neuroblastoma ingadluliselwa emindenini. Abantwana abanabazali noma abazalwane ababenayo i-neuroblastoma banengozi enkulu, kodwa lokhu kubalwa ingxenye encane yezimo.

Izimo ze-genetic: Ezinye izifo ze-genetic ezingavamile zingandisa ingozi kancane, kodwa lezi zimo ngokwazo azivamile kakhulu.

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi izingane eziningi ezine-neuroblastoma azinawo la ma-risk factor. Umdlavuza ngokuvamile uqala ngokungahleliwe phakathi nokuthuthukiswa kombungu, futhi ayikho into abazali ababeyingenza ngokuhlukile ukuvimba. Lokhu akusikho okubangelwa ukudla, indlela yokuphila, noma izinto ezingaphandle ongaziqondisa.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingase zenzeke ze-neuroblastoma?

Izinhlanganisela ezivela ku-neuroblastoma zingavela embumbulu ngokwawo noma ekwelapheni okusetshenziswayo ukulwa nayo. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezingase zenzeke kungakusiza ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele uyilinde futhi uzizwe ulungile ngokuhamba komntanakho.

Izinhlanganisela ezivela embumbulu:

• Ukucindezela kwamalungu aseduze: Njengoba ama-tumors ekhula, angacindezela izinkila, amaphaphu, noma amanye amalungu, athinta umsebenzi wawo.
• Ukucindezela komgogodla: Uma i-tumor ikhula eduze komgogodla, ingacindezela umgogodla, okungase kubangele ubuthakathaka noma ukuqina.
• Izinkinga ezihlobene ne-hormone: Amanye ama-tumors akhipha ama-hormone angabangela ukucindezeleka kwegazi noma ukweluka okungapheli.
• Ukubhebhetheka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba: I-neuroblastoma ephambili ingabhebhetheka emathanjeni, e-bone marrow, e-liver, noma e-lymph nodes.

Izinhlanganisela ezihlobene nokwelashwa:

• Ubungozi bokutheleleka: I-Chemotherapy inganciphisa inani lama-white blood cells, okwenza ukutheleleka kube lula.
• Izinkinga zokuzwa: Amanye ama-chemotherapy drugs angathinta ukuzwa.
• Ukushintsha kokukhula nokuthuthuka: Ukwelashwa okukhulu ngezinye izikhathi kungathinta izindlela zokukhula eziqondile.
• Umdlavuza wesibili: Ngokungaqondakali, ukwelashwa kungandisa ubungozi bokuthuthukisa eminye imidlavuza kamuva ekuphileni.

Nakuba lo luhlu lungabonakala lukhulu, khumbula ukuthi iqembu lezokwelapha lezingane zakho liyazi kahle ukunqoba nokuphatha lezi zinkinga. Abantwana abaningi bayadlula ekwelapheni ngaphandle kokubhekana nezinkinga ezinzima, futhi labo ababhekana nazo bavame ukuphulukana ngokuphelele ngenxa yokunakekelwa okuhle.

Izindlela zokwelapha zanamuhla zenzelwe ukuba zibe nemiphumela emihle ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi kuncishiswa lezi zingcindezi. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizobaqaphela ngokucophelela abantwana bakho phakathi nokwelashwa ukuze lithole futhi liqale ukwelapha noma iyiphi inkinga ngokushesha.

Uhlolwa kanjani ubuhlungu be-neuroblastoma?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-neuroblastoma kuhilela izinyathelo eziningi, futhi iqembu lezokwelapha lezingane zakho lizosebenza ngendlela ehlelile ukuze lithole umbono ophelele. Inqubo ngokuvamile iqala ngokuhlolwa kwe-pediatrician bese iqhubekela ekuhlolweni okukhethekile.

Ukuhlolwa kokuqala:

Udokotela wakho uzoqala ngokuhlolwa komzimba okuhlelile, efuna noma iyiphi izibuko noma ukukhula, ikakhulukazi esiswini. Bazobabuza imibuzo emininingi mayelana nezimpawu zezingane zakho nokuthi zaqala nini.

Izivivinyo ze-Imaging:

• I-Ultrasound: Ngokuvamile i-imaging test yokuqala, ikakhulukazi ngezigaxa zesisu
• I-CT scan: Ihlinzeka ngezithombe ezinemininingwane yangaphakathi komzimba ukuze ibonise usayizi we-tumor kanye nendawo
• I-MRI: Ihlinzeka ngezithombe ezinemininingwane ngisho nangaphezulu, ikakhulukazi eziwusizo ngezigaxa eziseduze komgogodla
• I-MIBG scan: Ukuhlolwa okukhethekile kwezokwelapha okungabonisa amaseli e-neuroblastoma kulo lonke umzimba

Izivivinyo zelebhu:

• Izivivinyo ze-Urine: Hlola izikhemikhali ezikhethekile eziveliswa ngamaseli e-neuroblastoma
• Izivivinyo zegazi: Bheka abameli be-tumor futhi hlola impilo yonke
• I-Bone marrow biopsy: Hlola ukuthi umdlavuza usakazeke yini ku-bone marrow

I-Tissue biopsy:

Ukuthola ukuxilongwa okuqinisekisiweyo kudinga ukuhlolwa kwezicubu zomdlavuza ngaphansi komkhiqizo. Lokhu kuvame ukwenziwa ngokusebenzisa inqubo encane yokuhlinzwa ukuze kuqothulwe ingxenye yomdlavuza.

Lonke uchungechunge lokuhlola luthatha izinsuku ezimbalwa kuya emavikini ambalwa. Ngesikhathi ulinde imiphumela kungaba nzima, kodwa lokhu kuhlolwa okuyisisekelo kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingane yakho ithola ukwelashwa olufanele isimo sayo.

Iyini ukwelashwa kwe-neuroblastoma?

Ukwelashwa kwe-neuroblastoma kuhluke kakhulu kuye ngokweminyaka yengane yakho, izici zomdlavuza, nokuthi usakaze kangakanani. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izindlela zokwelapha ziye zaphucuka kakhulu phakathi neminyaka, futhi abantwana abaningi abane-neuroblastoma bayaqhubeka bephila impilo enempilo, evamile.

Ukuhlinzwa:

Ukuhlinzwa kuvame ukuba yilona lwakuqala ukwelashwa, ikakhulukazi emidlavuzweni engakahlukanisi. Umgomo ukususa ingxenye enkulu yomdlavuza ngangokunokwenzeka ngenkathi uvikela izitho nezinto eziseduze. Ngezinye izikhathi ukususa okuphelele akunakwenzeka ekuqaleni, ngakho-ke ukuhlinzwa kungase kwenziwe ngemva kokwelashwa okunye okuqeda umdlavuza.

I-Chemotherapy:

Lezi yimithi enamandla ehlose amaseli omdlavuza emzimbeni wonke. Ingane yakho cishe izonikezwa imithi eminingi ehlukene ye-chemotherapy phakathi nezinyanga eziningi. Ukwelashwa kuvame ukunikezwa ngomugqa ophakathi (i-IV ekhethekile) ukwenza kube lula.

Ukwelashwa ngomgogodla:

Imisebe yamandla aphezulu isebenziswa ukubhubhisa amaseli omdlavuza ezindaweni ezithile. Lokhu kwelashwa kuhlelwe ngokucophelela ukuhlose umdlavuza ngenkathi kuvikelwa izicubu ezinempilo. Akuwona wonke umntwana one-neuroblastoma ofuna ukwelashwa ngomgogodla.

Ukuhlinzwa kwamaseli esiqalo:

Ezimeni ezingozi kakhulu, odokotela bangase bancoma ukuqoqa amaseli esiqalo anempilo yengane yakho ngaphambi kokunikeza imithi eningi ye-chemotherapy, bese ubuyisela amaseli esiqalo ukusiza ukwakha kabusha isimiso somzimba.

I-Immunotherapy:

Ukwelashwa okusha lokhu kusiza isimiso somzimba sikamntwana wakho ukuba sazi futhi silwe namalunga omshayo ngokuphumelelayo. Lokhu sekuyisigaba esibalulekile sokwelashwa kwabantwana abaningi abane-neuroblastoma.

Ukwelashwa okuqondiswe:

Imithi le iqondisa izici ezithile zamalunga omshayo ngenkathi ishiya amangqamuzana ajwayelekile engathintiwe.

Ukwelashwa kuvame ukuthatha izinyanga ezingu-12-18, nakuba lokhu kuhlukahluka kakhulu. Iqembu le-oncology likamntwana wakho lizokwenza uhlelo lokwelashwa oluqondile futhi lilungise njengoba kudingeka ngokuya ngokuthi umntwana wakho uyaphendula kangcono kangakanani.

Unganakekela kanjani umntwana ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-neuroblastoma?

Ukukhathalela umntwana wakho ekhaya ngesikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-neuroblastoma kuhilela ukuphatha kokubili izici zokwenyama nezingqondo zohambo lwabo. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lizonika imiyalo ekhethekile, kepha nansi eminye imihlahlandlela ejwayelekile engasiza.

Ukuphatha imiphumela emibi yokwelashwa:

• Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka: Gcina umntwana wakho kude nabantu abaningi nabantu abagulayo uma isimiso sakhe somzimba sibuthakathaka
• Ukusekela ukudla: Nikeza ukudla okuncane, okuvamile futhi usebenze nodokotela wezondlo uma ukudla kuya kuba yinkinga
• Ukuhlanza: Khuthaza amanzi amaningi ngaphandle uma udokotela wakho engakuncoma ngenye indlela
• Ukukhathalela umlomo: Ukugqoka okuthambile nokuhlanza umlomo okukhethekile kungavimbela amaqhuzu obuhlungu emlonyeni
• Ukukhathalela isikhumba: Gcina isikhumba sihlanzekile futhi sinamanzi, ikakhulukazi eduze kwendawo yomugqa ophakathi

Ukuqapha izinkinga:

Gcina irekhodi lamihla ngemihla lokushisa komntwana wakho, ukudla, namanqanaba amandla. Xhumana neqembu lakho lezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uqaphela ubushushu, izimpawu zokutheleleka, ukuphuza okungavamile, noma isicanucanu esinamandla nokugabha.

Ukusekela ngokomzwelo:

Gcina ukuba njalo okuningi ngangokunokwenzeka ekuphileni kwengane yakho. Qhubeka nemisebenzi oyithandayo uma izizwa iphilile ngokwanele. Izibhedlela eziningi zineochwepheshe bokuphila kwengane abangakunikeza izinsiza zokusiza izingane ukuba zibhekane nokwelashwa.

Isikole nobuhlobo:

Sebenzisana nesikole sengane yakho ukuhlela ukuqhubeka kwemfundo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa. Izingane eziningi zingaqhubeka nemisebenzi ethile yesikole ekhaya noma zibuyele esikoleni phakathi kwemijikelezo yokwelashwa.

Khumbula ukuthi awudingi ukuphatha konke wedwa. Iqembu lakho lezokwelapha, abasebenzi bezenhlalakahle, namanye imindeni edlula okuhlangenwe nakho okufanayo bangakunikeza ukwesekwa okukhulu nezeluleko eziwusizo.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani izikhathi zakho zokubona udokotela?

Ukuba ulungile ngezikhathi zokubona udokotela kungakusiza ukuba uzuze kakhulu isikhathi sakho neqembu lezokwelapha lengane yakho futhi kuqinisekise ukuthi uthola lonke ulwazi olulodwa. Nanka amathiphu okulungiselela kokubili ukubonisana kokuqala nokubukela okuqhubekayo.

Ngaphambi kokubona udokotela:

• Bhala phansi zonke izimpawu ozibonile, kufaka phakathi ukuthi zaqala nini nokuthi zishintshe kanjani
• Bala wonke amaphilisi, amavithamini, kanye nezinsiza zokunakekela engane yakho ezithathayo
• Lungiselela uhlu lwemibuzo - zibhale phansi ukuze ungazikhohlwa ngaleso sikhathi
• Butha noma yimaphi amarekhodi ezempilo wangaphambili noma imiphumela yokuhlola
• Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngani ukuze uthole ukwesekwa nokukusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi

Imibuzo ongafuna ukuyibuza:

• Luhlobo luni nesigaba se-neuroblastoma engane yami elinayo?
• Ziyini izinketho zokwelashwa futhi yini oyincomayo?
• Ziyini izingozi ezingaba khona zokwelashwa?
• Sizokwazi kanjani ukuthi ukwelashwa kusebenza?
• Yini engingayilinda ekhaya?
• Ingabe kunemisebenzi engane yami okufanele iyenqabe?
• Ziyiphi izinsizakalo zokwesekwa ezitholakalayo emndenini wethu?

Ngesikhathi sokubona udokotela:

Ungangabazi ukubuza uma kukhona okungacaci. Bhala amaphuzu noma ubuze uma ungarekhoda izingxenye ezibalulekile zengxoxo. Qiniseka ukuthi uyayiqonda imigomo elandelayo ngaphambi kokushiya.

Okufanele ukulethe:

Letha amakhadi akho yomshuwalense, uhlu lwemithi oyisebenzisayo njengamanje, izinto zokunethezeka zezingane zakho, ukudla okumnandi, kanye nokuzijabulisa kokuvakashela okungase kube yisikhathi eside.

Khumbula ukuthi iqembu lakho lezokwelapha lifuna ukubambisana nawe ekunakekelweni kwengane yakho. Balindele imibuzo futhi bafuna uzizwe ulwazi futhi uqiniseke ngecebo lokwelashwa.

Iyini into ebaluleke kakhulu mayelana ne-neuroblastoma?

I-Neuroblastoma umdlavuza wezingane, nakuba ukhulu, ubonise ukuthuthuka okukhulu kwemiphumela yokwelashwa eminyakeni engamashumi edlule. Abantwana abaningi abane-neuroblastoma bayaqhubeka bephila impilo enempilo, evamile ngemuva kokwelashwa.

Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu okumele uzikhumbule ukuthi ukutholakala kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwenza umehluko, ukwelashwa kuhluke kakhulu ngokususelwa esimweni esithile sengane yakho, futhi awuwedwa kule ndlela. Amaqembu ezokwelapha anamuhla anamava ekwelapheni i-neuroblastoma nokusekela imindeni ngenqubo.

Nakuba ukuxilongwa kungase kuzwakale kukhulu, gxila ekuthatheni izinto isinyathelo ngesinyathelo. Iqembu lezokwelapha lengane yakho lizokuqondisa kuzo zonke izigaba zokwelashwa futhi likusize ukuqonda ukuthi yini okulindelekile. Imindeni eminingi iyathola ukuthi ukuxhumana namanye amaqembu omndeni aphethwe yizipili ezifanayo kunikeza ukwesekwa okuyigugu nombono.

Themba iqembu lakho lezokwelapha, hlala uxhumene ne-network yakho yokusekela, futhi khumbula ukuthi abantwana banamandla kakhulu. Ngokwelashwa okufanele nokunakekelwa, abantwana abaningi abane-neuroblastoma bayaqhubeka bekhula.

Imibuzo evame ukubuzwa mayelana ne-neuroblastoma

M1: Ingabe i-neuroblastoma ihlala ibulawa?

Cha, i-neuroblastoma ayikubi yilokhu ebulawa. Eqinisweni, abantwana abaningi abane-neuroblastoma baphila futhi baqhubeka bephila impilo evamile. Ithuba lokuphila lixhomeke ezintweni eziningi ezifaka iminyaka yomntwana, ukuthi umdlavuza usakaze kangakanani, kanye nezici ezithile zomdlavuza. I-neuroblastoma engozi encane inezilinganiso ezinhle kakhulu zokuphila, ngokuvamile ngaphezulu kuka-95%. Ngisho namacala ayingozi kakhulu anezimpumelelo eziye zahlela kakhulu ngezindlela zokwelapha zanamuhla.

U-Q2: Ingabe i-neuroblastoma ingabuya ngemuva kokwelashwa?

Yebo, i-neuroblastoma ingabuya, kodwa lokhu akwenzeki kubantwana abaningi. Ingozi yokubuyela emuva ixhomeke ekilasini lokuqala lokutholakala komdlavuza. Ukubuyela emuva okuningi kwenzeka phakathi neminyaka emibili yokuqala ngemuva kokwelashwa, kungakho ukunakekelwa okulandelayo kubaluleke kakhulu. Uma i-neuroblastoma ibuya, kusekhona izinketho zokwelapha ezitholakalayo, kufaka phakathi izindlela ezintsha ezazingatholakali ngaphambili.

U-Q3: Ingabe umntanami uzobe ekwazi ukuphila impilo evamile ngemuva kokwelashwa kwe-neuroblastoma?

Abantwana abaningi abaphila bephephile i-neuroblastoma baqhubeka bephila impilo evamile, enempilo. Bavame ukuya esikoleni, badlale imidlalo, futhi bahlanganyele kuzo zonke imisebenzi yabantwana evamile. Abanye abantwana bangaba nemiphumela yesikhathi eside evela ekwelapheni, kodwa iningi lalezi zingaphathwa kahle. Iqembu lakho lokuwelapha lizophatha ukukhula nomthuthuko womntanakho futhi lixazulule noma yiziphi izinkinga ezivela.

U-Q4: Ingabe i-neuroblastoma iyadluliseleka?

Cha, i-neuroblastoma ayidluliseleki. Ayikwazi ukudluliselwa komunye umuntu ngokuxhumana, ukwabelana ukudla, noma nganoma iyiphi enye indlela. Umdlavuza uvela ekuchinjeni kwamashelu womuntu siqu, hhayi ngokutheleleka ngamagciwane noma amavirus. Umntanakho angaxhumana ngokuphepha nabangane, amalungu omndeni, nabafundi bakhe ngaphandle kwengozi yokusabalalisa isifo.

U-Q5: Kufanele ngithole ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic komndeni wami?

Ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic kuphakanyiswa kuphela ezimweni ezithile kakhulu, njengoba i-neuroblastoma ezuzwe ngokufuywa iyincasa kakhulu (1-2% yezimo). Udokotela wakho angase aphakamise ukwelulekwa kwe-genetic uma i-neuroblastoma ikhona emndenini wakho, uma ingane yakho ihlonishwe eneminyaka emincane kakhulu, noma uma kukhona ezinye izici ezingavamile. Emindenini eminingi, ukuhlolwa kwe-genetic akudingeki ngoba iningi lezimbangela ze-neuroblastoma livela ngokungahleliwe.