Iyini i-Neurodermatitis? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Iyini i-neurodermatitis?

I-Neurodermatitis yisimo sesikhumba esenza izikhumba ezinzima, ezinezikali esikhumbeni sakho ngenxa yokukroba okubuyeleyo noma ukuqhwaba. Kubizwa nangokuthi i-lichen simplex chronicus, futhi ngokuvamile ithonya izindawo ezincane zomzimba wakho njengentamo, ihlombe, izikhokhonjana, noma izitho zangasese.

Lesi simo siqala ngokukroba okubangela ukukroba, okwenza isikhumba sibe nzima futhi sibe lukhulu. Cabanga ngakho njengendlela yesikhumba sakho yokuzivimbela ekuqabukeni okuqhubekayo, kodwa le nqobo yokuzivikela empeleni yenza inkinga ibe mbi kakhulu. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi i-neurodermatitis ayithwali futhi ingaphathwa kahle ngokwelashwa okufanele.

Ngokungafani nezinye izimo zesikhumba, i-neurodermatitis ithuthukiswa ngenxa yokuziphatha kwakho kokukroba kunokuba yisifo sesikhumba esingaphansi. Izikhumba ngokuvamile zibonakala zicacile ngemikhawulo ecacile, futhi ngokuvamile zizizwa zinobukhulu.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-neurodermatitis?

Impumelelo oyibona kakhulu ukukroba okukhulu okuvamise ukuba mbi kakhulu ebusuku noma lapho unesikhathi esinzima. Lokhu kukroba kungaba lukhulu kangangokuthi kuhlupha ubuthongo bakho nemisebenzi yansuku zonke.

Nazi izimpawu eziyinhloko okufanele uzibheke:

• Izikhumba ezinzima, ezinjengezikhumba ezinzima ezinzima ukuzithinta.
• Isikumba esinezikali noma esiqhwagayo ezindaweni ezihlaselekile.
• Izikhumba ezimnyama noma eziluhlaza uma kuqhathaniswa nombala wesikhumba sakho.
• Imikhawulo ecacile ezungezile izikhumba ezihlaselekile.
• Ukukroba, ukusoka, noma amaqhubu avulekile okuvela ekukrobeni okuqhubekayo.
• Ukuwa kwezinwele ezindaweni lapho ube ukroba khona ikhanda lakho.
• Ukusha noma ukuvutha ezimweni ezinzima.

Izikhumba ngokuvamile zilinganisa phakathi kwama-3 kuya kuma-6 amasentimitha, yize zingaba khulu ezinye izimo. Ungase futhi uqaphele ukuthi ukukroba kuba ngokuzenzakalelayo, kwenzeka ngisho noma awucabangi ngakho.

Ziyini izinhlobo ze-neurodermatitis?

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko ze-neurodermatitis, nokuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olukhona kusiza ukuqondisa ukwelashwa. Womabili ama-type ahilela isimiso esifanayo sokukroba-ukukroba kodwa athinta izindawo ezahlukene zomzimba wakho.

I-neurodermatitis ehlukanisiwe ithonya izindawo ezithile, ezincane zesikhumba sakho. Izindawo ezivamile zihlanganisa intamo yakho, ihlombe, ama-forearms, imilenze, izikhokhonjana, noma indawo yangempela. Lolu hlobo ngokuvamile luthuthukisa iphakheji elilodwa noma amabili ongabona futhi uzizwe.

I-neurodermatitis ebanzi isakazeka ezindaweni ezinkulu zomzimba wakho futhi ingathinta izindawo eziningi ngesikhathi esisodwa. Lolu hlobo aluvamile kodwa luvamise ukuba nzima ukulwelapha ngoba lihlanganisa indawo enkulu yesikhumba.

Yini ebangela i-neurodermatitis?

I-Neurodermatitis ithuthukiswa lapho okuthile kukubangela ukuba ukrobe noma uqhwaba isikhumba sakho ngokuphindaphindiwe. Imbangela eqondile ihlukahluka kumuntu ngamunye, kodwa ihlale ihilela lesi simiso sokukroba nokukroba esikhumba sakho sisabela ngokwenza sibe nzima.

Izici eziningana zingaqala lesi simiso:

• Ukuklama izinambuzane okuqhubeka nokukroba isikhathi eside ngemuva kokuba kufanele zilungile.
• Izingubo ezinzima noma ubucwebe obuqhwaba esikhumbeni sakho.
• Izimo zesikhumba ezikhona njenge-eczema noma i-psoriasis.
• Isikumba esomile esizizwa singakhululekile.
• Ukuqina, ukukhathazeka, noma imikhuba yezinzwa.
• Isimo sezulu esishisayo, esimanzi esenza isikhumba sakho sizizwe siqabukile.
• Izinto ezithile njenge-wool ezizizwa zikroba esikhumbeni sakho.
• Izinto eziqabukisayo ezisobani, izinto zokuhlanza, noma izimonyo.

Ngezinye izikhathi imbangela yokuqala iyaphela, kodwa umkhuba wokukroba uqhubeka ngoba isikhumba sakho esinzima sihlala sizizwa sikroba. Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukonakala kwama-nerve noma izimo ezithile ze-neurological zingase zifake isandla ekuzweleni kokukroba okuqhubekayo.

Nini okufanele ubheke udokotela nge-neurodermatitis?

Kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wakho uma uqaphela izikhumba ezinzima, ezinezikali ezithuthukiswayo esikhumbeni sakho ezingapheli ngokufaka umswakama oluqondile. Ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kungavimbela isimo ukuba singabi sibi futhi kusize ukuphazamisa isimiso sokukroba-ukukroba kalula.

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uhlangabezana nanoma yiziphi lezi zimo:

• Ukukroba kunzima kangangokuthi kuhlupha ubuthongo bakho njalo.
• Ube ukroba amasonto angaphezu kwamibili ngaphandle kokuthuthuka.
• Isikumba esihilelekile siqala ukutheleleka ngama-pus, imigqa ebomvu, noma ukuwa.
• Izikhumba zisakazeka ezindaweni ezintsha zomzimba wakho.
• Uyakroba ngokungazi futhi awukwazi ukuyeka.
• Isimo siyakuthinta umsebenzi wakho, ubuhlobo, noma imisebenzi yansuku zonke.
• Ukwelashwa okungaphezu kokuthengwa esitolo akusizanga ngemuva kwamasonto amabili okusetshenziswa okuqhubekayo.

Ungalindi uma uqaphela izimpawu zokutheleleka, njengoba lokhu kungabangela izinkinga ezinzima kakhulu. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza ukwelashwa okuqinile futhi akusize uthuthukise amasu okuyeka umkhuba wokukroba.

Ziyini izici ezingaholela e-neurodermatitis?

Izici ezithile zenza kube lula ukuthuthukisa i-neurodermatitis, yize noma ubani angathola lesi simo uma ekroba isikhumba sakhe ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ukuqonda izici zakho ezingaholela kusiza ukuba uthathe izinyathelo zokuvikela.

Unezingozi eziphezulu uma:

• Uphakathi kweminyaka engama-30 kuya kwengu-50, lapho isimo sivame ukwenzeka khona.
• Ungowesifazane, njengoba abesifazane bethuthukisa i-neurodermatitis kakhulu kunamadoda.
• Unembali ye-eczema, i-psoriasis, noma ezinye izimo zesikhumba.
• Uhlangabezana namanqanaba aphezulu okucindezeleka noma ukukhathazeka njalo.
• Uneminqwaba yokuphoqelela noma imikhuba yezinzwa.
• Uhlala ezindaweni ezishisayo, ezimanzi ezingaqabukisa isikhumba sakho.
• Unezihlobo ezinezinhlungu zesikhumba noma ukungezwani.
• Usebenza nezinto ezinobuthi noma eziqabukisayo ezithinta isikhumba sakho.

Ezinye izici ezingavamile zihlanganisa ukuba nezimo ezithile zokungezwani komzimba noma ukuthatha imithi engabangela ukululama kwesikhumba. Abantu abane-diabetes bangase babe nengozi encane ngenxa yokuhlukahluka kwesikhumba okuhlotshaniswa nesimo.

Ziyini izinkinga ezingaba khona ze-neurodermatitis?

Abantu abaningi abane-neurodermatitis abanawo ama-complications amakhulu, kodwa ukukroba okuqhubekayo kungabangela izinkinga ezithile ezinkulu. Ukukhathazeka okuyinhloko ukuthi ukukroba okuqhubekayo konakalisa isikhumba sakho sokuvikela.

Nazi izinkinga ezingathuthuka:

• Ukutheleleka kwesikhumba kwe-bacterial okudinga ukwelashwa kwe-antibiotic.
• Ukwenziwa kwama-scars noma amabala amnyama lapho ube ukroba khona.
• Isikumba esinzima esingase singabuyeli esimweni sayo.
• Amaqhubu avulekile abambezeleka ukuphulukisa.
• Ukuhlupheka kokulala okubangela ukukhathala nokuguquka kwesimo sengqondo.
• Ukuqina noma ukukhathazeka okuhlobene nokubonakala kwesikhumba sakho.
• Ukuhlukaniswa komphakathi ngenxa yokujabula ngesimo.

Ezimweni ezingavamile, ukukroba okuqhubekayo kungabangela ukonakala kwezicubu ejulile noma i-cellulitis, ukutheleleka okukhulu kwesikhumba okusakazeka ezindaweni ejulile. Abanye abantu futhi bathuthukisa ukuguquka okungapheli kombala wesikhumba okungase kungapheli ngisho nangemuva kokwelashwa.

I-neurodermatitis ingavikeleka kanjani?

Unganciphisa kakhulu ingozi yakho yokuthuthukisa i-neurodermatitis ngokugwema izinto ezibangela ukuba ufuna ukukroba isikhumba sakho. Ukuvimbela kugxile ekuqondiseni isikhumba sakho siphilile futhi ulawule ukucindezeleka okungabangela imikhuba yokukroba.

Nazi izindlela zokuvikela eziphumelelayo:

• Gcina isikhumba sakho sifakwe umswakama ngama-lotions angenayo i-fragrance nsuku zonke.
• Gqoka izingubo eziqondile, eziphefumula ezenziwe ngezinto ezithambile njengekotoni.
• Lawula ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokupumula, ukuzivocavoca, noma ukwelashwa.
• Gcina iinzipho zakho zifushane futhi zithambile ukuze unciphise ukonakala okuvela ekukrobeni.
• Sebenzisa izobani ezithambile, ezingenayo i-fragrance nezinto zokuhlanza.
• Bheka izimo zesikhumba ezikhona njenge-eczema ngokushesha.
• Gwema izinto ezaziwayo eziqabukisayo ezenza isikhumba sakho sizizwe sikroba.
• Yenza imikhuba emihle yokulala ukuze unciphise ukukroba ebusuku.

Uma uqaphela ukuthi uthuthukisa imikhuba yokukroba, zama ukuqondisa leyo namandla kwezinye imisebenzi njengokucindezela ibhola lokucindezeleka noma ukufaka izikhwama ezibandayo ezindaweni ezikroba. Ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni kungavimbela isimo ukuba singathuthuki.

I-neurodermatitis ihlonishwa kanjani?

Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile angakwazi ukuxilonga i-neurodermatitis ngokuhlola isikhumba sakho nokubuza ngezimpawu zakho nemikhuba yokukroba. Izikhumba ezibonakalayo ezinzima, ezinezikali ngemikhawulo ecacile ngokuvamile zanele ukwenza ukuxilongwa.

Phakathi nokubonisana kwakho, umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzobheka izici ezibalulekile. Bazohlola ubukhulu nokuvela kwesikhumba esihilelekile, babuze ukuthi ube ukroba isikhathi esingakanani, futhi baxoxe ngalokho okungenzeka ukuthi kwabangela ukukroba kokuqala.

Ngezinye izikhathi udokotela wakho angenza amavivinyo engeziwe ukuze akhiphe ezinye izimo:

• I-biopsy yesikhumba ukuhlola izicubu ngaphansi komkhiqizo uma ukuxilongwa kungacaci.
• Ukuhlola i-patch ukuthola izinto ezingaholela ekungezwani ezingase zibangele ukuqabuka.
• Ukukhiqizwa kwe-bacterial uma kunesimpawu sokutheleleka.
• Izivivinyo zegazi ukuhlola izimo ezingaphansi kwezimo ezingavamile.

Udokotela wakho uzofuna futhi ukuqonda amazinga akho okucindezeleka nanoma yimiphi imikhuba yezinzwa onayo, njengoba lezi zidlalayo indima ebalulekile kokubili ekuxilongweni nasekulungiseni ukwelashwa.

Ukuphathwa kwe-neurodermatitis kuyini?

Ukuphathwa kwe-neurodermatitis kugxile ekuqedeni isimiso sokukroba-ukukroba nokuphakamisa isikhumba sakho esonakele. Udokotela wakho cishe uzokuncoma ukuxuba kwemithi namasu okuziphatha ukuze uqonde kokubili izici zokwenyama nezokuziphatha zesimo.

Ukuphathwa okuphumelelayo kakhulu kuhlanganisa:

• I-topical corticosteroids ukuze unciphise ukuvuvukala nokukroba.
• I-calcineurin inhibitors njenge-tacrolimus yezindawo ezinzima.
• Ama-moisturizers amakhulu noma ama-barrier creams ukuvikela nokuphulukisa isikhumba.
• I-oral antihistamines ukuze unciphise ukukroba, ikakhulukazi ebusuku.
• Ukubopha okuphakathi noma amabhande ukuvimbela ukukroba.
• Ama-gels apholile noma ama-creams asekelwe ku-menthol ukuze uthole ukukhululeka kokukroba ngokushesha.
• Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha ukuze uqede imikhuba yokukroba.
• Amasu okulawula ukucindezeleka nokuqeqeshwa kokupumula.

Ezimweni ezinzima ezingaphenduli ekwelapheni okuqondile, udokotela wakho angase akuncome i-corticosteroids eyenziwe nge-injection, i-phototherapy, noma imithi emisha njenge-topical JAK inhibitors. Abanye abantu bazuza kuma-antidepressants angasiza kokubili esimweni sengqondo nasekuzweleni kokukroba.

Indlela yokuphatha i-neurodermatitis ekhaya?

Ukukhathalela ekhaya kudlala indima ebalulekile ekuphatheni i-neurodermatitis nokuvimbela ukubuyela kwesimo. Okubalulekile ukudala indawo esekela ukuphulukiswa kwesikhumba ngenkathi ikusiza ukuba ukhulule ukukroba.

Nazi izindlela zokuphatha ekhaya eziphumelelayo kakhulu:

• Faka umswakama omkhulu, ongenayo i-fragrance ngokushesha ngemuva kokugeza ngesikhathi isikhumba sisamanzi.
• Sebenzisa izikhwama ezibandayo noma ama-ice packs lapho ukukroba kuqala.
• Gcina ikhaya lakho lipholile futhi limanzi ukuvimbela isikhumba ukuba singomi.
• Gqoka iigloves zekotoni ebusuku ukuvimbela ukukroba okungaziwa.
• Yenza imikhuba yokupumula njengokuphefumula okujulile noma ukucamngca.
• Vala izindawo ezihilelekile ngezingubo noma amabhande ngezikhathi zokucindezeleka okukhulu.
• Thatha izimbobo ezishisayo nge-colloidal oatmeal noma i-baking soda.
• Zitholele imisebenzi lapho uzizwa ufuna ukukroba.

Ukudala uhlelo oluzinzile lokukhathalela isikhumba kusiza isikhumba sakho siphulukise ngokushesha futhi kunciphisa amathuba okubuyela kwesimo esikhathini esizayo. Khumbula ukuthi ukuphulukisa kudinga isikhathi, ngakho-ke bekezela nenqubo futhi gubha ukuthuthuka okuncane.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani ukubonisana kwakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela ukubonisana kwakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola uhlelo lokwelashwa oluphumelelayo kakhulu le-neurodermatitis yakho. Udokotela wakho uzodinga ulwazi oluqondile mayelana nezimpawu zakho nemikhuba yokukroba ukuze enze izincomo ezinhle kakhulu.

Ngaphambi kokuvakasha kwakho, qaphela lezi zindaba ezibalulekile:

• Lapho uqaphela khona izikhumba ezinzima, ezinezikali esikhumbeni sakho.
• Yini ebangela ukuba ufuna ukukroba kakhulu.
• Indlela ukukroba okuthinta ngayo ubuthongo bakho nemisebenzi yansuku zonke.
• Noma yikuphi ukwelashwa osele uzama nokuphumela kwakho.
• Imithi, izithasiselo, noma imikhiqizo yendawo oyisebenzisayo.
• Izici zokucindezeleka zakamuva noma izinguquko ekuphileni kwakho.
• Umbali wemindeni yezimo zesikhumba noma ukungezwani.
• Imibuzo mayelana nezinketho zokwelashwa nesikhathi sokuphulukisa okulindelekile.

Cabanga ukuthatha izithombe zezindawo ezihilelekile ngaphambi kokubonisana kwakho, ikakhulukazi uma ukubonakala kuguquka usuku lonke. Lokhu kungasiza udokotela wakho ukuthi aqonde kangcono ububi nokuqhubeka kwesimo sakho.

Iyini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-neurodermatitis?

I-Neurodermatitis yisimo sesikhumba esilawuleka esithuthukiswa isimiso sokukroba-ukukroba, kodwa ngokwelashwa okufanele nokunakekelwa kwakho, ungaphazamisa lesi simiso futhi ubuyisele impilo yesikhumba sakho. Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyikhumbule ukuthi lesi simo sidinga kokubili ukwelashwa kwezokwelapha nokuguqulwa kokuziphatha ukuze kube yiphumelelo.

Impumelelo ixhomeke ekuzinikeleni kwakho ekulandeleni uhlelo lokwelashwa kwakho njalo, ngisho noma uqala ukuzizwa kangcono. Abantu abaningi babona ukuthuthuka okukhulu phakathi kwamasonto ambalwa okuqala ukwelashwa, yize ukuphulukisa okuphelele kungathatha izinyanga eziningi.

Ungadangali uma ukuthuthuka kuzwakala kuhamba kancane ekuqaleni. Isikumba sakho sidinga isikhathi sokulungisa ukonakala okuvela ekukrobeni okuphindaphindiwe, futhi ukuthuthukisa imikhuba emisha kudinga ukuzilolonga. Ngokubekezela nendlela efanele, ungabuya ulawule izimpawu zakho futhi uvikele ukubuyela kwesimo esikhathini esizayo.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana ne-neurodermatitis

Q1: Kuthatha isikhathi esingakanani i-neurodermatitis ukuphulukisa?

Abantu abaningi baqala ukubona ukuthuthuka phakathi kwamasonto angu-2-4 okuqala ukwelashwa, kodwa ukuphulukisa okuphelele ngokuvamile kuthatha izinyanga ezingu-2-6 kuye ngokuthi isimo sibubi kangakanani. Isikumba esinzima sidinga isikhathi sokubuyela esimweni sayo, futhi ukuqeda umkhuba wokukroba kuyinqubo ehamba kancane edinga ukuzekazelela nokuzinikela.

Q2: Ingabe i-neurodermatitis ingasakazeka kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba wami?

I-Neurodermatitis ayisakazeki njengokutheleleka, kodwa ungathuthukisa izikhumba ezintsha uma uqala ukukroba ezinye izindawo zesikhumba sakho. Lokhu ngokuvamile kwenzeka lapho amazinga okucindezeleka ekhuphuka noma uma uthuthukisa umkhuba wokukroba ezindaweni ezahlukene. Ukuba uqaphele ukuziphatha kwakho kokukroba kusiza ukuvimbela izikhumba ezintsha ukuba zingathuthuki.

Q3: Ingabe i-neurodermatitis ifana ne-eczema?

Ngesikhathi i-neurodermatitis ne-eczema zibonakala zifana, zizimo ezahlukene. I-Eczema ngokuvamile ithuthukiswa ngokungezwani noma izici ze-genetic futhi ithonya izindawo ezinkulu zesikhumba, ngenkathi i-neurodermatitis ivela ngokuqondile ekukrobeni okuphindaphindiwe futhi idala izikhumba ezinzima, ezicacile. Noma kunjalo, abantu abane-eczema banezingozi eziphezulu zokuthuthukisa i-neurodermatitis.

Q4: Ingabe amabala amnyama noma ama-scars okuvela e-neurodermatitis azobuya?

Ukuhlukahluka kombala okuningi okuvela e-neurodermatitis kuzobuya kancane kancane ngezinyanga ezimbalwa kuya konyaka ngemuva kokuba ukukroba kuyeka futhi isikhumba sakho siphulukile. Noma kunjalo, ezinye izinguquko ezingapheli kombala wesikhumba noma ubukhulu zingase zihlale, ikakhulukazi uma ube ukroba isikhathi eside. Ukwelashwa kwasekuqaleni kusiza ukunciphisa ingozi yokwenziwa kwama-scars.

Q5: Ingabe ukucindezeleka kungenza i-neurodermatitis ibe mbi kakhulu?

Yebo, ukucindezeleka kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezibangela ukubuyela kwesimo se-neurodermatitis. Uma unesikhathi esinzima, cishe uyakroba ngokungazi, futhi ama-hormones okucindezeleka angenza isikhumba sakho sibe lula ekukrobeni. Ukuphatha ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokupumula, ukuzivocavoca, noma ukwelashwa ngokuvamile kuholela ekuthuthukiseni okukhulu kwezimpawu.