Uyini i-Neuromyelitis Optica? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, & Ukwelashwa

I-Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) iyisimo esingavamile sezifo eziqaleka ngokuzimela esihlasela ikakhulukazi izinzwa zakho zamehlo kanye nomgogodla wakho. Isistimu yakho yokuzikhusela ihlasela ngephutha izicubu eziphilile kulezi zindawo, ibangele ukuvuvukala nokubhujiswa okungabangela izinkinga zobona kanye nezinkinga zokunyakaza.

Lesi simo kwakucatshangwa ngaphambili ukuthi luhlobo lwe-multiple sclerosis, kodwa manje siyazi ukuthi luyisifo esihlukile esinamakharekthara aso kanye nezindlela zokwelapha. Ngakho-ke i-NMO ingaba nzima, ukuqonda ukuthi ubhekene nani nokuthola ukunakekelwa okufanele kungenza umehluko omkhulu ekulawuleni izimpawu zakho nokuvikela impilo yakho yesikhathi eside.

Ziyini izimpawu ze-neuromyelitis optica?

Izimpawu ze-NMO zivame ukuvela ngokuzumayo futhi zingaba nzima kakhulu. Lesi simo sihlanganisa ikakhulu izindawo ezimbili zesimiso sakho sezinzwa, okusho ukuthi cishe uzobhekana nezinkinga ezihlobene noku bona, izinkinga zomgogodla, noma kokubili.

Nanku ongaqaphela uma i-NMO ihlasela ukubona kwakho:

• Ukulahlekelwa kobona ngokuzumayo elinye noma womabili amehlo
• Ubuhlungu beliso obukhulu uma uhambisa amehlo akho
• Imibala ibonakala ihlanzekile noma imnyama
• Amabala aphithizelayo endaweni yakho yokubona
• Ubuphela obuphelele ezigulini ezinzima

Uma i-NMO ihlasela umgogodla wakho, ungase ube nezimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ubuthakathaka noma ukungakwazi ukunyakaza kwezandla noma imilenze yakho
• Ukuqina noma ukuthamba
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu emhlane noma entanyeni
• Izinkinga zokulawula i-bladder noma i-bowel
• Ubunzima ekuhambeni noma ukungakwazi ukuhamba ngokuphelele
• Ukubamba kwemisipha noma ukunqabela

Abanye abantu nabo baba nezimpawu ezingavamile njengokuhleka okuqhubekayo, isicanucanu, noma ukugabha uma izindawo ezithile zobuchopho zihilelekile. Lezi zimpawu zingaba yinkinga ngokukhethekile ngoba zibonakala zingahlobene nezici eziyinhloko ze-NMO, kodwa empeleni zihlanganiswe nokuvuvukala kwezindawo ezithile zobuchopho.

Ubukhulu bezimpawu zingase zihluke kakhulu kumuntu nomuntu. Abanye abantu bayaphola kahle phakathi kwesikhathi, kanti abanye bangase babe nemiphumela ehlala njalo ethonya imisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke.

Imiphi imikhakha ye-neuromyelitis optica?

Odokotela bayazi imikhakha emibili ebalulekile ye-NMO ngokuya ngokuthi imakhi antibodi ethile ikhona yini egazini lakho. Ukuqonda ukuthi yiluphi uhlobo olulile kusiza ekuqondiseni izinqumo zokwelashwa futhi kunikeza ukuqonda kokuthi yini okulindelekile.

I-NMO enama-antibodies we-AQP4 yiluhlobo oluvamile kunazo zonke, oluthinta cishe amaphesenti angu-70-80 abantu abanesimo. La ma-antibodies ahlose iprotheni ebizwa nge-aquaporin-4 etholakala ebuchosheni nasemgogweni wakho. Abantu abalolu hlobo bavame ukuba nokuphulukana okukhulu futhi bangase babe sengozini enkulu yokuba nezimo ezizayo.

I-NMO engenama-antibodies we-AQP4, ngezinye izikhathi ebizwa nge-seronegative NMO, ithonya amaphesenti angu-20-30 asaleyo abantu. Abanye balaba bantu bangase babe nama-antibodies ahlangene neprotheni enye ebizwa nge-MOG (myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein). Lolu hlobo ngezinye izikhathi lungaba nomkhondo olukhulu, yize izimpawu ezinkulu zingase zenzeke.

Muva nje, odokotela nabo baye baqaphela isigaba esibanzi esibizwa nge-neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Lokhu kuhlanganisa abantu abanawo amanye ama-features e-NMO kodwa abangagcwalisi zonke izindinganiso zesiko. Ukuqonda le miqondo kusiza iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukunikeza ukunakekelwa okufanele kakhulu isimo sakho esithile.

Yini ebangela i-neuromyelitis optica?

I-NMO kwenzeka lapho i-immune system yakho idideka futhi iqala ukuhlasela izingxenye ezempilo zesimiso sakho sezinzwa. Isizathu esiqondile sokuthi lokhu kwenzeke asiqondakali ngokuphelele, kodwa abacwaningi baye baqaphela izinto eziningi ezisenzeka ndawonye ukuze kuqalwe isimo.

Imbangela ephambili ihilela umzimba wakho okhiqiza ama-antibody ahlanganisa ngephutha amaprotheni ohlelweni lwakho lwezinzwa. Ezimweni eziningi, la ma-antibody ahlasela i-aquaporin-4, iprotheni esiza ekulawuleni ukulingana kwamanzi ebuchosheni bakho nasemgogweni wakho. Uma la ma-antibody ehlangana neprotheni, aqhuba ukuvuvukala nokwenzakala kwezicubu ezizungezile.

Izici eziningi zingase zifake isandla ekuthuthukiseni i-NMO:

• Ukukhethwa kwemfuyo - ukuguqulwa kwe-gene ethile kungakwenza ube sengozini enkulu
• Ukutheleleka - ukutheleleka okubangelwa yi-viral noma i-bacterial kungase kuqalise impendulo ye-autoimmune
• Ezinye izimo ze-autoimmune - ukuba nezimo ezinjengolupus noma i-Sjögren's syndrome kukhulisa ingozi
• Izici zemvelo - nakuba abaphembeleli abacacile abakaqondakali kahle

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi i-NMO ayithatheki futhi awenzanga lutho ukuyibangela. Isimo sibonakala sivela ekusebenzelaneni okunzima phakathi kwezakhiwo zakho nezici zemvelo abasayensi abasasebenza ukuze baqonde ngokuphelele.

Abesifazane bayathinteka kakhulu kunamadoda, ikakhulukazi abesifazane base-Afrika, base-Asia, noma base-Hispanic. Isimo singathuthuka kunoma iyiphi iminyaka, kodwa ngokuvamile libonakala kubantu abadala abaneminyaka engama-30 kuya kwengu-40.

Nini okufanele ubona udokotela nge-neuromyelitis optica?

Kufanele ufune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nokwehluleka kokubona okungazelelwe, ubuhlungu obukhulu buliso, noma ukuqala okusheshayo kokubuthakathaka noma ukungabi namandla ezinyaweni zakho. Lezi zikhathi zingabonisa ukuvuvukala okukhulu okudinga ukwelashwa okusheshayo ukuvimbela ukonakala okungapheli.

Ungalindi ukubona uma izimpawu ziphucuka zodwa. Iziqephu ze-NMO zingabangela ukonakala okungapheli uma zingaphathwa ngokushesha, ngakho-ke ukuthola ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha phakathi kwamahora noma izinsuku zokuqala kwezimpawu kubalulekile ukuze uthole umphumela omuhle kakhulu.

Iya endaweni yokwelashwa kwezimo eziphuthumayo ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nalokhu:

• Ukwehluleka kokuqala noma okuphelele kokubona
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu buliso oluhambisana nokuhlala kokubona
• Ukukhula okusheshayo kokubuthakathaka noma ukungasebenzi kwemisipha
• Ukwehluleka kokulawula imisipha yomchamo noma yomathumbu
• Ubuhlungu obukhulu, obungachazeki emhlane noma entanyeni oluhambisana nezimpawu zezinzwa

Ngisho noma izimpawu zakho zibonakala zingenamandla noma ziye zihambe, kufanele ukuxoxe ngazo nodokotela wakho. Ukuxilongwa kwasekuqaleni nokuphathwa kungasiza ukuvimbela ukubuyela emuva kwesikhathi esizayo nokunciphisa ingozi yokukhubazeka okungapheli.

Uma usuvele uthola ukuxilongwa kwe-NMO, xhumana neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha uma ubona noma yiziphi izimpawu ezintsha noma uma izimpawu ezikhona ziya zibi. Bangakusiza ukuthola ukuthi uhlushwa yini ukubuyela emuva okudinga ukwelashwa. Yini izimbangela zengozi ze-neuromyelitis optica?

Izici eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okukhula kwe-NMO, yize ukuba nalezi zici zengozi akusho ukuthi uzoba naleli simo. Ukuqonda lezi zici kungakusiza wena nodokotela wakho ukuba niqaphele izimpawu zokuqala.

Ubulili nohlanga kudlala indima ebalulekile engozini ye-NMO. Abesifazane banethuba elingaba ngama-9 elingaphezulu lokukhula kwesimo kunabesilisa, ikakhulukazi phakathi neminyaka yabo yokuzala. Abantu abavela e-Afrika, e-Asia, nase-Hispanic banesilinganiso esiphezulu se-NMO uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abavela eYurophu.

Nawa ama-risk factors amakhulu adokotela abawabonile:

• Ukuba owesifazane, ikakhulukazi phakathi kweminyaka engama-30-40
• Ukuba nohlanga lwase-Afrika, e-Asia, noma i-Hispanic
• Umlando womndeni wezimo zokuziphatha komzimba
• Ukuba nezifo ezinye zokuziphatha komzimba njengolupus noma i-Sjögren's syndrome
• Ukuguquguquka okuthile kwe-genetic okuthinta umsebenzi wokuziphatha komzimba
• Ukutheleleka kwangaphambili, ikakhulukazi lokho okuthinta uhlelo lwezinzwa

Ezinye izimbangela zengozi ezingavamile adokotela abazifunda zisafunda zihlanganisa imithi ethile, ukucindezeleka, nokuguquka kwe-hormonal. Ukukhulelwa ngezinye izikhathi kungaba yimbangela yeziqephu ze-NMO, yize abesifazane abaningi abaneli simo babe nezingane ngempumelelo ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi abantu abaningi abanezi zici zengozi abakutholi i-NMO. Isimo sisafana kakhulu, sithinta kuphela abantu abangu-1-2 ngaba-100,000 kubantu abaningi.

Ziyini izinhlanganisela ezingaba khona ze-neuromyelitis optica?

I-NMO ingabangela izinhlanganisela eziningi ezinkulu, ikakhulukazi uma ukubuyela emuva kungelashwa ngokushesha noma uma isimo singalawulwa kahle ngokwelashwa okuvimbelayo. Ukuqonda lezi zinhlanganisela ezingaba khona kuqakathekisa ukuthi kungani ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwezokwelapha kubaluleke kangaka.

Izinhlanganisela ezihlobene noku bona zingaba kusukela ezincinyane kuya ezinkulu futhi zingathinta iso elilodwa noma womabili. Abanye abantu bahlushwa yizinkinga zokubona ezingapheli ezithuthuka ngokwelashwa, kanti abanye bangaba nezinguquko ezingapheli ezithinta imisebenzi yabo yansuku zonke nokuzimela kwabo.

Izinhlanganisela ezivamile ongahlangabezana nazo zihlanganisa:

• Ukulahlekelwa kokubona okungapheli noma ubuthakathaka beliso elilodwa noma womabili
• Ubunzima bokubona imibala noma ukucaca kokubona
• Izinkinga zokunyakaza eziqala ebuthakathakeni kuya ekungakhoni ukunyakaza nhlobo
• Ubuhlungu obuhlala njalo, ikakhulukazi ubuhlungu be-neuropathic obuvela ekwenzakaleni kwezinzwa
• Ukusebenza okungalungile kwesisu nomgudu okudinga ukunakekelwa okuqhubekayo
• Ukusebenza okungalungile kobulili ngenxa yokuthinteka komgogodla

Ezinye izinhlanganisela ezingavamile kodwa ezinkulu zingaba khona uma i-NMO ithinta izindawo zobuchopho ngaphandle kwezinzwa zokubona nomgogodla. Lezi zingaba yisicanucanu esingaqedi nesicanucanu, ubunzima boku kuphefumula, noma izinkinga zokulawula ukushisa komzimba.

Usizi nokukhathazeka nakho kuyizinkathazo ezinkulu kubantu abaningi abane-NMO. Ukuphila nesimo esingapheli esingabangela ukukhubazeka ngokwemvelo kuthinta inhlalakahle yakho yozwela, futhi lezi zici zempilo yengqondo kufanele zinikezwe ukunakekelwa nokwelashwa kanye nezimpawu zokwenyama.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngokwelashwa okufanele, izinhlanganisela eziningi zingavikeleka noma zinciphisiwe. Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokunakekelwa okuqhubekayo kwezokwelapha kuthuthukisa kakhulu amathuba akho okuhlala unomsebenzi nokuhlala uphila kahle.

I-neuromyelitis optica ingavikeleka kanjani?

Ngeshwa, ayikho indlela yokuvimbela i-NMO ekuqaleni ngoba asiqondi ngokuphelele zonke izici ezibangela isimo. Noma kunjalo, uma usuvele une-NMO, kunezindlela ezisebenzayo zokuvimbela ukubuyela emuva kwesikhathi esizayo nokunciphisa ingozi yezinhlanganisela.

Iqhinga elibaluleke kakhulu lokuvimbela lihilela ukuthatha imithi yokucindezela ukusebenza komzimba njengoba kuyalelwe udokotela wakho. Le mithi iyasiza ukuthula uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lomzimba olukhulu futhi kunciphisa kakhulu amathuba okuhlaselwa kwesikhathi esizayo ohlelweni lwakho lwezinzwa.

Izindlela eziningi zokuvimbela zingasiza ekuvikeleni impilo yakho yesikhathi eside:

• Ukuthatha imithi yokucindezela ukusebenza komzimba njalo njengoba kuyalelwe
• Ukuya emihlanganweni yokulandelela njalo neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo
• Ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha kokutheleleka, okungabangela ukubuyela emuva
• Ukulawula ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokupumula noma ukwelulekwa
• Ukuhlala unempilo enhle ngokudla okufanele nokuzivocavoca okufanele
• Ukuqeda izinto ezibangela ukubuyela emuva uma usuvele utholile izakho

Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi izinto ezithile njengokucindezeleka, ukutheleleka, noma ngisho nokuhluka kwezidakamizwa kungabangela ukubuyela emuva. Ukusebenzisana neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukuthola nokulawula lezi zinto ezikubangela wena kungaba yingxenye ebalulekile yeqhinga lakho lokuvimbela.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuba necebo lokubona nokusebenza ngokushesha ezimpawu ezintsha. Lapho uthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha kokubuyela emuva, amathuba akho okuvimbela ukulimala okungapheli amakhulu.

I-neuromyelitis optica ixilongwa kanjani?

Ukuxilongwa kwe-NMO kudinga ukuhlanganiswa kokuhlolwa kwezokwelapha, ukuhlolwa kwegazi okukhethekile, nezifundo zokwenza izithombe. Udokotela wakho uzodinga ukukhipha ezinye izimo ezingabangela izimpawu ezifanayo, ikakhulukazi i-multiple sclerosis.

Inqubo yokuxilongwa iqala ngokuvamile ngomlando wezokwelapha onemininingwane kanye nokuhlolwa kwezinzwa. Udokotela wakho uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, ukuthi zaqala nini, nokuthi ziye zakhula kanjani. Bazokwenza futhi ukuhlolwa ukuhlola ukubona kwakho, ukubonakala, ukuzwa, namandla emisipha.

Ukuhlolwa okubalulekile okusetshenziswa ekuxilongweni kwe-NMO kuhlanganisa:

• Ukuhlolwa kwegazi lwe-AQP4 antibodies - okuhle kuma-70-80% ezimo
• I-MRI scans yobuchopho bakho, izinzwa zokubona, nomgogodla
• I-Lumbar puncture (spinal tap) ukuhlola i-cerebrospinal fluid
• I-Visual evoked potentials ukuhlola umsebenzi wezinzwa zokubona
• I-Optical coherence tomography ukuhlola i-retina

Imiphumela ye-MRI ku-NMO ngokuvamile iyaphawuleka. Izilonda zomgogodla zivame ukuba de kube ngaphezulu kwalapho kubonwa ku-multiple sclerosis, ngokuvamile zide kube ngaphezulu kwezingxenye ezintathu noma ngaphezulu ze-vertebral. Izilonda zobuchopho, uma zikhona, ngokuvamile zenzeka ezindaweni ezithile eziqondene nezindawo ezigcwele amanzi ebuchosheni.

Ukuthola ukuxilongwa okuchane kungaqeda isikhathi, ikakhulukazi uma ukuhlolwa kwakho kwe-antibody kungalungile noma uma izimpawu zakho zincinyane. Udokotela wakho angadinga ukulandela isimo sakho izinyanga eziningi ukuze abone ukuthi sikhula kanjani futhi siphendula kanjani ekwelapheni.

Kwezinye izimo, odokotela bangase baqale ukwelashwa ngokusekelwe ekungabaza kwezokwelapha ngisho nangaphambi kokuba yonke imiphumela yokuhlolwa itholakale, ikakhulukazi uma uhlushwa ukubuyela emuva okukhulu okudingayo ukunakekelwa ngokushesha.

Yini ukwelashwa kwe-neuromyelitis optica?

Ukwelashwa kwe-NMO kugxile emigomweni emibili ebalulekile: ukwelapha ukubuyela emuva okukhulu uma kwenzeka nokuvimbela iziqephu zesikhathi esizayo ekuqaleni. Indlela ethile ixhomeke ekutheni uhlushwa yini ukuhlaselwa okusebenzayo noma udinga ukunakekelwa okuvimbelayo kwesikhathi eside.

Ngokubuyela emuva okukhulu, odokotela ngokuvamile basebenzisa i-corticosteroids eningi enikezwa nge-intravenously izinsuku eziningi. Lokhu ukwelashwa okunamandla kokulwa nokuvuvukala kungasiza ukunciphisa ubukhulu nobude bezimpawu, yize kusebenza kangcono uma kuqalwa ekuqaleni kokubuyela emuva.

Izinketho zokwelapha zeziqephu ezikhulu zihlanganisa:

• I-corticosteroids eningi ye-intravenous (methylprednisolone)
• I-Plasma exchange uma ama-steroids engasizi ngokwanele
• I-Intravenous immunoglobulin njengokwelashwa okunye
• Ukunakekelwa okusekela izimpawu ezithile njengobhlungu noma izinkinga zesisu

Ukwelashwa okuvimbelayo kwesikhathi eside kubalulekile kubantu abaningi abane-NMO. Le mithi iyasiza ukuthula uhlelo lwakho lokusebenza lomzimba ukuvimbela ukuba luhlasele uhlelo lwakho lwezinzwa futhi. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuthola imithi esebenza kahle kakhulu ngezinhlangothi ezimbalwa.

Imithi evamile yokuvimbela ihlanganisa:

• I-Rituximab - ihlose izicubu ezithile zokusebenza komzimba ezihilelekile ku-NMO
• I-Azathioprine - imithi yokucindezela ukusebenza komzimba yendabuko
• I-Mycophenolate mofetil - enye inketho yokucindezela ukusebenza komzimba
• I-Eculizumab - imithi entsha evunyelwe ngokukhethekile ye-NMO
• I-Satralizumab - enye imithi esanda kuvunyelwa
• I-Inebilizumab - inketho entsha yokwelapha evunyelwe yi-FDA

Icebo lakho lokwelashwa lizokwenziwa ngokukhethekile ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezifana nobukhulu besimo sakho, impendulo yakho emithini, izinhlangothi ezingaba khona, nezifiso zakho siqu. Ukulandelela njalo kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwelashwa kwakho kusebenza kahle nokuqaphela noma yiziphi izinhlanganisela.

Indlela yokuphatha i-neuromyelitis optica ekhaya?

Ukuphatha i-NMO ekhaya kuhilela ukuhlanganiswa kokulandela icebo lakho lokwelashwa kwezokwelapha, ukulungisa imisebenzi yakho yansuku zonke, nokugcina impilo yakho jikelele nenhlalakahle. Ukulungiswa okuncane kwesiko lakho kungenza umehluko omkhulu endleleni ozizwa ngayo usuku nosuku.

Ukuthatha imithi yakho ngokuqondile njengoba kuyalelwe yinto ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza ekhaya. Yenza uhlelo lokusiza ukukhumbula izilinganiso zakho, kungaba yikusebenzisa i-pill organizer, ukusetha i-alarms yefoni, noma ukuxhumanisa izikhathi zemithi nemisebenzi yansuku zonke njengokudla.

Nawa amasu asebenzayo angakusiza ukuphatha izimpawu ze-NMO:

• Dala indawo enhle, ekhanyayo uma unezinkinga zokubona
• Sebenzisa izinto zokusiza ukunyakaza njengemikonto noma ama-walkers uma kudingeka ukuphepha
• Faka ama-grab bars nezinye izinto zokuphepha ekhaya lakho
• Lawula ukukhathala ngokulinganisa imisebenzi nokuhlela izikhathi zokuphumula njalo
• Hlala ubandayo, njengoba ukushisa kungenza izimpawu zezinzwa zibe zimbi okwesikhashana
• Zama amasu okulawula ukucindezeleka njengokuphefumula okujulile noma ukucamngca

Uma uhlushwa yizinkinga zesisu noma umgudu, sebenzisana neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ukwenza icebo lokuphatha. Lokhu kungaba ukuya esigodini ngezikhathi ezimisiwe, ukulungisa ukudla, noma ukuzivocavoca okuthile ukuze usize ukulawula.

Ukulawula ubuhlungu ngokuvamile kuyiyingxenye ebalulekile yokunakekelwa ekhaya. Lokhu kungaba imithi eyalelwe, kodwa ungazama futhi ukwelashwa ngokushisa noma ukubanda, ukuzivocavoca okuthambile, noma amasu okuphumula. Hlala ukhulumisana nodokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuzzama izindlela ezintsha.

Ukugcina ubuhlobo bomphakathi nokwenza imisebenzi oyithandayo kungathinta kakhulu ikhwalithi yempilo yakho. Ungangabazi ukucela usizo uma ulikhona, futhi cabanga ukujoyina amaqembu wokusekela lapho ungaxhumana nabanye abantu abaqonda lokho okukudabukisayo.

Kufanele ulungiselele kanjani umhlangano wakho nodokotela?

Ukulungiselela kahle imihlangano yakho yezokwelapha kungasiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola inzuzo enkulu ngesikhathi sakho neqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo. Ukulungiselela okuhle kusiza udokotela wakho ukuqonda isimo sakho samanje nokwenza izinqumo ezinhle zokwelashwa.

Ngaphambi komhlangano wakho, bhala zonke izimpawu zakho zamanje, ngisho noma zibonakala zincinyane noma azinhlobene. Qaphela ukuthi zaqala nini, zingakanani, nokuthi yini ezenza zibe ngcono noma zimbi. Lolu lwazi lusiza udokotela wakho ukulandelela izinguquko esimweni sakho ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Lezi zinto ezibalulekile uzilethe emhlanganweni wakho:

• Uhlu oluphelele lwemithi yonke, kuhlanganise izilinganiso nesikhathi
• Noma yimiphi imiphumela yokuhlolwa yakamuva noma amarekhodi ezokwelapha evela kwabanye odokotela
• Idayari yezimpawu uma usuvele uyigcina
• Amakhadi yomshuwalense nokuhlonza
• Uhlu zemibuzo noma izinkathazo ofuna ukuzixoxa
• Olwazi lokuxhumana lwabanye abahlinzeki bezempilo eqenjini lakho

Cabanga ngezinkathazo ezisebenzayo ofuna ukuzixoxa, njengokulawula izinhlangothi, ukulungisa umsebenzi wakho noma izinga lomsebenzi, noma ukuhlela uhambo. Udokotela wakho angakunikeza isiqondiso esibalulekile kulezi zinselele zansuku zonke.

Cabanga ukuletha ilungu lomndeni noma umngane emihlanganweni ebalulekile. Bangakusiza ukukhumbula ulwazi oluxoxwe ngesikhathi sokuvakasha futhi banikeze ukwesekwa ngokomzwelo. Abanye abantu bathola ukuthi kuwusizo ukuthatha amanothi noma ngisho nokurekhoda ingxoxo (ngemvume yodokotela wakho).

Ungangabazi ukubuza imibuzo uma kukhona okungacaci. Iqembu lakho lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lifuna ukukusiza ukuqonda isimo sakho nezinketho zokwelashwa ngokuphelele. Ukulungiselela imibuzo yakho kusengaphambili kuqinisekisa ukuthi awukhohlwa ukubuza ngento ebalulekile.

Yini into ebalulekile mayelana ne-neuromyelitis optica?

Into ebaluleke kakhulu okumele uyiqonde mayelana ne-NMO ukuthi yize kuyisimo esinzima, kukhona ukwelashwa okusebenzayo okutholakala okungathuthukisa kakhulu umbono wakho. Ukuxilongwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi nokwelashwa ngokushesha kokubuyela emuva, kanye nokwelashwa okuvimbelayo okuqhubekayo, kungakusiza ukugcina ikhwalithi enhle yempilo.

I-NMO ibathinta bonke abantu ngokuhlukile, ngakho-ke okuhlangenwe nakho kwakho kungase kuhluke kakhulu kwabanye abaneli simo elifanayo. Ukusebenzisana eduze neqembu lokukhathalela impilo elinolo olukhulu ekwelapheni i-NMO kunikeza amathuba amahle kakhulu okulawula izimpawu ngempumelelo nokuvimbela izinhlanganisela zesikhathi esizayo.

Khumbula ukuthi ucwaningo lwe-NMO luya phambili ngokushesha, ngokwelashwa okusha okutholakala njalo. Ukuqonda kwalesi simo kuye kwathuthuka kakhulu phakathi nekhulu leminyaka eledlule, okuholela emiphumeleni emihle kubantu abaxilongwe namuhla uma kuqhathaniswa nalabo abaxilongwe eminyakeni edlule.

Ukuphila ne-NMO kudinga ukulungiswa, kodwa abantu abaningi abaneli simo baqhubeka besebenza, begcina ubuhlobo, futhi bajabulela ukuphila okuhlangabezana nezidingo zabo. Ukwakha inethiwekhi eqinile yokusekela ehlanganisa iqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo, umndeni, abangane, kanye mhlawumbe nabanye abantu abane-NMO kungenza uhambo lwakho lube lula kakhulu.

Hlala unethemba futhi uhileleke ekunakekelweni kwakho. Okwengeziwe oqonda ngesimo sakho nokwengeziwe ohileleka ngokusebenzayo ecelweni lakho lokwelashwa, uzoba ulungile kakhulu ekulawuleni i-NMO ngempumelelo esikhathini eside.

Imibuzo evamile ebuzwa mayelana ne-neuromyelitis optica

Ingabe i-neuromyelitis optica ifana ne-multiple sclerosis?

Cha, i-NMO ne-multiple sclerosis izimo ezihlukile, yize ngesikhathi esithile zazicatshangelwa ukuba zihilelekile. I-NMO ikakhulukazi ithinta izinzwa zokubona nomgogodla, kuyilapho i-MS ngokuvamile ibangela ukuhileleka okubanzi kobuchopho. Ukwelashwa nombono wesikhathi eside kungaba ohlukile phakathi kwezimo ezimbili.

Ingabe abantu abane-NMO bangaba nezingane ngokuphepha?

Abesifazane abaningi abane-NMO bangaba nezingane ngempumelelo, yize ukuhlela nokulandelela okucophelelayo kubalulekile. Eminye imithi kufanele ilungiswe ngaphambi kokuthola izingane, futhi uzodinga ukunakekelwa okukhethekile phakathi kokukhulelwa. Ingozi yokubuyela emuva ingaba phezulu phakathi kokukhulelwa futhi ikakhulukazi ezinyangeni ngemuva kokubeletha, kodwa lokhu kungalawulwa ngokunakekelwa okufanele kwezokwelapha.

Ingabe ngizoba yimpofu ngokuphelele noma ngingakwazi ukunyakaza?

Akudingeki. Yize i-NMO ingabangela ukukhubazeka okukhulu uma ingalashwa, abantu abaningi bagcina benomsebenzi obalulekile ngokwelashwa okufanele. Abanye abantu bayaphila kahle ngokubuyela emuva, kanti abanye bangaba nemiphumela ethile. Okubalulekile ukuthola ukwelashwa ngokushesha kokubuyela emuva nokuthatha imithi yokuvimbela njalo ukuze kunciphisa ingozi yokuhlangana kwesikhathi esizayo.

Ukuphinda kuvela kwe-NMO kwenzeka kangakanani?

Ukuphinda kuvela kweziqephu kuyahluka kakhulu phakathi kwabantu. Ngaphandle kokwelashwa okuvimbelayo, abanye abantu bangaba neziqephu eziningi ngonyaka, kanti abanye bangase babe eminyakeni phakathi kweziqephu. Ngokwelashwa okuvimbelayo okusebenzayo, abantu abaningi bahlangabezana neziqephu ezimbalwa kakhulu noma azikho nhlobo. Udokotela wakho angakusiza ukuqonda ingozi yakho siqu ngokusekelwe ezintweni ezifana nesimo sakho se-antibody nomlando wezokwelapha.

Ingabe ukucindezeleka kungabangela ukubuyela emuva kwe-NMO?

Abanye abantu bayaphawula ukuthi amazinga aphezulu okucindezeleka abonakala ephambi kokubuyela emuva kwabo, yize ubuhlobo bungacaci ngokuphelele. Yize ungakwazi ukususa konke ukucindezeleka ekuphileni kwakho, ukufunda amasu okulawula ukucindezeleka okunempilo kungaba usizo. Lokhu kungaba ukuzivocavoca njalo, ukuzivocavoca okuphumula, ukwelulekwa, noma ezinye izindlela ezisebenza kuwe. Uma uqaphela ukuthi ukucindezeleka kubonakala kubangela izimpawu zakho, xoxa ngaleli phetini neqembu lakho lokukhathalela impilo.