Uyini i-Norovirus? Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

I-Norovirus iwumkhuhlane oluthakazelayo kakhulu olubangela izimpawu eziqondene nesifo sikasendlini njengokuhhuluka nokukhipha. Okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi “isifo sikasendlini” noma “isifo sokuhlanza ebusika,” lo mkhuhlane ovamile uthinta izigidi zabantu minyaka yonke futhi usakazeka kalula kakhulu kusuka kumuntu kuya komunye.

Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ukutheleleka kwe-norovirus kuvame ukuba buthakathaka futhi kuziphilisa ngokwalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Nakuba izimpawu zingase zibe nzima futhi zingakhululeki, abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwezokwelapha.

Uyini i-Norovirus?

I-Norovirus iyingxenye yomndeni wezifo ezithinta ngokuqondile isisu sakho. Iyimbangela ehamba phambili ye-gastroenteritis (isifo sikasendlini) emhlabeni jikelele, ehambisana no-90% wezimo ze-gastroenteritis ezisakazekayo.

Lo mkhuhlane oqinile ungaphila ezintweni amasonto amaningi futhi uhlale usebenza emazingeni okuqandisa. Uvame kakhulu ezinyangeni zasebusika, nakuba ungawubamba nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Lo mkhuhlane usakazeka ngempumelelo kangangokuthi ngisho nezingxenye ezincane zingakwenza ubegula.

Okwenza i-norovirus ibe inselele ngokukhethekile ukuthi kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene, futhi ukutheleleka ngenye akuvikeli kwabanye. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ungaba nezifo ze-norovirus izikhathi eziningi ekuphileni kwakho.

Ziyini Izimpawu Ze-Norovirus?

Izimpawu ze-norovirus zivame ukuvela ngokuzumayo, ngokuvamile emahoreni angu-12 kuya kwangu-48 ngemuva kokubekwa ekusabela komkhuhlane. Izimpawu eziyinhloko zihhuluka, ukukhipha, nokukhipha okungase kube nzima kakhulu.

Nawa izimpawu ezivamile ongazihlangabezana nazo:

• Ukuqala ngokuzumayo kokuhhuluka nokukhipha
• Ukukhipha amanzi ngaphandle kwegazi
• Ubuhlungu besisu nobuhlungu besisu
• Ukuvuvukala okuncane (ngokuvamile ngaphansi kuka-102°F)
• Ukuthanda ukubanda nobuhlungu bomzimba
• Intloko
• Ukukhathala nobuthakathaka obukhulu

Ukukhipha nokukhipha kungase kube namandla futhi kube khona njalo, ikakhulukazi emahora angu-24 okuqala. Nakuba lokhu kuzwakala kukhulu, khumbula ukuthi umzimba wakho usebenza ukuze ususe umkhuhlane ohlelweni lwakho.

Abantu abaningi bazizwa bephilile kakhulu ezinsukwini ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-3, nakuba ungase uzizwe ukhathele izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphezulu njengoba umzimba wakho uya ekuphileni. Abantwana nabantu abadala bangase babe nezimpawu isikhathi eside kancane.

Yini ebangela i-Norovirus?

I-Norovirus isakazeka ngezindlela eziningi, zonke zihilela ukuxhumana nezingxenye zomkhuhlane. Lo mkhuhlane uthakazelayo kakhulu, udinga kuphela inani elincane lezingxenye ukubangela ukutheleleka.

Izindlela ezivamile abantu ababamba ngazo i-norovirus zihlanganisa:

• Ukudla ukudla okungcolile, ikakhulukazi i-shellfish, imikhiqizo emisha, noma ukudla okuphathwe abantu abathelelekile
• Ukunatha amanzi angcolile
• Ukubamba izinto ezingcolile bese ubamba umlomo wakho
• Ukuxhumana ngokuqondile nomuntu othelelekile
• Ukuphefumula izingxenye zomoya ezivela ekukhipheni (okungavamile kodwa kungenzeka)

Ukungcola kokudla kuvame ukwenzeka lapho abaphathi bokudla abathelelekile bengahlanzi izandla zabo kahle. I-Shellfish njenge-oysters ingaba nomkhuhlane uma iqoqwe emanzini angcolile. Izithelo nemifino emisha ingangcoliswa ngesikhathi sokukhula, ukuqoqwa, noma ukulungiswa.

Lo mkhuhlane ungasakazeka futhi ngemithombo yamanzi engcolile, kuhlanganise amachibi okugeza, amachibi, noma imifantu. Ngisho neqhwa elenziwe ngamanzi angcolile lingadlulisela lo mkhuhlane.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Nge-Norovirus?

Ukutheleleka okuningi kwe-norovirus akudingi ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha futhi kuziphilisa ngokwalo. Noma kunjalo, izimo ezithile zidinga ukubiza umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo noma ukuvakashela ukunakekelwa okusheshayo.

Xhumana nodokotela wakho uma uhlangabezana nalokhu okulandelayo:

• Izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi okukhulu (ukukhathala, umlomo owomile, ukungaphuthi amanzi)
• Igazi ekukhipheni noma ekukhipheni
• Ukuvuvukala okuphezulu ngaphezu kuka-102°F (38.9°C)
• Ubuhlungu besisu obukhulu obungaphuli
• Izimpawu ezithatha izinsuku eziningi
• Izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi kubantwana (ukukhala ngaphandle kwezinyembezi, ukulala okungavamile)

Funani ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma ungakwazi ukugcina izinto ezinwetshiwe phansi ngaphezu kwamahora angu-24 noma uma uzizwa udidekile, ubuthakathaka kakhulu, noma une-heartbeat esheshayo. Lezi zingaba izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi okungozi.

Kubantwana, abantu abadala, noma abantu abanesistimu yokukhulula umzimba ebuthakathaka, kuqondakala ukuxhumana nomhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngokushesha kunokuba kamuva, njengoba besengozini enkulu yokuthola izinkinga.

Ziyini Izinto Ezifaka Engozini Ye-Norovirus?

Noma ubani angabamba i-norovirus, kodwa izinto ezithile zingandisa amathuba akho okufakwa engcupheni noma zikwenze ube sengozini yokuhlupheka izimpawu ezinzima. Ukuqonda lezi zinto ezifaka engcupheni kungakusiza ukuba uthathe izinyathelo ezifanele.

Izinto ezivamile ezifaka engcupheni zihlanganisa:

• Ukuphila ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi njengezikole, izindlu zokunakekelwa kwabadala, noma ama-cruise ships
• Ukudla ezindawo zokudlela noma imibukiso
• Ukuya ezindaweni ezingcolile
• Ukuba noxhumano oluseduze namalungu omndeni abathelelekile noma abaphathi
• Ukusebenza kwezokunakekelwa kwezempilo, ukunakekelwa kwabantwana, noma isevisi yokudla
• Ukuba nesistimu yokukhulula umzimba ebuthakathaka
• Ukuba mncane kakhulu (ngaphansi kuka-2) noma ukhulu (ngaphezu kuka-65)

Izimo ezithile zenza izimo ezifanele zokubhebhetheka kwe-norovirus. Ama-cruise ships, izikole, nezindawo zokunakekelwa zibona ukubhebhetheka okuvamile ngoba abantu bahlanganyela izindawo ezinabantu abaningi nezinto ezivamile.

Abantu abanezimo zempilo ezingapheli, abesifazane abakhulelwe, nalabo abathinteka imithi ecindezela isistimu yokukhulula umzimba bangase babe nezimpawu ezinzima noma ezihlala isikhathi eside. Noma kunjalo, izinkinga ezinzima zihlala zingavamile ngisho nakulezi zinhlobo zabantu abasezingozini eziphezulu.

Ziyini Izinkinga Ezingase Zenzeke Nge-Norovirus?

Nakuba abantu abaningi bayaphila nge-norovirus ngaphandle kwemiphumela ehlala njalo, izinkinga zingase zenzeke, ikakhulukazi kubantu abasezingozini. Ukukhathazeka okukhulu ukungabi namanzi ngenxa yokulahlekelwa amanzi okukhulu.

Izinkinga ezingase zenzeke zihlanganisa:

• Ukungabi namanzi (inkinga evamile kakhulu)
• Ukungahlangani kahle kwama-electrolytes ngenxa yokulahlekelwa amanzi
• Izinkinga zezinkulungwane ezimweni ezinzima
• Izimpawu ezihlala isikhathi eside kubantu abanesistimu yokukhulula umzimba ebuthakathaka
• Ukondleka okungalungile kubantu abadala abagulayo isikhathi eside

Ukungabi namanzi kwenzeka lapho ulahlekelwa amanzi amaningi ngokuhhuluka nokukhipha kunalokho ongakwazi ukulibuyisela ngokunatha. Ukungabi namanzi okuncane kubangela umlomo owomile nokukhathala, kuyilapho ukungabi namanzi okukhulu kungase kube yimbangela yokonakala kwezinkulungwane futhi kudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Ezimeni ezimbalwa, abantu abanesistimu yokukhulula umzimba ebuthakathaka kakhulu bangase bathuthukise ukutheleleka kwe-norovirus okuhlala isikhathi eside okugcina amasonto noma izinyanga. Noma kunjalo, kubantu abaningi abaphilile, lo mkhuhlane ususa ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokubangela noma yiziphi izinkinga zempilo zesikhathi eside.

I-Norovirus Ingavikeleka Kanjani?

Imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka iyisikhali sakho esingcono kakhulu sokulwa ne-norovirus. Njengoba lo mkhuhlane usakazeka kalula kakhulu, imikhuba yokuvimbela eqhubekayo inganciphisa kakhulu amathuba akho okutheleleka.

Amasu ayinhloko okuvimbela ahlanganisa:

• Ukugeza izandla ngokuphelele ngensipho namanzi okungenani imizuzwana engu-20
• Ukugwema ukuxhumana okuqondile nabantu abathelelekile
• Ukuhlanza izinto ngezinto zokuhlanza ezinezibulali-mikrofoni
• Ukugeza izithelo nemifino ngokucophelela
• Ukupheka i-shellfish ngokuphelele
• Ukugwema ukudla namanzi angase angcolile
• Ukuhlala ekhaya uma ugula ukuze ugweme ukusakaza umkhuhlane

I-Hand sanitizer yodwa ayanele ukubulala i-norovirus, ngakho insipho namanzi ahlala ebalulekile. Uma othile endlini yakho egula, hlala uhlanza futhi uhlanze izinto ezithintwayo njengezinkinobho zezinyango, ama-faucets, nama-countertops nsuku zonke.

Uma unakekela othile one-norovirus, geza izandla zakho ngokushesha ngemuva kokuxhumana futhi ucabange ngokugqoka izihlanzi ezingasetshenziswa kanye.

I-Norovirus Ihlonishwa Kanjani?

Odokotela bavame ukubona i-norovirus ngokusekelwe ezimpawu zakho nezimo zokugula kwakho. Ezimweni eziningi, azikho izivivinyo ezithile ezidingekayo njengoba ukwelashwa kuhlala kufana kungakhathaliseki uhlobo oluqondile lomkhuhlane.

Umhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo uzokubuza ngezimpawu zakho, ukuthi zaqala nini, nemithombo engase ibe khona yokufakwa engcupheni. Bazophinde bahlole izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi futhi bahlole isimo sakho jikelele.

Izivivinyo zelebhu zingakuqinisekisa ukutheleleka kwe-norovirus, kodwa ngokuvamile zigcinelwe izimo ezikhethekile. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise ukuphenya ukubhebhetheka, izimo kubantu abasisibhedlela, noma lapho izimpawu zingavamile noma zihlala isikhathi eside.

Izivivinyo zesampula yesisu zingase zivivinywe ngezinto ze-norovirus, kodwa imiphumela ingase ithathe izinsuku eziningi. Njengoba abantu abaningi bayaphila ngaphambi kokuthi imiphumela yokuvivinya ibuye, odokotela bagxila ekuphatheni izimpawu nokuvimbela ukungabi namanzi kunokukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa okuqondile.

Ukuphathwa Kwe-Norovirus Kuyini?

Ayikho imithi ekhethekile yokwelapha i-norovirus, ngakho ukwelashwa kugxila ekuphatheni izimpawu nokuvimbela ukungabi namanzi. Isistimu yakho yokukhulula umzimba izosususa lo mkhuhlane ngokwemvelo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

Izindlela eziyinhloko zokwelapha zihlanganisa:

• Ukuhlala unamanzi ngezinto ezinwetshiwe ezicacile
• Ukuphumula nokugwema ukudla okuqinile ekuqaleni
• Ukuqala kabusha ukudla okumnandi ngokucophelela njengoba ubekezelela
• Ukusebenzisa izixazululo zokunatha amanzi ngomlomo uma kudingeka
• Ukugwema imithi yokulwa nokukhipha ngaphandle kokuthi kunconywe udokotela

Gxilisa ekuphindiseni amanzi nama-electrolytes alahlekile ngokuphuza kancane kancane amanzi, ama-broths acacile, noma izixazululo zokunatha amanzi ngomlomo. Iziphuzo zezemidlalo zingasiza, kodwa zidilize ngamanzi njengoba zingase zibe nzima kakhulu.

Gwema imikhiqizo yobisi, i-caffeine, utshwala, nokudla okunemafutha kuze kube yilapho uzizwa uphilile. Lokhu kungase kwenze ukuba ube nokuhhuluka nokukhipha okukhulu. Uma ukukhipha kuphela, zama inani elincane lokudla okumnandi njenge-toast, irayisi, noma amabhanana.

Abantu abaningi abadingi imithi yokwelapha. Imithi yokulwa nokuhhuluka ingasiza ezimweni ezinzima, kodwa qiniseka ukuthi ubuze udokotela wakho ngaphambi kokuthatha noma iyiphi imithi ngesikhathi sokutheleleka kwe-norovirus.

Indlela Yokwelashwa Ekhaya Ngesikhathi Se-Norovirus?

Ukuphatha i-norovirus ekhaya kudinga ukuzeka kade umsindo nokunakekela ukunatha. Okubalulekile ukusekela umzimba wakho ngenkathi ulwa nokutheleleka ngokwemvelo.

Qala ngezinto ezinwetshiwe ezicacile ngezinani ezincane njalo ngemizuzu embalwa. Uma ungakwazi ukuzigcina phansi amahora ambalwa, engeza inani kancane kancane. Ama-ice chips noma ama-electrolyte pops aqandisiwe angasiza uma kunzima ukunatha.

Dala indawo ephumuzayo yokulima ngokubeka ibhasini eduze, ube nama-tissues namanzi eduze, futhi uqinisekise ukuthi kukhona umoya omuhle. Shintsha imibhede nezingubo njalo ukuze uhlale uhlanzekile futhi ukhululeke.

Uma uzizwa usukulungele ukudla, qala ngokudla okumnandi njenge-crackers, i-toast, noma irayisi elula. Ukudla kwe-BRAT (amabhanana, irayisi, i-applesauce, i-toast) kungase kube lula esiswini sakho esiphilisa.

Hlola izimpawu zakho nesimo sakho sokugcina amanzi. Uma uphutha njalo futhi umlomo wakho uhlala umile, cishe uhlala unamanzi ngokwanele. Gcina ulandelela indlela ozizwa ngayo ukuze ukwazi ukubika noma yiziphi izinguquko ezikhathazayo kumhlinzeki wakho wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani Ukuya Edokotela?

Uma udinga ukubona umhlinzeki wezokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngezimpawu ze-norovirus, ukulungiselela kungakusiza uthole okuningi ekuhambeni kwakho. Letha ulwazi mayelana nezimpawu zakho, isikhathi sazo, nanoma yimiphi imithombo engase ibe khona yokufakwa engcupheni.

Ngaphambi kokubhukha kwakho, bhala phansi ukuthi izimpawu zakho zaqala nini, lokho okudlile muva nje, nokuthi abanye abantu abaseduze bakho baye bagula yini. Qaphela noma iyiphi imithi oyithathe nokuthi ungaki amanzi okwazi ukugcina phansi.

Letha uhlu lwemithi yakho yamanje, kuhlanganise imithi yokwelapha ngaphandle kokubhalwa yi-doctor kanye nezinye izinto. Lungiselela futhi imibuzo mayelana nokuthi ungabuya nini emsebenzini noma esikoleni, nokuthi yiziphi izimpawu ezifanele zikhuthaze ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha.

Uma kungenzeka, letha othile nawe ukuze akusize ukukhumbula ulwazi oluxoxwe ngesikhathi sokuvakasha. Ukugula kungenza kube nzima ukugxila nokukhumbula imininingwane kamuva.

Iyini Iphuzu Eliyinhloko Mayelana Ne-Norovirus?

I-Norovirus iyisifo esivamile kakhulu kodwa esilula esiziphilisa ngokwalo ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Nakuba izimpawu zingase zibe nzima, abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ngaphandle kokwelashwa kwezokwelapha.

Into ebaluleke kakhulu ongayenza iwukuhlala unamanzi uphumule ngenkathi umzimba wakho ulwa nokutheleleka. Imikhuba emihle yokuhlanzeka, ikakhulukazi ukugeza izandla ngokuphelele, ihlala iyisivikelo sakho esingcono kakhulu sokuthola noma ukusakaza umkhuhlane.

Khumbula ukuthi uthakazelayo ngisho nangemva kokuba izimpawu ziphume, ngakho hlala ekhaya okungenani amahora angu-48 ngemuva kokuzwa uphilile. Lokhu kusiza ukuvikela abanye emphakathini wakho ekuguleni.

Themba ikhono lomzimba wakho lokuphulukisa, kodwa ungangabazi ukufuna ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma uthuthukisa izimpawu zokulahlekelwa amanzi okukhulu noma ezinye izimpawu ezikhathazayo. Ukutheleleka okuningi kwe-norovirus kuyizinsuku ezimbalwa ezingathandeki ezidlula ngaphandle kwemiphumela ehlala njalo.

Imibuzo Evamile Ebuzwayo Mayelana Ne-Norovirus

Isikhathi Esingakanani I-Norovirus Ihlala?

Izimpawu ze-Norovirus ngokuvamile zihlala izinsuku ezingu-1 kuya kwezingu-3, ngabantu abaningi bezizwa bephilile kakhulu emahoreni angu-24 kuya kwangu-48. Ungase uzizwe ukhathele izinsuku ezimbalwa ezengeziwe njengoba umzimba wakho uya ekuphileni, kodwa izimpawu ezinzima njengokuhhuluka nokukhipha ngokuvamile ziyaphela ngokushesha. Abantwana nabantu abadala bangase babe nezimpawu isikhathi eside kancane.

Ungayithola Yini I-Norovirus Kabili?

Yebo, ungayithola i-norovirus izikhathi eziningi ngoba kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene zomkhuhlane. Ukutheleleka ngenye akuvikeli kwabanye. Abanye abantu bangase bathole i-norovirus izikhathi eziningi ekuphileni kwabo, nakuba ukutheleleka okulandelayo kuvame ukuba buthakathaka njengoba isistimu yakho yokukhulula umzimba yakha isivikelo ethile.

Ingabe I-Norovirus Iyingozi?

I-Norovirus ngokuvamile ayiyona ingozi kubantu abaphilile futhi iziphilisa ngaphandle kwezinkinga. Ingozi enkulu ukungabi namanzi, ikakhulukazi kubantwana abancane, abantu abadala, noma abantu abanesistimu yokukhulula umzimba ebuthakathaka. Izinkinga ezinzima zihlala zingavamile, futhi abantu abaningi bayaphila ngokuphelele ezinsukwini ezimbalwa.

I-Norovirus Iyakhahlela Kangakanani?

I-Norovirus iyakhahlela kakhulu, idinga kuphela inani elincane lezingxenye zomkhuhlane ukubangela ukutheleleka. Uyakhahlela kakhulu uma ugula, kodwa ungasakaza umkhuhlane kuze kube amasonto amabili ngemuva kokuba izimpawu ziphume. Lo mkhuhlane ungaphila ezintweni amasonto amaningi, okwenza kube lula ukusakaza ngezinto ezingcolile.

Yikuphi Ukudla Okufanele Ukuqede Ngaphansi Kwe-Norovirus?

Gwema imikhiqizo yobisi, i-caffeine, utshwala, ukudla okunemafutha, nokudla okunefayibha eningi ngenkathi ugula futhi izinsuku ezimbalwa ngemuva kokulima. Lokhu kungase kwenze ukuba ube nokuhhuluka nokukhipha okukhulu. Namatha amanzi acacile ekuqaleni, bese uqala ukudla okumnandi njenge-toast, irayisi, amabhanana, nama-crackers njengoba uzizwa uphilile.