Ubukhulu Bomzimba: Izimpawu, Izimbangela, Nokwelashwa

Ubukhulu bomzimba yisimo sezokwelapha lapho umzimba wakho ugcina khona amanoni amaningi angathinta impilo yakho nempilo yakho yansuku zonke. Akuyona nje into yokuba nesisindo esengeziwe - kuyilapho lesi sisindo esengeziwe siqala ukuthinta indlela umzimba wakho osebenza ngayo futhi sikhulise ingozi yezinye izimo zezempilo.

Izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele zihlala nobukhulu bomzimba, futhi sekuyinto evame kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ubukhulu bomzimba buyaphatheka, futhi ngisho nokulahlekelwa isisindo esincane kungadala ukuthuthuka okukhulu kwezempilo.

Ubukhulu Bomzimba Yini?

Ubukhulu bomzimba kwenzeka lapho umzimba wakho uqoqa futhi ugcine khona amanoni amaningi kunalokho ongasebenzisa amandla. Abahlinzeki bezempilo bavame ukuxilonga ubukhulu bomzimba usebenzisa i-Body Mass Index (BMI) yakho, ehambisana nokuqina kwakho nobude bakho.

I-BMI engu-30 noma ngaphezulu ngokuvamile ibonisa ubukhulu bomzimba, nakuba lokhu kulinganisa kunamkhawulo. Udokotela wakho uzobheka futhi impilo yakho yonke, lapho uthwala khona isisindo, nezinye izinto lapho ehlola isimo sakho.

Cabanga ngobukhulu bomzimba njengesistimu yokugcina amandla yomzimba wakho egcwele kakhulu. Uma uhlala uthatha ama-calories amaningi kunalokho owaqhekeza, umzimba wakho ugcina okusele njengoba i-fat tissue, ikakhulukazi ngezidingo zamandla zesikhathi esizayo.

Ziyini Izimpawu Zobukhulu Bomzimba?

Uphawu olucacile kakhulu lobukhulu bomzimba ukwanda okukhulu kwesisindo, kodwa abantu abaningi baye baba nezimpawu eziningi ezihlupha ukududuzeka kwabo kwansuku zonke nokuhamba kwabo. Lezi zimpawu zingathuthuka kancane kancane futhi zingabonakala zingenahlangene nesisindo ekuqaleni.

Izimpawu ezivamile ongaziqaphela zihlanganisa:

• Ukuzwa ukuntuleka komoya ngesikhathi semisebenzi evamile njengokuhamba noma ukukhuphuka izitebhisi
• Ukukhishwa okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi somsebenzi omnene womzimba
• Ukuzwa ukukhathala noma ukukhathala kalula kunakuqala
• Ubuhlungu bezingxenye zomzimba, ikakhulukazi emadolweni, ezinqenqemeni, noma emuva
• Ubunzima bokuphumula noma ukuzwa ungaphumuli kahle ngemuva kokulala
• Izimpawu zokushisa kwenhliziyo noma ukubuyela emuva kwesitshulu
• Izinkinga zesikhumba ezindaweni lapho iziqongo zesikhumba, njengokuqhuma noma ukutheleleka

Abanye abantu baye baba nezimpawu ezingavamile njengokukhathazeka, ukuguquka kwesimo sengqondo, noma ubunzima bokuqonda. Lezi zimpawu zivame ukuthuthuka njengoba isisindo siyancipha, okungase kunikeze isikhuthazo ngesikhathi sokwelashwa.

Ziyini Izinhlobo Zobukhulu Bomzimba?

Abahlinzeki bezempilo bahlukanisa ubukhulu bomzimba ezigabeni ezahlukene ngokusekelwe amazinga e-BMI nokwehlukaniswa kwesisindo esengeziwe emzimbeni wakho. Ukuqonda lezi zihlobo kusiza ekutholeni indlela efanele yokwelapha.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko ze-BMI-based zihlanganisa:

• Ubukhulu bomzimba beClass 1: BMI 30-34.9
• Ubukhulu bomzimba beClass 2: BMI 35-39.9
• Ubukhulu bomzimba beClass 3: BMI 40 noma ngaphezulu (ngezinye izikhathi kubizwa ngokuthi ubukhulu bomzimba obukhulu)

Udokotela wakho angase abheke futhi lapho uthwala khona isisindo esengeziwe. Ubukhulu bomzimba obukhulu (isisindo esizungezile esiswini) ngokuvamile bubeke ingozi enkulu yezempilo kunobunono bomzimba obukhulu (isisindo ezinqenqemeni nasemadolweni).

Ubukhulu bomzimba bobuntwana bulandela amashadi ahlukene e-BMI percentile, njengoba imizimba yabantwana ishintsha ngokushesha ngesikhathi sokuthuthuka nokukhula.

Yini Ebangela Ubukhulu Bomzimba?

Ubukhulu bomzimba buthuthuka uma uhlala uthola ama-calories amaningi kunalokho umzimba wakho owaqhekeza ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Noma kunjalo, izizathu zokwenzeka lokhu ziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zihlanganisa izinto eziningi ezisebenza ndawonye.

Izimbangela ezivamile ezifaka isandla zihlanganisa:

• Izindlela zokudla ezihlanganisa izingxenye ezinkulu noma ukudla okuvamile okuphezulu kwama-calories
• Ukuntuleka komsebenzi womzimba ngenxa yendlela yokuphila, izidingo zomsebenzi, noma izinkinga zokunyakaza
• Izinto zofuzo eziqondisa indlela umzimba wakho oqopha futhi ugcine khona amanoni
• Imithi efana nezinye izidakamizwa zokucindezeleka, ama-steroids, noma imithi yokwelapha isifo sikashukela
• Izimo zezokwelapha ezifana ne-hypothyroidism, ukungaphili kahle kwe-insulin, noma i-PCOS
• Ukungaphili kahle kokulala okuhlupha ama-hormones aqondisa indlala nokugcwaliswa
• Ukuqina okuqhubekayo okubangela ukudla ngenxa yokucindezeleka noma ukuguquka kwama-hormones

Izinto ezingqongile nazo zidlalela indima ebalulekile. Ukufinyeleleka okulinganiselwe kokudla okunempilo, izindawo ezingaphephile zokuzivocavoca, noma amashejuli omsebenzi ahlupha izindlela zokudla ezivamile konke kungase kube nomthelela ekwandeni kwesisindo.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, izifo zofuzo ezifana ne-Prader-Willi syndrome noma ukonakala kwe-hypothalamus (isikhungo sokulawula ukudla ebuchosheni) kungabangela ubukhulu bomzimba obukhulu. Lezi zimo zidinga ukuphathwa kwezokwelapha okukhethekile.

Nini Okufanele Ubone Udokotela Ngobukhulu Bomzimba?

Kufanele ucabange ngokukhuluma nodokotela wakho ngezinkathazo zesondlo uma i-BMI yakho ingu-30 noma ngaphezulu, noma uma isisindo esengeziwe sithinta impilo yakho yansuku zonke nokududuzeka kwakho. Ukungenelela kwasekuqaleni ngokuvamile kuholela emiphumeleni emihle.

Hlela i-aphoyintimenti ngokushesha uma uhlangabezana nezimpawu ezifana nokuntuleka komoya okuqhubekayo, ubuhlungu bezingxenye zomzimba obubekela umkhawulo ekuhambeni kwakho, noma izinkinga zokulala ezikushiya ukhathele usuku lonke.

Kufanele ufune ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha ngokushesha uma uthola ubuhlungu besifuba, ubunzima obukhulu bokuqhekeza, noma izimpawu zokugula kweshukela njengokuomile okukhulu, ukuya esikhumulweni njalo, noma ukukhathala okungachazeki. Lokhu kungase kubonise izinkinga ezinzima ezidinga ukwelashwa ngokushesha.

Ngisho noma uzizwa uphilile manje, ukuxoxa ngokulawula isisindo nodokotela wakho kungasiza ekuvimbeni izinkinga zezempilo zesikhathi esizayo futhi kumise uhlelo lokwelapha olusekela.

Ziyini Izinto Ezifaka Isandla Ekuthuthukeni Kwe-Obesity?

Izinto eziningi zingandisa amathuba akho okuthuthukisa ubukhulu bomzimba, nakuba ukuba nezinto ezifaka isandla akusho ukuthi uzoba nobukhulu bomzimba. Ukuqonda lezi zinto kungakusiza ukwenza izinqumo ezilwemi ngempilo yakho.

Izinto ezivamile ezifaka isandla zihlanganisa:

• Umlando womndeni wobukhulu bomzimba, okusikisela ukunqamuka kwofuzo
• Ukuguquka kwe-metabolism ehlobene nobudala, ikakhulukazi ngemuva kweminyaka engu-40
• Indlela yokuphila yokungasebenzi ngenxa yomsebenzi wedeski noma ukunyakaza okulinganiselwe
• Ukudla okuvamile kokudla okucutshunguliwe noma okuphezulu kwama-calories
• Ukufinyeleleka okuncane kokudla okunempilo noma izindawo eziphephile zokuzivocavoca
• Imithi ethile ebangela ukwanda kwesisindo njengomphumela ohlangothini
• Izimo zezokwelapha eziqondisa i-metabolism noma amazinga ama-hormones
• Ukukhulelwa, ikakhulukazi ukukhulelwa okuningi noma ukwanda okukhulu kwesisindo ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa

Izinto ezingokwengqondo ezifana nokuqina, ukukhathazeka, noma i-trauma edlule nazo zingandisa ingozi yobukhulu bomzimba ngezindlela zokudla ngenxa yokucindezeleka noma imiphumela yemithi.

Izinto zomphakathi nezomnotho ziyabaluleka. Ukutholakala okuncane kwemali, amashejuli omsebenzi angavamile, noma imisebenzi yokunakekela ingenza kube nzima ukugcina izindlela zokudla ezine-mpilo nezokuzivocavoca.

Ziyini Izinkinga Ezingase Zivele Ngobukhulu Bomzimba?

Ubukhulu bomzimba bungabangela izinkinga ezahlukene zezempilo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, nakuba akuwona wonke umuntu onobunono bomzimba ozoba nalezi zinkinga. Ingozi ngokuvamile iyanda ngezinga eliphezulu le-BMI nangesikhathi eside sobukhulu bomzimba.

Izinkinga ezivamile zihlanganisa:

• Isifo sikashukela sohlobo 2 ngenxa yokungaphili kahle kwe-insulin evela emanoni omzimba amaningi
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olucindezela inhliziyo yakho nemithambo yegazi
• Isifo senhliziyo kufaka phakathi isifo se-coronary artery nesifo senhliziyo
• I-sleep apnea ebangela ukuqhekeka kokuphefumula nokungahlali kahle kokulala
• I-Arthritis, ikakhulukazi ezingxenyeni zomzimba ezithwala isisindo njengemadolo nezinqenqemeni
• Isifo se-fatty liver esingathuthuka sibe yomonakalo welaphe
• Isifo se-gastroesophageal reflux (GERD) esibangela ukushisa kwenhliziyo nokubuyela emuva kwesitshulu

Izinkinga ezingavamile kodwa ezinzima zingase zihlanganise ezinye izinhlobo zomdlavuza, ama-blood clots, isifo se-gallbladder, nezinkinga zezinso. Abanye abantu bangase babe nokuqina noma ukungabi nandaba komphakathi okuhlobene nesisindo sabo.

Ezimeni ezingavamile, ubukhulu bomzimba obukhulu bungabangela izimo ezisongela impilo ezifana ne-Pickwickian syndrome (izinkinga zokuphefumula ngesikhathi sokulala) noma ukulinganiselwe kakhulu kokunyakaza. Noma kunjalo, izinkinga eziningi zingavimbeka noma zithuthukiswe ngokwelashwa okufanele.

Ubukhulu Bomzimba Bungavimbeka Kanjani?

Ukuvimbela ubukhulu bomzimba kuhlanganisa ukwakha imikhuba eqhubekayo ehambisana nama-calories odla nawo nama-calories owaqhekeza. Izinguquko ezincane, eziqhubekayo ngokuvamile zisebenza kangcono kunokuguqulwa okukhulu kwesitayela sempilo.

Gxila ekudleni ukudla okuvamile okunemibala eminingi, izithelo, amaprotheni ahlanzekile, nama-grains aphelele. Qaphela ubukhulu bezingxenye futhi zama ukudla kancane, lokhu kuzokusiza ukubona lapho ukhuthele.

Hlose okungenani imizuzu engu-150 yomsebenzi womzimba ophakathi nsuku zonke, njengokuhamba ngokushesha, ukubhukuda, noma ukudansa. Ungaqhekeza lokhu ezingxenyeni ezincane usuku lonke uma kudingeka.

Beka phambili ukuthola amahora angu-7-9 okulala okuhle ubusuku bonke, njengoba ukulala okubi kuqondisa ama-hormones aqondisa indlala nokugcwaliswa. Ukuphatha ukucindezeleka ngezindlela zokupumula, imisebenzi yokuphumula, noma ukusekelwa komphakathi kungase futhi kuvimbele ukudla ngenxa yokucindezeleka.

Dala indawo esekela izinqumo ezine-mpilo ngokugcina ukudla okunempilo okutholakala futhi uthole izindlela ezijabulisayo zokuhlala usebenza. Cabanga ngokufaka amalungu omndeni noma abangane emizameni yakho yesitayela sempilo esine-mpilo ukuze uthole ukwesekwa nokuzibophezela okwengeziwe.

Ubukhulu Bomzimba Buxilongwa Kanjani?

Udokotela wakho ngokuvamile uzoxilonga ubukhulu bomzimba ngokubala i-BMI yakho nokulinganisa isimo sakho sempilo yonke. Lo mkhuba uhlanganisa ukulinganisa ubude bakho nokuqina kwakho, bese uxoxa ngomlando wakho wezokwelapha nezimpawu zakho zamanje.

Ngesikhathi se-aphoyintimenti yakho, udokotela wakho angase futhi alinganise ubukhulu besisindo sakho, njengoba amanoni esiswini amaningi abeka ingozi enkulu yezempilo kunamanoni agcinwe kwezinye izindawo.

Izivivinyo ezengeziwe zingase zihlanganise umsebenzi wegazi ukuhlola isifo sikashukela, i-cholesterol ephakeme, noma izinkinga ze-thyroid. Udokotela wakho angase futhi alinganise uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi futhi akusize ngomlando womndeni wakho wezimo ezihlobene nobukhulu bomzimba.

Ngezinye izikhathi, udokotela wakho uzokuthumela kubachwepheshe abanjengabadokotela be-endocrinologists noma abacebisi ababhalisiwe ukuze uthole ukulinganiswa okubanzi kakhulu nohlelo lokwelapha.

Yini Ukwelashwa Kwe-Obesity?

Ukuphathwa kobunono bomzimba ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kwezinguquko zesitayela sempilo, futhi kwezinye izimo, ukungenelela kwezokwelapha. Udokotela wakho uzosebenza nawe ukuze wakhe uhlelo oluqondene nezimo zakho zezempilo, izintandokazi, nemigomo.

Isisekelo sokwelapha ngokuvamile sihlanganisa:

• Izingozi zokudla ezigxile ekudleni okuqondene, okulinganiselwe izingxenye
• Ukuzivocavoca okuvamile okufanele izinga lakho lokufaneleka
• Ukwelashwa kokuziphatha ukuqondisa izindlela zokudla nemikhuba yesitayela sempilo
• Ukuqapha okuvamile nokwesekwa kwabahlinzeki bezempilo

Kwabanye abantu, udokotela wakho angase anikeze imithi yokulahlekelwa isisindo esisiza ekuthambiseni ukudla noma ukuvimbela ukubamba kwamafutha. Le mithi isebenza kangcono uma ihlanganiswa nezingozi zesitayela sempilo.

Ezimeni zobunono bomzimba obukhulu noma lapho ezinye izindlela zingasebenzi, ukuhlinzwa kwe-bariatric kungase kube yindlela. Izindlela ezifana ne-gastric bypass noma i-sleeve gastrectomy zingabangela ukulahlekelwa isisindo okukhulu nokuthuthuka kwezimo zezempilo ezihlobene.

Impumelelo yokwelashwa ngokuvamile ixhomeke ekubeni nemigomo eqondile, ukwesekwa okuqhubekayo, nokubekezela ngenqubo eyancane yokulahlekelwa isisindo esiqhubekayo.

Indlela Yokuthatha Ukwelashwa Ekhaya Ngesikhathi Sobunono Bomzimba?

Ukuphatha ubukhulu bomzimba ekhaya kudinga ukwakha imikhuba yansuku zonke eqhubekayo esekela imigomo yakho yokwelashwa. Qala ngezinguquko ezincane, ezingafinyeleleka kunokuzame ukuguqula konke ngesikhathi esisodwa.

Hlela ukudla kwakho kusengaphambili futhi ugcine ukudla okunempilo okutholakala kalula. Sebenzisa izitsha ezincane nezibhodini ukuze ulawule ubukhulu bezingxenye, futhi zama ukudla ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka njengethelevishini noma amafoni.

Thola imisebenzi yomzimba oyithandayo, kungaba ukuhamba, ukulima, ukudansa, noma ukubhukuda. Ngisho nemisebenzi yasekhaya njengokuhlanza noma ukulungisa ingadi ingase ifaka isandla emigomweni yakho yansuku zonke yomsebenzi.

Gcina idayari yokudla nomsebenzi ukuze uqaphe intuthuko yakho futhi uqonde izindlela. Lokhu kungakusiza ukubona izinto ezibangela ukudla okukhulu noma izikhathi lapho ukhuthele kakhulu ukuzivocavoca.

Yenza uhlelo lokusekela lomndeni nabangane abaqonda imigomo yakho. Cabanga ngokujoyina imiphakathi e-inthanethi noma amaqembu asekelayo endaweni lapho ungabelana khona ngamava nokukhuthazwa nabanye ababhekene nezinselelo ezifanayo.

Kufanele Uzilungiselele Kanjani I-Aphoyintimenti Yakho Yodokotela?

Ukulungiselela i-aphoyintimenti yakho kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uthola inzuzo enkulu ngesikhathi sakho nodokotela wakho. Qala ngokubhala izimpawu zakho zamanje, izinkathazo, nemibuzo mayelana nesisindo sakho nempilo yakho.

Letha uhlu lwemithi yonke, izithasiselo, namavithamini owaqhekeza, njengoba ezinye zalezi zingathinta isisindo. Buye uqoqe ulwazi mayelana nomlando wezokwelapha womndeni wakho, ikakhulukazi mayelana nobukhulu bomzimba, isifo sikashukela, nesifo senhliziyo.

Cabanga ngokugcina idayari yokudla nomsebenzi ngesonto ngaphambi kwe-aphoyintimenti yakho. Lokhu kunikeza udokotela wakho ukuqonda ngemikhuba yakho yamanje futhi kusiza ekuqondeni izindawo zokuthuthukisa.

Cabanga ngemigomo yakho nezithiyo obuye wabhekana nazo ekuzameni kwangaphambili kokulawula isisindo. Yiba eqotho ngesitayela sakho sempilo, izindlela zokudla, nanoma yiziphi izinto ezingokwengqondo ezingase zithinte isisindo sakho.

Lungela ukuxoxa ngokumbozwa kwakho kwe-insurance ngezindlela ezahlukene zokwelapha, kufaka phakathi ukubonisana nodokotela wezondlo, ubulungu be-gym, noma imithi uma kunconywa.

Yini Okubalulekile Ngobukhulu Bomzimba?

Ubukhulu bomzimba yisimo sezokwelapha esiphatheka esithinta izigidi zabantu emhlabeni jikelele. Nakuba kungabangela izinkinga ezinzima zezempilo, izindaba ezinhle ukuthi ngisho nokulahlekelwa isisindo esincane kungase kunikeze izinzuzo ezinkulu zezempilo.

Ukuphathwa okuphumelelayo kobunono bomzimba ngokuvamile kuhlanganisa ukuhlanganiswa kokudla okunempilo, ukuzivocavoca okuvamile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukwesekwa kwezokwelapha. Okubalulekile ukuthola indlela esebenza ngendlela yakho yokuphila futhi ongayigcina isikhathi eside.

Khumbula ukuthi ubukhulu bomzimba buyinkimbinkimbi, buhlanganisa izinto zofuzo, ezingqongile, nezikuzenzayo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ayikho indlela eyodwa esebenza kuwo wonke umuntu, futhi akuyona nje into yokuzimisela noma ukwehluleka komuntu siqu.

Ngokwesekwa okufanele kwezokwelapha, imigomo eqondile, nokubekezela ngenqubo, abantu abaningi bangafinyelela ekuthuthukiseni okubalulekile kwesisindo sabo nempilo yonke. Gxila entuthukweni kunokuphelela, futhi gubha izinqoba ezincane endleleni.

Imibuzo Evamile Ebuzwayo Ngobukhulu Bomzimba

M1: Ingabe ubukhulu bomzimba buhlale bubangelwa ukudla okukhulu?

Cha, ubukhulu bomzimba abubangelwa ukudla okukhulu kuphela. Nakuba ukudla ama-calories amaningi kunalokho owaqhekeza kuyindlela eyisisekelo, izinto eziningi zifaka isandla kufaka phakathi ifuzo, imithi, izimo zezokwelapha, ukungaphili kahle kokulala, nezinto ezingqongile. Abanye abantu bangase bathuthukise ubukhulu bomzimba ngisho ngezindlela zokudla ezivamile ngenxa yezinto ezihlukile ze-metabolic noma izimo zezempilo ezingaphansi.

M2: Ungaba nempilo enhle kunoma iyiphi isayizi ngobunono bomzimba?

Nakuba abanye abantu abanobunono bomzimba bangaba noxinzelelo lwegazi oluvamile, i-cholesterol, namazinga eshukela egazini, ubukhulu bomzimba ngokuvamile bukhulisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa izinkinga zezempilo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Noma kunjalo, ukugxila emikhumbeni enempilo njengokuzivivinya okuvamile nokudla okunempilo kungathuthukisa imiphumela yempilo kungakhathaliseki isisindo. Umgomo kufanele kube ukuthuthukiswa kwempilo yonke kunokulahlekelwa isisindo kuphela.

M3: Kufanele ngilinde kangakanani ukulahlekelwa isisindo ngokwelashwa?

Ukulahlekelwa isisindo okuhle nokusebenza ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngesilinganiso se-1-2 ama-pounds ngesonto. Ukulahlekelwa isisindo ngokushesha ngokuvamile kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwemisipha futhi kunzima ukuligcina isikhathi eside. Udokotela wakho uzokusiza ukumisa imigomo eqondile ngokusekelwe esimweni sakho somuntu siqu. Khumbula ukuthi ngisho nokulahlekelwa isisindo esingu-5-10% kungase kunikeze izinzuzo ezinkulu zezempilo.

M4: Ingabe ngizodinga ukuhlinzwa uma nginobunono bomzimba?

Ukuhlinzwa ngokuvamile kucabangelwa kuphela ngobunono bomzimba obukhulu (BMI 40 noma ngaphezulu) noma i-BMI engu-35+ ngezinkinga zezempilo ezinzima lapho ezinye izindlela zingasebenzi. Abantu abaningi abanobunono bomzimba bangafinyelela emiphumeleni ebalulekile ngezinguquko zesitayela sempilo, ukwelashwa kokuziphatha, futhi ngezinye izikhathi imithi. Udokotela wakho uzoxoxa ngezinketho zonke futhi akusize ekutholeni indlela efanele yesimo sakho.

M5: Ingabe ubukhulu bomzimba bungabuyekeza ngokuphelele?

Abantu abaningi bangafinyelela ekulahlekelweni kwesisindo okukhulu futhi bagcine isisindo esine-mpilo isikhathi eside ngokwelashwa okufanele nezingozi zesitayela sempilo. Noma kunjalo, ukuphathwa kobunono bomzimba ngokuvamile kuyinqubo eqhubekayo kunokwelashwa okukodwa. Izindaba ezinhle ukuthi izingozi zesitayela sempilo eziqhubekayo zingabangela ukuthuthuka okuhlala njalo kokubili kwesisindo nempilo yonke, ngisho noma abanye abantu bahlala bekhona ekuphindeni kwesisindo.